2023年托福阅读话题分类超详细知识汇总全面汇总归纳.pdf

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1、托福阅读话题分类汇总 2 作者：日期：托福阅读话题分类汇总 托福阅读话题分类汇总 一、生命科学类 具体涉及话题 核心词汇 蚂蚁生存 5000 万年的原因 Predatory eusocial insect/predator/specialization/cooperation/forage for food/defend the nest/nest intruder/larva/labor category/caste/termite/solitary ant 蚂蚁信息素 Pheromones(chemical signals)/fire ant/aggregation/solitary an

2、t/colony odor/identify intruder/colony integrity/alarm pheromone/scurry/mark its trails/ergate/soldier/queen ant 蚂蚁间交流 Forage/lay a trail/migration/stinger to/trail pheromone/leafcutter/evaporate pheromone/receptor/antenna 蜜蜂沟通 Honey bee/Worker bee/Social/Scout/Scent/Pollen dance 蝴蝶多样性 Variety/Categ

3、ory/Diversity Richness/Distribution Tropical and temperate regions 始祖鸟 Flying vertebrate/reptile/pterosaur/lizard/fossile/wingspan/ancestor/quarry/link between dinosaur and bird 人工孵化 Aviculturist/incubation/parrot/temperature/humidity/gradient/hatch/evaporate/artificial incubation/laboratory conditi

4、on/viability/survivability/insulator 鸟类换毛 Molt/Feather/Wear out Outermost/Innermost 鸟类欺骗战术 Deception strategy/ground-nesting/trick/predator/several ploy/emit/mimic/incubate/broken-wing display/flop 鸟类在岩壁上筑巢 Nesting on cliff/mate/lay/rear/raven/predator/relaxation of the defence/gull/kittiwake 鸟类迁徙 M

5、igrate/Predict/Artificial sun/Real sun/Guide/Star/Inner clock 鸟的鸣叫 Twitter/Parents/Predator/Higher frequency/Gene 浮游生物繁盛期与石油 Mesozoic ear/Cretaceous period/plankton/float/precipitate/silica/Calcium carbonate/sediment/deposit/accumulate/remain/calcium carbonate-secreting/amass/prolific/bury/petroleum

6、 北美雀鳝 Wetland region/needlelike teeth/snout/slender/alligator gar/adept/fast sideways snap/jaw/stealthy approach/marsh/aquatic habitat/prehistoric/swimming bladder 鳟鱼 Predator/Gravel/Celsius degree/Survival environment 鱼类体液渗透平衡 Body fluid/Gill/Permeate/Balance/Solute/Urine 海豚的智慧 Dolphin/Intellective

7、 动物的意识与认知能力 Animal behaviorist/anticipate/coordinate/consciousness/honeybee/nectar/figure-eight pattern/hive/intelligence/cognition/otter/rudimentary tool/chimpanzee/summing ability 动物哺育下一代 Calve/marsupial/spiny anteater/placental mammal/offspring/descendant/reptile/crocodile/caterpillar/paralyze/ve

8、nom/store/larva/parental care/forage/shield/survive 动物使用工具 Primate/chimpanzee/ants and termites/anvil/hammer/modify/twig/strip/probe hole/woodpecker finch/cactus spine/prey/beak/anemone/octopus/forest-dwelling primate/intruder 动物保温机制 Thermoregulation/Blubber/Bladder/Metabolic 生物钟Biological clock/Bat

9、/Nightly animal 规律 动物拟态行为 Mimesis/Camouflage/Predator 食草动物 摄食行为 Vegetarian/Stern/Leaves/Ruminate 蝙蝠和寄生虫 Bat/Gregarious/Parasite/Beneficial 动物捕食最优化 Predator/Prey/Optimize 史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝 Subsist/hunter/gatherer/Pleistocene epoch/paleontologist/prehistoric/mass extinction/overhunting/mammoth/giant grou

10、nd sloth/giant bison/direct competition/demise/carnivore/predator/survive 物种灭绝 Extinct/perish/ecological change/temperature/demise/dinosaur/plankton in the ocean/periodic extinction/intersection/Earths orbit/comet/eliminate/adapt/evolutionary 动物体型进化 Body size/Limit/Reproduce/Special adaptation 物种适应性

11、 Biological diversity/ecosystem/fragility/fringe marine ecosystem/habitat destruction/irreversible/mass extinction/physical event/climatic/cosmic/die out/demolish/biological devastation/adaptation 菌类 Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/ce

12、llulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/antibiotics/penicillin 苔藓 Lichen/hardiest/framework/fungus/alga/stagnant/photosynthese/dormant/dew/ultraviolet ray/stain/lichen colony/offspring/encounter/stalk-like bud 北美郁金香 Tulip/Holland/cultivation/tenuous line/colonize/carnation/settler/tul

13、ip bulb/grumble/tulip entrepreneur/salesperson/nostalgic longing/homesick 植物的积极防御和消极防御 Symbiotic specy/mechanism/performed/passive/inducible/active/toxic/deterrent/immune system/vertebrate 为何树冠内小动物少 Canopy/twig/mammal/warm blooded/gap/tree crown 松鼠与橡树 Naturalist/ecologist/squirrel/acorn/disperse/scu

14、rry/pesky seed predator/regeneration/dispersal/seed maturity/germination/spread/reproduce/pry off/discard/litter 动植物间的互利与共生 Symbiosis/Pollination/Fungus/Symbiotic 生命起源 Putrefy/microscopically/bacteria/microorganism/spontaneous generation/hypothetical/chemist/microbiologist/Pasteur/guncotton filter/a

15、lcohol/ether/solid particle/microscope slide/mold/singe-celled/microbial cell/postulate/deposit/glass flask/teem with/proponent/swan-neck flask/sterilize 菌类 Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/org

16、anic matter/antibiotics/penicillin 物种适应性 Biological diversity/Ecosystem/Fragility/Habitat destruction/mass extinction/Climatic/Biological devastation/Adaptation 物种分类方法 Monad/Fungus/Algae 二、欧美历史类 1、城市历史 费城 Agricultural hinterland/Colonial city/Occasional trade/Eradicate/Prosper/Economic and demograph

17、ic growth 洛杉矶 Inhabitant/Migrant/Irrigation/Aqueduct/Decentralized/Landscape/Suburb/Urban 伦敦 Roman conquest of Britain/Capital of the world/Metropolitan area/Multi-cultural/Financial exports 城市化 Industrialization/Agricultural revolution/Transportation Construction/Urbanization/Skyscraper 2、农业历史 农民 A

18、grarian movement/Morality/Infrastructure/Canal Frontier land/Industrialization/Urbanization 美国水利建设 Drought/Dam/Reservoir/Hydroelectric power/Irrigation 新英格兰农业发展 Bean/Squash/Pumpkin/Soil fertility/Exploitative Sustainable 水稻种植 Moisture/Flourish/Plow/Transplant 3、原住民及其文明 移民与原住民融合 Scandinavian/Autonomy

19、/Gender division/Cultivation Horticulture/Log cabin/Frontier 美国东南部居民 Cultivate/Louisiana/Alabama/Georgia/Florida Rocky Mountain/Mississippian/descendant 印第安人 Gender difference/Spiritual/Preserve/Collision Representative 印加文明 Inca Empire/Pre-Columbian America/Highland Reorganization/Cult/Peru 4、行业历史

20、工作时间变化 Anthropologist/Pre-industrial society/Industrial Revolution Depression years of the 1930s/Adjustment 北美殖民地时期工匠 Artisan/Carpenter/Weaver/Fabricate Artificial light/Shortcut 华盛顿早期报纸 Event/Neutral in politics/Religious/Territory Graphic/Illustration/Opinion/Sensationalism 美国报纸采用气象图 Weather map/P

21、ublisher/Distributor/Inaugurate Cloud-cover photos/Pictorial 经济发展史 Economic phenomena/Statistic methods Demographic history 工具机械化生产 Mechanization/Physical requirements Manual labor/Automation/Steam powered lathe 5、经济发展与工业革命 工业革命 Agriculture/Manufacturing/Transportation/Industrialization manual labor

22、-based economy/Steam power 农业经济转向工业经济 Artisan/Industrialization/capital-intensive labor-intensive/raw material/specialization 6、历史事件 人类发现美洲大陆 Pre-Columbian/Post-Columbian/Indigenous peoples Native Americans/Ancient ruins /Evidence 英美代表制 Colony/Representative community Heritage/Election rights/mandat

23、e 7、其他文明及其历史 中东地区矿产与文明发展 Middle-Ease Region/Ore/Mineral/Apprentice/Centralization/Prosperous 斯巴达与雅典社会对比 Ancient Greece/Sparta/Athens/Assembly Obedience and war/Warriors/Birthplace of democracy 中国 Centralization/The Yellow River floods Silt/Drought/Great Wall/Military Demand/Authorize 日本 Origination/

24、Southeast Asia/Korea influence Distinct Characteristics/Archeology discovery 三、自然科学类 1、土壤 土壤构成（老）Particles/Clay/Sediment/Sieve 微量元素 Minerals/Organic farming/Chemical fertilizer/Vitamin 土壤区 Soil-region/Humid/Arid/Annual precipitation/Acidic/Alkaline 土壤构成（新）Mechanic formation/Biochemical formation Che

25、mical formation/Acid rain 2、岩石 岩石与全球冰河期 Varve/Layer/Deposit/Glacial 岩石 Deposit of clay/Elements/Compounds/Oxides silica 岩石年代鉴定 Hardness of the rock/Mudstone/Sediment 矿石 Mineral/Abundant mineral /Scarce mineral 3、冰川 冰川形成 Glacier/Snowflack/Cementation/Crystallization/Temperate glacier 绿色冰川 Illusion/Mi

26、neral/Organic compound/The Arctic Circle 4、海洋 海洋保护区 Marine sanctuaries Program/Sanctuary status/Habitat degradation/Overexploitation 19 世纪海洋学 Oceanography/Map of seabed/Ocean current 海水正蓝 Reflective/Penetrate/Ripple/Particles 海洋能源 Wave energy/generator/Tidal energy/mill grains Thermal energy/power p

27、lant 5、地理现象 加州死亡谷 Death Valley/chemically corrosive nature/Wedge/Evaporation/Shatter 上升地形 Terrain/Uplift/Crust/Pressure 火山喷发 Volcano eruption monitoring/Dormant/Seismic activity/Thermal monitoring /Infrared radiometry/Gas emission 城市热岛效应 High urban temperatures/Minimize evaporation /Trap heat air/Wa

28、ste heat 6、能源 石油 Formation/Compression/Ancient organic materials/Exploitation/Oil field 天然气 Low density/Compressible/Pollution Greenhouse effect 7、地球 热量转换 Latitude/Equator/semi-tropical/temperate zone/frigid zone/ocean current/latent heat 地球大气 Atmosphere/Hydrogen/Carbon dioxide/Oxygen/Volcano erupti

29、on 天气预测 Weather forecast/Computer model/Accuracy/Marginal effect Observation 板块学说 Continental drift Plate tectonic theory Heat energy/Continental margins 8、其他天体 彗星 Comet/Nucleus/Halleys comet/Dust particle 月球 Terrain/Maria/Terrace/Crater 木星 Jupiter/Atmosphere/Great red spot/Hurricane/Primeval heat 金星大气 Venus/Carbon dioxide/Nitrogen/surface pressure/sulfuric acid 两类行星 Terrestrial planet/Jovian planet/Density Atmosphere escape velocity 扫描二维码限时获取免费视频课程。来源于：时代焦点