初中英语中考考点词汇精讲（共20个）.doc

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1、中考英语考点词汇精讲1.prepare forprepare作动词,意为“准备”。其用法归纳如下:（1）prepare sth.意为“准备”,宾语是所准备的内容。例如:Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房准备饭菜。He had a speech to prepare that evening.那天晚上他得准备一个报告。（2）prepare to do sth.表示“准备做某事”。例如:Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared to write to his parents. 他拿出纸,准备给父

2、母写信。He is preparing to go on a trip. 他正准备去旅行。（3）prepare for sth.表示“为做准备”。例如：He is busy preparing with great care for the Congress.他们正忙着精心准备这次代表大会。Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望,做最坏的准备。（4）prepare sth.for.表示“为准备某物”。例如:Please prepare the table for the dinner. 请摆好桌子吃饭。You must prepar

3、e a room for the guest. 你必须为客人准备一个房间。2.hang outhang out是动副结构的短语，意为“闲逛”。例如：I hung out with my friends and took lots of photos.我和朋友们一起闲逛，还拍了许多照片。【拓展】hang的其他搭配：hang about=hang around 闲逛，徘徊，逗留；hang up挂断（电话）；hang on不挂断；hang意为“逗留，悬挂”时，过去式和过去分词都是hung；hang还有“吊死，绞死”的意思，但当hang意为“吊死，绞死”时，其过去式和过去分词都是hanged。例如：T

4、hick clouds hung low and covered the sky.厚厚的云低悬着，遮住了整个天空。He was hanged at Landsberg prison on June 8, 1951.他与1951年6月9日在兰茨贝格监狱被绞死。3.inviteinvite作及物动词，意为“邀请，招待”。常用结构为：invite sb.to do，invite sb.+副词或介词短语，表示“邀请某人做某事, 邀某人去某地”。例如：Theyve invited us to stay for the weekend.他们已邀请我们留下来度周末。Who have you invited

5、to your house for your birthday party?你请了谁到家里来参加你的生日晚会？4.acceptaccept作动词，意为“同意, 承认”。例如：It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。【拓展】receive与accept的辨析：两个词都作动词用，都表示“接受，收到”之意，但在用法上有所不同。receive表示的行为与主观意愿没有关系，着重于行为本身，不涉及收到者是否同意。动作本身有一定的被动性。accept表示的行为由主语的主观意志所决定，强调经过

6、主语的考虑而接受。动作本身是主动的。例如：I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.昨天我收到了他的晚会请柬，但我拒绝接收。5.refuserefuse作动词，意为“拒绝”。常用搭配有：refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 (作为不及物动词）；refuse sb.sth.为某事拒绝某人（作为及物动词）例如：He refused to change his mind.他拒绝改变主意。TheUnited Stateshas refused him a visa.美国拒绝给他发放签

7、证。She refused their invitation.她拒绝了他们的邀请。6.replyreply既可作不及物动词，又可作及物动词，还可作名词。（1）作不及物动词，意为“回答”，可用“reply to(sb./sth.)”表示“对做出回答”。例如：He failed to reply to my question.他没能回答我的问题。What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量，他做何反应?（2）作及物动词时，其意为“回答，回答说”。例如：He replied that this was absolutely impossible

8、.他回复说这是绝对不可能的。She sighed, but didnt reply. 她叹了口气，没有回答。（3）作名词时，意思为“答道，答复”。例如：A few weeks later I received a reply.几个星期后，我收到了她的回信。I called out a challenge, but there was no reply.我提出挑战，但是没人回应。7.withoutwithout是介词，意为“无，没有”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。without构成的介词短语具有否定含义，在句中相当于构成了否定句。例如：I cant do it without your

9、help.没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。He went to school this morning without having breakfast.他今天早上没吃早饭就去上学了。【拓展】without的反义词是with，表示“拥有，带有”。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。Mr.Brown bought a garden with a beautiful lake.布朗先生买了一个带有漂亮湖泊的花园。8.surprisedsurprised 是形容词，意为

10、“吃惊的，感到惊讶的”，句子的主语通常是人。例如：Im surprised at the accident.我对这起事故感到很吃惊。How surprised the students are!学生们是多么吃惊啊！【拓展】（1）surprising也是形容词，意为“吃惊的，令人惊讶的”，常修饰物。例如：He told me something surprising.他告诉我一些令人吃惊的事情。（2）surprise作动词时，意为“使惊奇，使感到意外、吃惊”。例如：What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外？（3）surprise作名词时，意为“吃惊，惊讶”。这种吃惊可能包含着“

11、高兴、害怕或忧虑”。例如：He gave me a surprise by arriving early.他的早到使我大感意外。（4）作名词用时还可构成短语：to ones surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是” in surprise意为“吃惊地”。 例如：To my surprise, he passed the exam.使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。He looked at me in surprise.他吃惊地望着我。9.available（1）available作形容词，意为“现成可使用的，可获得的，便利的，有效的”。例如：Ill send you all the books av

12、ailable.我将把我能得到的书给你寄去。My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired.我的自行车现在不能用, 因为正在修理。The season ticket is available for three months.季票有效期为三个月。（2）available还表示“可会见的,可取得联系的”。例如：The doctor is not available now.医生现在没空。He was not always available to everyone.并不是人人总能找到他10.missmiss为动词，意为“想念，思念”。例

13、如：Ill miss you when you go toCanada.你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。【拓展】（1）miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。例如：I tried to hit the ball but I missed.我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。（2）miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。例如：I missed the football match on TV last night.我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。（3）miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; cant help; give

14、up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如：I dont want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。11.upset（1）upset可作形容词，意为“难过的；失望的；沮丧的”。例如：Dont get so upset.别那么沮丧。After she died I felt very, very upset.她去世之后，我非常非常难过。（2）upset还可作动词，意为“使心烦意乱，使生气”。例如：She warned me not to say anything to upset him.她警告我

15、不要说任何让他不高兴的话。Dont upset yourself, Ida.别自寻烦恼了，艾达。（3）be upset with sb.意为“生某人的气”。例如：She is still upset with me.她还在生我的气。12.adviceadvice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”，不能与不定冠词a 连用。例如：a piece of advice一条建议Let me give you some advice.让我给你一些建议。【拓展】（1）give sb.advice (on）给提（有关）的建议。例如：Can you give me some advice on how

16、 to learn English well?你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？（2）take ones advice 听从某人的建议 例如：Ill take your advice, and do exercise every day.我会听从你的建议，每天锻炼身体。（3）advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advise sb.to do sth.的结构中。例如：He advised me to read English every morning.他建议我每天早晨读英语。13.unless连词unless意为“除非；如果不”， 用来引导条件状语从句，引导条件句时，

17、主要用于下列情况：（1）主句为肯定句。例如：Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want如果我不到城里每一家书店去看看，我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。You will miss the bus unless you hurry up你要不快点就会错过班车。Youll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder如果你不再加把劲，你化学考试还会不及格。（2）主句为否定句。例如：I wouldnt be saying th

18、is unless I were sure of the facts要是我对这些事情没有把握，我就不说这话了。You will never get anywhere unless you have set your goal如果你不设定目标，你哪儿也去不了。14.angryangry是形容词，意为“发怒的；生气的”。例如：My best friend is angry with me.我最好的朋友在生我的气。He got angry at her answer.他对她的答复很生气。【拓展】be / get angry with sb.生某人的气 例如：I am angry with him b

19、ecause he broke the glass.因为他打碎了玻璃杯，所以我生他的气。be / get angry at / about sth.因某事而生气 例如：She got very angry about his laughing at her.因为他嘲笑她，她很生气。15.carefulcareful是形容词，意为“小心的；细致的；精心的；慎重的”。例如：Be careful! There is a truck coming.小心！有辆卡车过来了。Be careful of the traffic.注意交通安全。You should be careful with your mo

20、ney.你花钱要精打细算。【拓展】carefully adv. 小心地；谨慎地careless adj.马虎的；粗心的16.solvesolve 作及物动词，意为“解决；阐明；解答(数学题)”。例如：With the help of his friends, he finally solved the problem.在朋友们的帮助下，他终于解决了问题。She tried to solve a crossword puzzle.她试着解答一道纵横字谜。Whats your problem? Can you solve it by yourself? 你的问题(困难)是什么?你能自己解决吗?17

21、.experience（1）作可数名词，意为“经历，阅历”，常用于词组have / be an experience有/是一次经历。例如：He had many interesting experiences while traveling in North America.他在北美旅行时有许多有趣的经历。（2）作不可数名词，意为“经验，体验”，对应的形容词为experienced有经验的。例如：She is a teacher with rich experience of teaching.她是一位教学经验丰富的老师。Yang Liwei is an experienced pilot.杨

22、利伟是一位有经验的飞行员。（3）作动词，意为“经历，感受”。例如：The child had never experienced kindness.这孩子从未受过善待。He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life.他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。18.elseelse作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用于不定代词后面。（1）常用在much, little, all(=everything)等词后面。Not much else is known.其他的不很清楚。There was little else he cou

23、ld do.他再没有别的什么可做了。We dont know much else about his life.对他生平别的方面我们知道很少。（2）常用在 -one, -body, -thing, -place, -where 结尾的不定代词后面。Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的什么事要做吗?Ask somebody else to help you.请别人帮帮你吧。You cant get it anywhere else.你在任何别的地方都找不到它。He has nothing else to do today.我今天没有别的事要干。（3）常用在who

24、, what, where, how, why 等疑问词后面。Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁?Where else did you go?你还去过什么别的地方?But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?19.in the endin the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally。例如：We won in the end最后，我们取得了胜利。【拓展】(1）by the end of到为止，在以前，常与过去完成时连用。例如：He had finished the work by the end of last m

25、onth上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。(2）at the end of在末尾，在尽头，后既可以接表示时间的名词，也可以接表示地点的名词。The hospital is at the end of the road医院就在路的尽头。例如：He will come to see you at the end of this month这个月底他要来看你。 20.mistakemistake是名词，意为“错误；失误”。例如：His homework is always full of mistakes.他的作业总是错误百出【拓展】make a mistake犯错误by mistake错误地（不是故意做某事） 例如：Its easy to make a mistake.犯错误很容易。I took your bag by mistake.我错拿了你的包。6