SJ7020挤出机设计毕业设计论文.doc
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1、 摘 要 本设计的目的为设计一款单螺杆的塑料挤出机,塑料挤出机也属于塑料机械的种类之一。单螺杆有效长度一般分为三段,按螺杆直径大小、螺深、螺距确定三段有效长度,一般按各占三分之一划分。料口最后一道螺纹开始叫输送段,物料在此处要求不能塑化,且在此处要预热、受压挤实,此处物料实际是固体塞,可以理解为此处物料受挤压后像是子一样是一固体,因此它的功能就是完成输送任务了。第二段叫压缩段,此时螺槽体积由大逐渐变小,并且温度要达到物料塑化程度,此处产生压缩由输送段三,在这里压缩到一,这叫螺杆的压缩比31,有的机器也有变化,完成塑化的物料进入到第三段。第三段是计量段,此处物料保持塑化温度,像计量泵那样准确、定
2、量输送熔体物料,以供给机头,此时温度不能低于塑化温度,一般略高点。以挤出机机头料流方向以及螺杆中心线的夹角为根据,可以将挤出机机头分成直角机头和斜角机头等。一是用螺栓使机头的外壳固定于机身之上,模芯座在机头里面的模中,然后用螺帽将其固定于机头的进线端口,模芯座的内部还装有模芯,而且都有孔位于模芯和模芯座的中心,其作用为通过芯线。依据加压方式种类的不同可将挤出工艺可以分成连续挤出和间歇挤出两大类。以上为该设计的设计理论构想。在本设计中通过前期准备查阅资料,根据设计任务书要求,并且因加工材料的特殊性,初步该设计确定为单螺杆排气式挤出机,并开始准备工作,资料收集整理完成后,设计可行性得到验证,于是开
3、始相关的机件设计工作。设计工作开始后,通过对比新型挤出机,单螺杆挤出机和多螺杆挤出机的技术参数,发现单螺杆排气挤出机,更适用于塑料的加工,随后根据设计指标确定了螺杆的技术参数。进而根据螺杆的参数推算出机筒等相关配件的设计方案,初步完成整体设计方向。整体设计方向完成后,根据产品的技术指标,根据已选定的螺杆对螺槽深度、压缩比、螺纹断面等一系列配件进行设计和论证,并对螺杆设计的长径比、加料段、塑化段等设计进行验证。以上工作完成后,开始第一阶段的设计校核工作,经校核发现整体设计工作合理无误,并开始着手准备第二阶段的设计工作并进行校核与验算,经校核发现设计符合技术指标并符合设计指导书要求,设计完成。总的
4、来说本课题在完成设计说明书要求的前提下,完成了如下内容:(1) 对各种不同类型的挤出机总体结构进了深入的探究(2) 根据设计说明书的主要技术参数设计完成了挤出机的整体结构设计。(3) 运用AutoCAD绘制装配图1张,零件图2张。(4) 本设计运用AutoCAD进行整体结构的设计,可以缩短产品的开发周期,提高产品质量降低成本。 关键词:塑料机械;塑化; 成型加工; 压缩;Abstract The purpose of this design is to design a single-screw plastic extruder, plastic extrusion machines also
5、 belong to one type of plastic machinery. Single screw effective length is generally divided into three sections, according to the screw diameter, screw depth, the effective length of the pitch to determine the three sections, each one-third by the general division. After discharge port last thread
6、started calling transportation section, the material here can not claim plastics, and here is preheated, the real squeeze pressure, the material here is actually a solid plug, can be understood as the material is squeezed here like a child, like a solid, so its function is to complete the transporta
7、tion task. The second stage compression section called, this time by a large spiral groove volume becomes smaller, and the temperature to achieve the degree of plastics materials, produced here by the transportation section of a three compression, where the compression to a, called the screw compres
8、sion ratio - 3: 1, some machines have changed, complete the plastics material into the third. Third is the metering section, where plastics material to maintain the temperature, as accurate as metering pumps, quantitative material conveying melt to supply the nose, then the temperature not lower tha
9、n the plasticizing temperature, generally slightly higher point. Extruder head at an angle and material flow direction according to the center line of the screw can be divided into a crosshead extruder head and angled nose and so on. First, make head bolts that hold the cover on top of the fuselage,
10、 the mandrel holder in the head inside the mold, followed by nuts fixed to the head of the line ports, internal mandrel seat is also equipped with core, and have holes in the center of the mold core and core holder, through its role as the core. Based on the way the different types of pressure can b
11、e extrusion process can be divided into continuous extrusion and intermittent extrusion two categories. Above for the design theory conceived design. In this design, prepared by the early access to information, according to the design task book requirements, and because of the special nature of the
12、work material, designed to determine the initial single-screw vented extruder, and started preparatory work, the data collected after the completion of the design feasibility has been verified, mechanical design work began dependent. After the design work began by comparing the technical parameters
13、of the new extruder, a single screw extruder and a multi-screw extruder, single-screw vented extruder was found more suitable for plastics processing, the screw is then determined in accordance with design specifications technical parameters. And then extrapolated based on the parameters of screw ba
14、rrel and other related accessories design, initially completed the overall design direction. After the completion of the overall design direction, depending on product specifications, according to the selected screw depth of the grooves, the compression ratio, the threaded section and a series of ac
15、cessories for the design and feasibility studies, and the aspect ratio of screw design, feed zone, plastic of the segment, such as design verification. After completion of the above, check the beginning of the first phase of the design work, after checking found that the overall design is correct an
16、d reasonable, and began preparing for the second phase of the design work and checking and checking, after checking found that the design meets the technical indicators guide book and meet the design requirements, the design is complete. Overall this topic at the completion of the design specificati
17、on requirements of the premise, completed the following: (1) for various types of extruders overall structure into the depth inquiry (2) Based on the technical parameters of the design specification of the design is completed the overall design of the extruder. (3) the use of AutoCAD assembly drawin
18、g 1, Fig. 2 parts.(4) The use of AutoCAD design of the overall structure of the design, it can shorten product development cycles, improve product quality and reduce costs.Key words:Plastic Machinery; Plasticizing; Molding Processing; The Compression目 录 第一章绪论 1 1.1 单螺杆挤出机 1 1.1.1 基本操作 1 1.1.2 排气挤出机
19、2 1.1.3 橡胶挤出机 3 1.2多螺杆挤出机 3 1.2.1 双螺杆挤出机 3 1.2.2 多螺杆挤出机 4 1.3 挤出机市场现状与发展趋势 5 第二章挤出机总体方案的确定 7 2.1 挤出机总体布局的基本要求 7 2.2 螺杆类型的确定 7 2.2.1 螺杆的工作性能指标评定 8 2.2.2 螺杆的选用原则 8 2.2.3 螺杆的分类 9 2.2.4 螺杆方案的确定 9 2.3 机筒类型的确定 9 2.3.1 机筒的结构类型 9 2.3.2 机筒方案的确定 12 2.4 本设计整体方案得确定 12 第三章挤出机的整体设计 14 3.1 PE铝塑板的基本特性 14 3.2 产品的设计要
20、求 14 3.3 螺杆设计 14 3.3.1 螺槽深度和压缩比的确定 15 3.3.2 螺距和螺纹升角的确定 21 3.3.3 三段式螺杆长度的确定 21 3.3.4 螺纹断面设计 26 3.3.5 螺杆设计的校核 29 3.3.6 第二阶螺杆各参数的确定 34 结论 37 致谢 39沈阳化工大学科亚学院学士学位论文 第一章绪论第一章绪论1.1单螺杆挤出机螺杆挤出机分为多螺杆挤出机和单螺杆挤出机。单螺杆挤出机为聚合物工业中最重要的一种挤出机。主要优点为设计简单、坚固而可靠、成本较低、以及性价比高。塑化挤出机的螺杆一般具有3个不同的几何段,见下图1-1:图1-1常规挤出机螺杆几何形状这种几何形状
21、被称作“单级”。“单级”是指该类型螺杆尽管有3个不同的几何段,但实际上只有一压缩段,最靠近进料口的第一段螺槽般较深。物料在此段中大都以固体状态存在,因此这一段被称为螺杆的进料段。最靠近模头的最末段螺槽一般较浅。物料在此段中大多以熔融状态存在。此单杆段被称为挤出段或计量段。第二段连接着进料段和计量段。此段称为压缩段或过渡段。1.1.1基本操作单螺杆挤出机的操作及其简便,从加料斗添加物料。通常物料因重力由加料斗向挤出机机筒运动。在干燥状态下部分物料流动性差,为防止部分物料在进料斗中产生挂料必须采用特殊措施。若物料进入机简,即处于机筒和螺杆之间的环状空隙内,并进而被螺棱主动螺腹及被动蝶腹螺槽包围,机
22、简静止同时蝉杆旋转。由此,摩擦力作用于物料以及机筒和螺杆表面。至少低于熔点处于固体状态,这些摩擦力用于向前输送物料。物料向前输送时,即因摩擦生热和机筒加热器散热而被加热。当温度超过物料熔点,将在机筒的内表面形成熔膜,塑化段开始。必须指出的是,塑化段起点通常不是压缩段起始点。由聚合物性能、挤出机的几何形状和操作条件决定各功能段的分界线。因此,分界线会随着操作条件变化而变化。然而,螺杆的几何段由设计定型,不会因操作条件变化而改变。当物料向前运动时,在熔融变化作用下各个位置的固态物料量而减少。当全部固态聚合物熔融时将达到塑化段的末端,熔体输送段开始。在固体输送段中,会把熔体均匀输送给模头。当聚合物进
23、入模头后,即呈现出模头流道的形状,当高聚物离开模头时,其形状和模头流道最后断面形状相对符合。因模头会产生流动阻力,须有压力迫使物料通过模头。该压力通常被称为模头压力。模头压力由模头形状(特别是流道)、通过模头的流率、高聚物熔体温度、以及高聚物熔体的流变特性所决定。模头压力不因挤出机产生而由模头产生。挤出机只产生一定的压力,来使物料通过模头。如果模头、模头温度、挤出量、聚台物均相同,则不论挤出机哪个类别挤出机等都不会造成差异,机头力相同。1.1.2排气挤出机在设计与功能方面排气挤出机同非排气挤出机差别巨大。排气挤出机机筒上有一个或一个以上排气口,挥发物经此逸出。排气挤出机能不间断从聚合物内连续排
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