人教版八英上知识点归纳.pdf

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1、人教版八上知识点Unitl Where did you go on vacation?单词anyone PeniwAnJ pron.任何人anywhere eniweMr)adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方wonderful wAndofl adj.精彩的；极好的few adj.很少的；n.少量most maust adj.最多的；大多数的;something*SAm0iq|pnm.某事物；nothing(=not.anything)pron.没有什么n.没有myself maiself pron.我自己everyone evriwAn pron.每人；人人yourself joself|p

2、ron,你自己；你亲自hen|hen|n.母鸡；雌禽bored|bo：d adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的pig n.猪diary daiori n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary)seem:m vi.似乎；好像someone MmwAii pron.某人；有人quite a few相当多；不少(后接可数名词)of course avko*s当然activity aektivati n.活动；活跃decide Idsaid v.决定；选定(decide to do sth.)try trai v.尝试；设法；努力(try to do sth./try doing sth.)bird b3

3、：d n.鸟；禽paragliding|fpaerdglaidig|n.空中滑翔跳伞bicycle fbaisikl|n.自行车building bildig n.建筑物trader reidr)n.商人；商船wonder wAiidMr)v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑difference pdifrns)n.差异；不同top|tnp n.顶部；顶wait weit v.等；等待(wait for)umbrella Ambreb n.伞；雨伞wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的below bfhu prep.低于；在 下面adv.在下面as忖 z conj.如同;像 一样enough|fnAf|adj

4、,足够的adv.足够地；充分地duck dAk n,鸭肉；鸭hungry hAQgri adj.饥饿的；渴望的(反 full)feel like(doing sth.)想要dislike disUaik v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感重点短语1.go on vacation 去度假go on 继续go out 出去go shopping 去购物go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩go to summer camp 去参加夏令营2.stay at home 待在家里3.visit museums 参观博物馆4.most of the tim

5、e 大部分时间5.something important 重要的事6.nothingbut+d o.除了之外什么都没有7.quite a few 相当多8.up and down 上上下下9.one bowl of 一碗.10.study for 为.而学习11.buy sth.for sb./buy sb.s t h.为某人买某物12.because of 因为13.of course 当然14.feel like 给.的感觉；感受到15.the next day 第二天16.in the past 在过去17.walk around 四处走走18.taste+adj.尝起来.(taste

6、good)look+adj.看起来.seem+(to be)+adj.看起来.19.arrive到达某地arrive in+大地点/arrive at+小地点e up 出来21.drink tea 喝茶22.find o u t 找出；查明23.take photos 照相24.have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing th.)玩得痛快25.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事26.so+adj.+that+从句，如此.以至于，27.Why not do.sth.?为什么不做.呢？28.keep doing st

7、h.继续做某事29.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事30.start doing s t h.开始做某事stop doing s t h.停止做某事31.want to do sth.想去做某事32.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事33.decide to do s t h.决定去做某事34.try doing s t h.尝试做某事/try to do sth.尽力去做某事35.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/forget to do sth.忘记做某事三、重点句子：1.Where did you go on vacation?你去哪儿度假的？2.L

8、ong time no see.好久不见。3.Did you go anywhere interesting?你去有趣的地方了吗？4.I just stayed at home most of the time to readand relax.大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。5.Everything was excellent.一切都很棒。6.1 bought something for my father.我给我爸爸买了些东西。7.How did you like it?你觉得它怎么样？8.I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morningwith

9、my family.今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。9.For lunch,we had something very special.午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。10.but many of the old buildings are still there.但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。11.My father and I decided to go to Penang Hillto d a y.今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。12.And because of the bad weather,we couldn tsee anything below.并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西

10、。语法：1.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。(1)句型A.含 be动词的一般过去时句型陈述句：主语+be(、vas/were)(+not)+其他一般疑问句：Be(Was/Were)+主语+其他？-Yes,主语+be(was/were).-N o,主语+be(wasn,t/weren51).特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+主语+be(vvas/were)+主语+其他？B.含实义动词的一般过去时句型陈述句：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.否定句：主语+51111+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词

11、原型+其他？-Y es,主语+did.-N o,主语+didnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原型+其他？特殊疑问词(Who)+动词过去式+其他？(2)一般过去时的时间状语yesterday及其构成的短语yesterday morning/afternoon/evening.由 last+时间名词”构成的短语last night/year/winter/month/week由 时间段+ago”构成的短语a moment/a short time/an hour agojust now和某些表示过去时态的从句(3)动词过去式的变化规则一般在动词末尾加-ed以e 结尾的动词，直接加-

12、d末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-ed不规则变化2.复合不定代词或副词的构成及用法(1)构成：由 some,any,no,every 分 另 1 J力 口 上-body,等，不能做定语。Nobody will listen to him.Hewants something to eat.不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is nothing wrong with the TV.Everybodylikes reading.some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中（但 some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料

13、对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。）；any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。Someone is calling me.There isnt anyone else there.Is anybody over there?Could you give me something to eat?形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。There is something delicious on the table,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere 用作副词。Flowers come out everywhere.-thing,-one构成的不定代词

14、叫做复合不定代词;somebody某人anybody任何人nobody没人everybody每人someoneanyoneno oneeveryone某人任何人没人每人somethinganythingnothingeverything某事/物任何事/物没有事/物每件事/物由some,any,no,every分别加上-where构成副词。(2)用法：复合不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语巩固练习：用不定代词或不定副词填空：1.1 can t hear anything=I can hear.2.There is on the floor.Please pick itup.3.Did go t

15、o play basketball with you?4.1 phoned you last night,but answeredit.5.Maybe put my penci l.Ican t find it,1.No one how to do it.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.knew2.Everything OK,isn t it?A.was B.are C.and D.is3.There s in the newspaper.Ybu shouldread it.A.important something B.something boringC.boring

16、something D.somethingimportant.1.arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morningwith my family.（翻译）_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _arrive为不及物动词，意为,arrive in 到达十 大地方（国 家 省 市）arrive a t 到达+小地方（机场 商店等）get t o 到达+地方reach到达+地方The Smiths New York at 8:00 last night.A.arrive

17、d at B.got to C.reachD.arrived2.so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.（翻译）_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3.decide为及物动词，意为决定，决心。决定做某事：.4.My sister and I tried paragliding.（翻译）|try to do sth|意 为;|try doing sth.|意为_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _We shouldn t try（study）English,weshould try（study）Engl

18、ish.5.1 felt like I was a bird.（翻 译）feel like|意为 后 常 接.另 外 feel like还意为_ _ _ _ _Do you feel like a cup of tea?6.1 wonder what life was like here in the past.（翻译）_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _wonder|为及物动词,意为“想知道”，后常接疑问 词（who,what,why）引导的从句。I wonder you are doing.（我想知道你正在做什么。）6.What a difference a day make

19、s!感叹句，结构为 What+名词+主语+谓语！补充：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _7.We waited over an hour for the train becausethere were too many people.为等候，后接人或物。为太多，后接可数名词复数；+不可数名词（money）;为太后接形容词或副词（big）8.My father didn t bring enough money.Enough后可接，其形式分别为（1）want to do sth.想要做

20、某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事(3)would like to do sth.想要做某事(4)(2)decide to do sth.决定做某事decide o n 决定某事课后练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.1 didn t f i nd(someone)there.2.Is there(something)important intoday s newspaper?3.Look!There is(anybody)at home.The light is on.4.Amy(meet)a famous actor yesterday.5.The r e(be)for

21、ty-five students in ourclass last term.6.Miss Gr e e n(come)to China in 2008.7.Little Tom(be)here a moment ago.8.She(buy)a new bag yesterday.二、单项选择()1.you to the movies?-Yes,I did.A.Did went B.Did go C.Arewent()2.-How was your weekend?-Great!W e a picnic in the park.A.haveB.has C.had()3.Mrs Green wi

22、th her little daughter athome that rainy night.A.was on B.were on C.was at()4.一 Who told you to clean the windows?一Miss WangA.told B.did C.hastold()5.Do you always to the zoo?-Yes,I yesterday.A.go go B.go went C.went go()6.-there any koalas in the zoo last year?No,t he r e.A.Are arent B.Were wasnt C

23、.Werewerent()7.Did you go wi t h?Yes,I did.A.someone B.anyone C.somebody()8.Did you buy special?-No,Ididn t.A.something B.some things C.anything三、句型转换1.Lucy played computer games yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)Lucy computer games yesterday?2.We went to the Palace Museum.(对 划 线 部 分 提 问)you3.There was someone her

24、e just now.(改 为 否 定 句 )4.She played volleyball just now.(改为否定句)She5.volleyball just now.They ate a lot of ice cream.(对划线部分提问)they6.My vacation was pretty good.(对划线部分提问)vacation?Monday,July 15thI arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning withmy family.It was sunny and hot,so vve decided togo to the

25、beach near our hotel.My sister and Itried paragliding.I felt like I was a bird.It was soexciting!For lunch,we had something veryspecial-Malaysian yellow noodles.They weredelicious!In the afternoon,we rode bicycles toGeorgetown.There are a lot of new buildings now,but many of the old buildings are st

26、ill there.InWeld Quay,a really old place in Georgetown,wesaw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100years ago.I wonder what life was like here in thepast.I really enjoyed walking around the town.Tuesday,July 16thWhat a different a day makes!My father and Idecided to go to Penang Hill today.We wan

27、ted towalk up to the top,but then it started raining alittle so we decided to take the train.We waitedover and hour for the train because there were toomany people.When we got to the top,it wasraining really hard.We didnt have an umbrellaso we were wet and cold.It was terrible.Andbecause of the bad

28、weather,vve couldnt seeanything below.My father didnt bring enoughmoney,so we only had one bowl of rice and somefish.The food tasted great because I was sohungry!am,is-was are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-saidgive-gaveget-got,go-wentcome-camehave-had,eat-atetake-tookrun-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-maderea

29、d-read,vvrite-wrotedraw-drewdrink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-sweptbuy-bought,swim-swam,sit-sat,bring-brought,can-could,cut-cutbecome-became,begin-began,draw-drewfeel-feltfind-foundforget-forgothear-heardkeep-keptknow-knew,learn-learnt(learned)leave-left,let-let,lose-lost,meet-met,rea

30、d-read,sleep-slept,speak-spoke,take-tookteach-taught,tell-told,vvake-woke不规则动词过去式:Unit2 How often do you exercise?housework Thausw3 i k n.家务劳动hardly Pha:dli|adv,几乎不；简直不；刚刚ever feva(r)adv.曾经；在任何时候once|wAns adv.一次；曾经twice twais adv.两倍；两次Internet*intdnet|n.因特网program praugraem n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full 加 1 ad

31、j.满的;充满的；完全的swing swiq 11.摇摆;秋千v.摇摆；旋转maybe meibi adv.或许；也许；可能swing dance 摇摆舞least|li i st adj.最小的；最少的at least 至少hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得junk n,垃圾；废旧杂物coffee kDfi n.咖啡；咖啡色health helO n.健康；人的身体或精神状态result rUzAlt.结果；后果percent Ipasent adj.百分之的online nnlainj adj.在线的 adv.在线地television telivisn n,电视机；电视节目alt

32、hough o i rdao conj.虽然；尽管;然而；可是through|0ru：prep.穿过；凭借；一直到body Pbndi n.身体mind maind.头脑；想法;意见；心思such sAtJ adj.这样的；如此的together Rged0(r)l adv.共同；一起die dai v.E；枯竭；消失writer|!raita(r)|n.作者；作家dentist dentist n.牙科医生magazine maegozi:n n.杂志however hau，evo(r)adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么than dan conj.比almost adv.几乎；差不多none

33、IIAII pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无less 1网 adj更少的;较少的point n.看法；要点;重点；小数点；目标;分数such as例如；诸如junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常less than不到；少于help with housework 帮助做家务 onweekends 在周末how often 多久一次hardly e v e r 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次every day 每天be free 有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Inter

34、net 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞play tennis 打网球stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚at least 至少have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动 begood f o r 对.有好处go camping 去 野 营notat all 一点儿也不.in one s free time 在某人的业余时间 themost popular最受欢迎的such as 比如;诸如 oldhabits die hard积习难改go to thedentist 去看牙医mo

35、rn than 多于；超过less than少 于help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事How ab ou t?.怎么样？want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可 数 名 词 复 数+一 般 疑 问句？有多少？spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光It s+adj,+to do s t h,做某事的.的。ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事by doing sth.通过做某事What s your favorite.?你最喜爱的.是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式(一)重点句型1.What

36、 do you usually do on weekends?-1 often go to the movies.(1)on weekends/on the weekend 在周末go to the movies 去看电影(3)第 一 个d o助动词 第 二 个d o实意动词2.hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当 于hardly,ever起强调作用。hardly为副词，意 为“几乎不没有)”，相当于almost n o t,本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否定词。E.g.She hardly eats anything.辨析：hardly和hard hard作形容词

37、，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；hard作副词，意 为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly意 为“几乎不”(1)The ground is too to dig(2)I can understand them.(3)Its raining ,the people cango outside.3.-How often do you watch TV?Twice aweek.how often意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”,用来提问频率。(2)twice a week 一周两次拓展：一 次once 两 次twice三次或三次以上 基数词+times three timesfour times4.Wha

38、fs your favorite program?=Whatprogram do you like best?你最喜欢的节目是什么？5.How come?怎么回事？怎么会？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。How come you didnt tell me about it?=Whyyou didnt tell me about it?6.1 go to the movies maybe once a month.我也许一个月去看一次电影。maybe副词，意 为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句

39、首。E.g.Maybe he knows the way to the park.辨析：maybe与may be maybe副词，作状语，意 为“或许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。m aybe属于“情态动词+be动词”结构，意为“可能是”。(1)The baby is crying she ishungry.(2)The woman a teacher.7.Last month we asked our students about theirfree time activities.ask ab.about s t h.询问某人某事8.We all know that many student

40、s often goonline,but we were surprised that ninetypercent of them use the Internet every day.Theother ten percent use it at least three or fourtimes a week.我们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是90%的学生每天都上网，而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。(1)other:adj.其他的+名词the other:adj.其他的+名词(在特定的范围内)onethe other,一个,”，另一个E.g.One of them i

41、s blue,the other ones arepurple.它们的其中一个是蓝色的，其他的是紫色的。others:其他的东西 the others:其他的东西(在特定的范围内)E.g.One of the children likes reading,the otherslike singing.后句可替换为 the other students like singing.(2)at least至少 at m ost最多，至多E.g.I have ten yuan in my pocket at most.9.Most students use it for fun and not for

42、homework.大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。10.The answers to our questions aboutwatching television were also interesting.关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。the answers to our questions 问题的答案dance to the music和着音乐的节奏跳舞key to the lock这把锁的钥匙11.Although many students like to watch sports,game shows are the most popular.尽管许多学生喜欢看体育

43、节目，但是娱乐节目是最流行的。12.It is good to relax by using the Internet ofwatching game shows,but we think the bestway to relax is through exercise.通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。(1)It s+adj.+to do sth 做某事,，”的E.g.It s very easy to learn English well.by doing sth.通过做某事(3)the best way to do sth.is做某事的最好

44、方式13.It is healthy for the mind and the body.这有益于身心健康。stay healthy=keep healthy=keep in goodhealth保持健康14.Old habits die hard.旧习难改。(二)语法知识：频度副词1.频度副词的含义(1)表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词按高低依次为always usually sometimes seldom hadlyever never100%80%60%30%10%0%(2)表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用once,两次用twice,三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”

45、表示：three times,four times,six times2.频度副词在句中的位置(1)频度副词一般在实意动词之前，b e 动词、助动词或情态动词之后E.g.We never eat junk food.Lucy is sometimes very busy.I can hardly say a word.(2)有些频度副词也可位于句首，但表示不同含义 sometimes常位于句首，和位于句中区别不大。E.g.Sometimes Jack plays computer games.often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有 quite,very 修饰E.g.Very ofte

46、n he goes online.Usually也可位于句首，其前不用修饰语。E.g.Usually my father goes up early.Always 一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。E.g.Always remember this.3.对频度副词提问时，用 how oftenE.g.-How often do you go to the movies?-Once a monthUnit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.outgoing Iautgsuiq adj.外向的better beta(r)adj.更好的；较好的adv.更好地loudl

47、y laudli adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地quietly pkwaiatli adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地hard-working ha：dw3:kig adj.勤勉的；努力工作的competition|kumpalijnl n.竞争；比赛fantastic faenaestik adj.极好的；了不起的which adj.哪一个；哪一些pron.哪一个；哪些clearly klisli adv.清楚地；显然地win win v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得n.胜利though conj.虽然；尽管；adv.不过care about 关心talented ftaehntid adj.有才能的;

48、有天赋的truly tru i li adv.真实地；真诚地;正确地care kea(r)v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎serious siarias adj.严肃的;严重的；庄重的mirror mira(r)n.镜子;反映necessary esasari adj.必要的；必然的both bauO adj.两者都 pron.两者should Jad aux.应该；可能；应当;将要touch tAtJ1 vt.触摸；感动reach ri：tJ v.到达；伸出；达成；取得联系；延伸；(伸手)去够heart ha：t n.心脏；内心fact faekt n.事实;真相；实际break|breik|v.

49、打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断laugh la i f v.发笑；笑；嘲 笑 n.笑声；笑；笑料similar simah(r)adj.类似的share Jea(r)vt.分享,共享；分配；共有loud laud adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地primary praimdri adj.最初的，最早的be different from 和 不同information,infameijn n.信息;情报；资料;通知as long as 只要bring out拿出；推出the same as与同样的in fact事实上；实际上；确切地说be similar to类似于；与 相似重点短语1.,m

50、oreoutgoing更外向2.as as 与一样3.the singing competition唱歌比赛4.be similarto与相像的/类似的5.the same as相问；与.致6.be differentfrom与不同7.care about关心；介意8.be like a mirror像一面镜子9.the most important最重要的10.as long as只要；既然11.bring out使显现；使表现出12.get better grades取得更好的成绩13.reach for伸手取14.in fact实际上事实上；15.make friends交朋友16.th