上海市闵行区七宝中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中考试英语Word版含解析.docx

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1、高二英语Mid-term练习卷I. Listening Comprehension （ 25 分）1. A. In a bus.B. In a restaurant.C. In a hairdressing shop.D. In a shopping center.2. A. The coffee shop. B. The dining hall.C. The library.D. The dormitory building.3. A. Her credit card. B. Her handbag.C. Her passport.D. Her new shoes.4. A. The man

2、 enjoyed the lecture much.B. The man missed the lecture because of falling sleep.C. The man has attended the lecture and couldnt enjoy it. D. The man couldnt fall asleep when enjoying thelecture.5. A. He thinks its too cold to go out.B. He has no interested in shopping and eating.C. He is satisfied

3、with any choice that the woman makes. D. Its boring for him to talk with the woman.6. A. Its a waste of time reading them.B. Too many false advertisements cheat consumers.C. The advertisement is beneficial to us.D. The advertisement is a two-edged sword.7. A. He feels regretful about it.B. In spite

4、of lacking time to wander, it is colorful.C. Compared with his expectation, it is disappointing. D. He is very satisfied with it.8. A. He couldnt attend her birthday party for the school charity sale.B. He will come to dinner in time next Saturday.C. He wants to invite the woman to the school charit

5、y sale.D. He has no money to buy a birthday gift for the woman.9. A. He thinks the pill is useless for his cough.B. He couldnt find any pill in his home.C. He is complaining to the woman of her bad suggestion.D. He will take some pills right now.10. A. His mom has waited for one hour to talk with hi

6、m.B. He and his mom have nothing to talk about it.D. He rarely talks to his mom for a long time.C. He spends long time chatting on the phone to his mom.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Their price is too high to afford for the poor.B. The local residents can grow veg

7、etables and fruits by themselves.C. They are not nutritious and very hard to prepare.D. They are not pretty enough to be displayed on store shelves.12. A. The company collects pretty fruits and vegetables to earn more money.B The company collects ugly foods and sells them to local residents at a dis

8、count.C. The company thinks that the ugly foods are not as healthy as the fresh foods. 项。【23题详解】考查动词和主谓一致。句意：正如英国斯特拉斯克莱德大学的数学生物学家亚当克莱兹科夫斯基指出 的那样，各种疫苗的供应是有限的，分发是具有挑战性的，免疫力需要几周时间才能形成，它们提供的 保护不是100%。分析句子可知，空格处为一般现在时的谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，points “指出”为 动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：见第3题详解。分析句子可知，空格处为表语成分

9、，表示主语distributing them的特 点和性质，所以应该是形容词，challenging “有挑战性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：他表示，在北半球中，最有可能出现的情况是明年出现第三波covid-19疫情，需要进 一步封锁和限制，时间长达5个月。分析句子可知，空格处为名词，和前面的名词lockdowns一起并列作 宾语,restrictions “限制”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：他在最近的皇家医学学会研讨会上说，但是，如果大量的医疗工作者和易受伤害的 人接种疫苗，死亡率将会降低，医疗系统的压力也会减轻。分析句子可知

10、，空格处为定语，限定修饰后 面的名词people, vulnerable “脆弱的；易感染的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。【27题详解】考查动词和语态。句意：见第6题详解。分析句子可知，空格处为动词的过去分词形式表示被动的结 构，和前面的will be构成被动结构，lessened “减少”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选I项。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：他说：“我很乐观，如果我们能在复活节前恢复精神状态，我们就能坚持下去。”分析句子可知，空格处为表语，表示主语I的状态和态度，0Ptimistic “乐观的”为形容词，符合句意。故 选F项。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：例如，当这本杂

11、志出版的时候，人们普遍猜测在英国流行的SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒的 一种新变种的冲击，这种病毒可能具有更高的传染性。分析句子可知，空格处为介词about的宾语， impact ”影响，冲击”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子可知，空格处为表语成分，表示主语的特点和性质， transmissible “传染性的，可传播的”为形容词,符合句意。故选G项。(B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be

12、 used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. cultivateB. reassuringC. opposingD. objectiveE. confidenceF. evidenceG. perceivedH. functioning I. estimateJ. existingK. scientismWhy Doubt Is Essential To ScienceThe confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it r

13、eally is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) 31 way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans tru

14、st science as long as it does not challenge their 32 beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe? 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say it depends.But doubt in science is a feature, not a

15、 bug. Indeed, science, when properly 33, questions acceptedfacts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions - not certainty. Doubt does not 34 trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without al

16、ways providing solid solutions?As a historian of science, I would argue that its the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 35 as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, t

17、he scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new 36 emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. D

18、oubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as 37-as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process.Scientists understand this, but in the 38 fore between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind39 that is, a

19、belief in the capacity of science to solve allproblems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of 40 in the very existence of truth.【答案】31. D32. J33. H34. A35. G36. F37. B38. C39. K40. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者给大家解释了 “为什么怀疑对科学至关重要”这个问题。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：当我在年初问学生们如何定义科学时，他们中的许多人回答说，这是一种发现世

20、界 确定性的客观方式。分词句子可知，空格处填形容词修饰名词way, objective “客观的”符合题意。故选 D项。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，大多数美国人相信科学，只要它不挑战他们现有的信仰。分析句子可知，空 格处填形容词修饰beliefs。结合语境，existing “现存的”符合题意。故选J项。【33题详解】考查状语从句的省略结构。句意：事实上，科学在正常运转时，会质疑公认的事实，并导致新知识和新 问题一一而不是确定性。分析句子可知，两个逗号中间的内容是状语从句的省略结构，修饰主语scienceo function作为动词，意为“起作用，运转”，和science构成主动关系

21、，用它的现在分词形式。故 选H项。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：怀疑不能培养信任，也无助于公众的理解。从空格前面的doesnt可知，空格处填动词 原形。再结合句意，“培养信任”这个搭配是对的，cultivate “培养”。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：作为一名科学史学家，我认为科学家和科学史学家有责任证明，科学的真正力量恰恰 在于人们通常认为它的弱点：它质疑和挑战可能的解释的动力，科学方法要求在实验或观察中出现新的 证据时，改变我们对自然世界的理解。此句中what引导的从句做介词in的宾语。what指的是被人们认为 是弱点的东西。perceive含义是“认为，感知”符合题意。故选G项

22、。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：科学方法要求在实验或观察中出现新的证据时，改变我们对自然世界的理解。在 whenever引导的从句中，此空做主语，一般考虑名词。结合句意“新证据出现“，evidence “证据”符合 题意。故选F项。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：确定性，就像看上去像他们看起来的一样令人安心，实际上阻碍了科学过程。as.as 结构中用形容词的原级。结合句意，“确定性，似乎看起来是令人安心的，reassuring “令人安心的” 符合题意。故选B项。【38题详解】考查动名词。句意：科学家们理解这一点，但在公众和科学之间的对立中，有两个重要的陷阱。此空在 介词in后面，填名词或者动

23、名词。结合语境，opposing “对立”符合语境。故选C项。【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：一种是盲目的科学主义，即相信科学有能力解决所有问题。此空做a form of的宾语， 应填入名词，结合后面的 “a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems” 可知，scientism “科学主 义”符合语境。故选K项。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：另一种是一种相对主义，它是由于对真理的存在缺乏信心而产生的。此空应填入名 词。做alack of的宾语。结合前一句内容“相信科学有能力解决所有问题”可知，另一种就是对科学缺乏 信心,co

24、nfidence “信心”符合语境。故选E项。111. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15 分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Unwrapping your shopping to find you have bought mouldy （发霉

25、的）bread, rotten fruit and sour milk could soon become a thing of the past, thanks to the range of emerging active packaging1 technologies. While traditional packaging simply 41 a barrier that protects food, active packaging can do a lot more. Some materials42 with the product to improve it in some w

26、ay, or provide better information on the state it is in.43 、they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentiallydangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures.One of the new breed of packaging technologies that have just

27、 gone on the market in France is a time temperature indicator Stores where the product has already been introduced report that far fewer consumers are returning 44 food. The indicator is basically a label that 45 the temperature a package has been kept at and for how long. The label has a dark ring

28、around a lighter circle. The central ring contains a chemical which polymerises （聚合）,changing colour as it does so from 46 to dark. If the package stays cool, the reaction is slow, but increasing the temperature speeds up the polymerization. When the inner circle darkens, it means the product is no

29、longer 47 fresh.Smart packaging can also control the 48 of the atmosphere inside a container. For instance, the makeup of oxygen （02） and carbon dioxide （CO2） within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness. This canbe hard to control in a sealed package, since vegetables 49 more oxygen an

30、d give off more carbon dioxide as the package gets warmer. A firm in California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls 6Intelimer, which changes its permeability （渗透）as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different produces at their best O2/CO2 50.Decay can also be 51 by cont

31、rolling the environment inside a package with an oxygen scavengerC青除齐lj）.52、this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package一 any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidises. However, consumers dont 53 finding small bags marked Dont eat in their food, s

32、o a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen. The 54includes an inner layer of an oxidisable polymer （聚合物）that traps oxygenin the same way as iron.It is predicted that between 20 and 40 per cent of all food packaging will soon be41. A. acts as42. A. interweave43. A. Even so

33、44. A. broken45. A. elevates46. A. neutral47. A. guaranteed48. A. composition49. A. generate50. A. components51. A. taken on52. A. Theoretically53. A. resist54. A. metal55. A. effective【答案】41.A42. CD 52. D 53. CB. belongs toB. matchB. For instanceB. inadequateB. lowersB. plainB. observedB. contextB.

34、 consumeB. concentrationsB. sped upB. ApparentlyB. mindB. formB. productive43. B 44. C54. D 55. CC. deals withC. interactC. In consequenceC. spoiltC. projectsC. clearC. purchasedC. temperatureC. affectC. mixturesC. turned awayC. SurprisinglyC. favorC. powderC. active45. D 46. C 47. A55.D. relies onD

35、. interfereD. Whats moreD. unnecessaryD. tracksD. cloudyD. recognizedD. tightnessD. integrateD. restrictionsD. slowed downD. CurrentlyD. protestD. materialD. inviting48. A 49. B 50. B 51.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款可以让食物保持新鲜的新型活性包装技术”时间温度指示 器”，介绍了其工作原理。【41题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统包装只是起到保护食品的屏障作用，而活性包装可以做得更多。A.

36、acts as 起作用、充当；B. belongs to 属于；C. deals with 处理；D. relies on 依靠。由本处的While traditionalpackaging simply a barrier that protects food”和常识可知，传统包装起保护食品的作用。故选A 项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些材料与产品相互作用，以某种方式改进产品，或提供有关产品状态的更 好信息。A.interweave交织;B. match匹配；C.interact相互作用；D. interfere干涉。由下文的“to improve it in some way

37、, or provide better information on the state it is in ” 可知，此处在讲新型活性包装技 术，要想以新的方式改进产品，提供更好的服务，那么传统包装是不行的，只能材料和产品相互作用， 产生一种新型包装。故选C项。【43题详解】考查固定搭配辨析。句意：例如，它们可能会在包装内吸收氧气，以帮助防止食物变质，或者显示像红 肉和鸡肉这样拥有潜在（变质的）危险食品是否储存在不安全的温度下。A. Even so即便如此；B. For instance 例如；C. In consequence 因此；D. Whats more 更重要的是。由上文的 “to

38、improve it in some way, or provide better information on the state it is in ” 和下文的 “ they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentially dangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures可知，上文讲新型活性包装技术可以更好的保护食品，下文对“新型活性包装技术

39、 的作用”进行举例说明。故选B项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已经推出该产品的商店报告说，退回变质食品的消费者要少得多。A.broken破碎的；B. inadequate不充分的；C.spoilt变质的;D. unnecessary不需要的。由本处的ureturning4 food-可知，消费者肯定是把“变质的”食品退回商店。故选C项。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：指示器基本上是一个标签，用于跟踪包装的温度和保存时间。A. elevates评 价；B. lowers 降低；C. projects 计戈lj； D. tracks 跟踪。由上文的 “a time tempera

40、ture indicator” 和下文的 “ the temperature a package has been kept at the and how long”可知，在产品包装上放上“时间温度指示器”，是为了跟踪包装的温度和保存时间（以便提供有关产品状态的更好信息）。故选D项。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中心环含有一种可以聚合的化学物质，在聚合过程中颜色会从透明变暗。A. neutral中立的;B.plain坦诚的;A clear清晰的;D.cloudy多云的。由上文的“The label has a darkring around a lighter circle.和本处的

41、 uchanging colour as it does so from6to dark v可知，指示器是一个周围有较亮圆圈的深色环，说明指示器的颜色会由明到暗，此处谈及颜色的变化，应该是由清晰变 暗淡。故选C项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当内圈变暗时，意味着产品不再保证新鲜。A. guaranteed保证；B. observed观 察；C. purchased 购买；D. recognized 认出。由上文的 “The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle.?和 本处的uthe product is no longer 7,f

42、resh,司,知，指示器的颜色会由明到暗，如果指示器颜色变暗，说明产品不再保证新鲜。故选A项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:智能包装还可以控制容器内的气体成分。A. composition成分；B.context语 境；C. temperature 温度；D. tightness 紧张。由下文的“ oxygen (02) and carbon dioxide (CO2) ” 和California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls Intelimer, which changes its penneabilit

43、y (渗 透)as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different produces at their best O2/CO2 10,“可知，力口利福尼亚州一家公司研发的名为“Intelimer”的包装物可以使不同的产品保持最佳的O2/CO2浓度，说明 智能包装还可以控制容器内的气体成分。故选A项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这在密封包装中很难控制，因为随着包装温度的升高，蔬菜消耗更多的氧 气,释放更多的二氧化碳。A. generate引起；B. consume消耗；C.affect影响；D.integrate整合。由本处

44、的“ give off more carbon dioxide”可知，只有消耗氧气，才会释放二氧化碳。故选B项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：加利福尼亚州的一家公司正试图用一种被称为“Intelimer”的包装物来解决这 个问题，这种包装物随着温度的变化而改变其渗透性，从而使不同的产品保持最佳的O2/CO2浓度。A. components 成分；B. concentrations 浓度；C. mixtures 混合物；D. restrictions 限制。由上文的the makeup of oxygen (02) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within pack

45、aged vegetables will influence their freshness. This can be hard to control in a sealed package” 和 uCalifornia is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls “ntelimer可知，传统密封包装很难控制包装中的氧气和二氧化碳成分组成(因而很难使食品保鲜)，而 新型包装能解决这个问题，控制氧气和二氧化碳的浓度(使食品保鲜)。故选B项。51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过使用“氧气清除剂”控制包装内的环境，也可以减缓衰变。

46、A.takenon承 担；B. sped up加速；C.turned away拒绝进入；D.slowed down减速。由常识和本处的“bycontrolling the environment inside a package with an oxygen scavenger，(清除剂)”可知， 东西会氧化， 就会 腐坏变质，如果清除包装内的氧气，衰变（Decay）就会减缓。故选D项。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前，这是通过在包装中放置一个装满铁粉的小袋子来实现的一一当铁氧化 时，包装中的任何氧气都会被铁消耗掉。A. Theoretically理论上地；B. Apparently

47、明显地；C. Surprisingly 惊讶地；D. Currently 目前。由下文的 “this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package - any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidises ” 可矢口， 清除包装内的氧气， 目前 通过包装中放置一个装满铁粉的小袋子实现了。故选D项。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，消费者不喜欢发现标有“不要在食物中进食”的小袋子，因此新泽西 州的一家公司正在制

48、造一种自身消耗氧气的包装。A. resist抵制;B.mind介意;C. favor喜欢；D. protest 抗议 o 由下文的 “ so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen ” 可知，新泽西 州的一家公司正在制造一种自身消耗氧气的包装，说明标有“不要在食物中进食”的铁粉小袋子不受欢 迎，消费者不喜欢。故选C项。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该材料包括可氧化聚合物的内层，这种可氧化聚合物以与铁相同的方式捕获 氧。A.metal 金属；B. form 形式；C. powder 粉末；D. material 材料。由下文的 “ an inner layer of an oxidisable polymer”可知，此处讲这种材料的构成。故