2023年中考英语二轮复习：完形解题技巧及方法.pdf

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1、2 0 2 3年中考英语二轮复习：完形解题技巧及方法I.Introduction口.Presentation（重点，难点，考点，热点呈现）中考完形填空解题技巧一、要善于树I四个选项的设置特点来进行选择要想做好完形填空题必须始终注意对文章的理解和注意上下文的呼应，这是完形填空题的做题原则。绝大多数完形填空题，只看单个的句子，有时所提供的四个选项从语法角度来看都讲得通，但是在具体的语篇中只能有一个正确答案。因此看一空做一空的做法是不可取的，必须从语篇的角度来考虑所选答案。做题时一定要联系上下文，从字里行间寻找隐藏信息，同时要善于根据四个选项的设置特点来进行选择：1.所给选项是不同的名词，则要根据上

2、下文的意思来判断要用哪一个名词的什么形式或者是否涉及固定搭配等来考虑；2.所给选项是形容词、副词，则要根据上下文的意思或者其在句中的作用来确定，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词和形容词；3.所给选项是同一动词的不同形式，则要考虑空白处要求用什么时态、语态或哪种非谓语动词形式；4.所给选项是不同的动词，考查的是语境中动词的用法及意义，这时要从h下文来判断或者从固定搭配方面来考虑；5.所给选项是连词，可以从上下文的意思、连词的用法（含义）以及习惯搭配A手进行选择,and表并列,but 表转折，because,so,therefore 表因果，though,although 表让步；6.所给选项是代词，

3、则要从上下文的指代关系以及代词的用法来考虑。7.另外要注意一些固定句型的完整；所选答案应该和上下文和结构上都吻合；局部服从整体，应从短文的整体内容出发，二、A-t M1.重语境完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。2.重实词完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。3.重首句通常不设

4、选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。如果设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息的捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。4.重快速领悟文章主旨的能力完形填空题的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。需要考生期试空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性。一般说来大都是均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定词数，留出一个空格，不连续设空。关系过于密切时，只设一个选项。如果两个相互依存，关系密切的单词或短语都设为选项，就会形成错一个等于

5、错两个，对一个等于对两个的现象。5.重对文章的整体把握能力对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示，对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群的整体文意的把握。6.重 考 韶 滁 干 扰、完形词义的能力完形填空题中干扰项的干扰，一般与语法结构无太大关系，重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。解题技巧一小试身手1 .Mr Black is a doctor,he works in t he.2.A nurse not only works 2 the day*but also woiks during the.3.He is rather

6、 busy,so he has time to have lunch al home.4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can this test.5,The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired happy.方 法 一：主谓一致判断法在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，启动此必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。我们在做完形填空题时，会经常遇到要靠主谓一致判断法来确定选项的情况。寻找其 规 律，大致可分为三个原则：即

7、语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近原则。A short time ago,a test given in the United States.The results showed that if aperson a right breakfast,he or she will work better than he or she who has nobreakfast.1.A.is B.are C.was D.were2.A.eat B.eats C.eating D.ateAs a reporter,I think I will meet lots of people and I should b

8、e friendly to them.I think Ill also makemany good 25 and live with them,because I donrt like living alone.25.A.friend B.friends C.Friends D.Friends5方法 二：固定句式判断法固定句式，就是英语中一些常见的固定句型，像：there b e 举行；notuntil句 型；Ittakes/took sb.+金钱/时间+to do sth.句 型；Its+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth,句型；too.to句型等。记住并灵活运用这些固定句式，在做

9、完型填空时是很有用的，可以轻松快速帮助我们排除一些干扰因素，更快、更准的选择答案。Everyone needs friends.We all like to feel closer to someone.is nice to have a friendto talk,laugh and do things with.l.A.It B.He C.There D.Someone方法三：上下文暗示法上下文暗示法分为上文语境暗示法和下文语境暗示两种。在做完型填空是，我们会经常遇到此类题目，若无上下文的提示，我们根本无法做出正确的选择；但是我们可以根据上下文的一些提示性的引导词判断上下文和空格部分的关系

10、，从而做出正确的选择。Mark Twain,a famous American writer,was once traveling in France.He went by train toDijon.He was very tired and wanted t o.He asked the conductor to wake him up when thetrain got to Dijon.But first he said he was a heavy sleeper.l.A.read B.write C.drink D.sleepIn New York,on a Friday nigh

11、t,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his1 6.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came tothe same place,and played the violin as usual.16.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.saxOnce a king was walking around a pool with h

12、is ministers（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.Heasked,“How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?”as big as the pool,there is one basket ofwater,41.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.apples方法四：逻辑推理法逻辑推理法也叫语境推测法，是我们在做完形填空题时使用的十分重要的方法之一。完型填空是一篇有完整内容的文章，各行各段之间有着逻辑上的必然联系。在所提供的选项中，有的从语法角度是正确的，从语义上考虑就会自相矛盾

13、，出现不合逻辑的现象。这时应从文章和句子入手，对语法无误的几个选项通过分析对比，选出最符合上下文内在联系的答案。When you wave a friend you are using sign（手势）languages.When you smile at someone.youmean to b e.Wh e n you put one finger in front of y o u r,y o u meanBc quiet.95Yet,people in different countries may use different sign languages.Once an Englis

14、h-man wasItaly.He could speak a little Italian.One day while he was walking in the street,he felt andwent into a restaurant.1.A.wellB.friendlyC.fineD.careful2.A.eyesB.legsC.mouthD.head3.A.hungryB.tiredC.coldD.illWhen we talked,I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.

15、Forexample,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little 44 than that in China.We usually haveforty-five minutes in each class.44.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterMy mother often asked me,“Whal is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was veryimportant to us as huinans,so

16、 I said.uMy 17,M om m y.”She said,No.Many people are deaf,17.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.head方法五：词义辨析法词义辨析法考查的面广，该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点；在完型填空中出现这一类题目，如果要求做到准确选择，必须在一定的语境或句子中理解，这种考查方式和辨析也是目前完形填空题在中考中考查的一个重点和趋势，所以这一方法是我们必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查，如名词、介词、代词、动词、形容词等。In England,people dont like very much.You can go on a

17、bus,on a train,andpeople just sit looking the windows.Often they read.They read books and newspapers.Butthey dont talk.1 .A.laughingB.going outC.talkingD.playing2.A.orB.andC.eitherD.but3.A.fromB.throughC.atD.out of方法六：固定搭配法固定句型和短语搭配不仅是学习的难点，也是完型填空测试的重点。固定搭配形式较多，有名词短语搭配、动词短语搭配、介词短语搭配等，这些固定搭配都是语言在长期的发

18、展和演变过程中形成的，是语言的精华，我们只有在平时学习中认真积累，做题时才能得心应手。做这类题时，不需要特别的分析，就能锁定正确的答案。From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying,but in the evening andweekends they are free an d themselves.Some watch TV or go to the movies;others takepart sports.This is decided by their own interests.1.A.love B.w

19、ork C.enjoy D.play2.A.at B.with C.on D.inWhen two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in orderto make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking*48.A.for B.of C.with D.toIn the morning,the king went to visit the pond.

20、To his suiprise,the pond was only filled with water!Whathappened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.48.A.with B.to C.as D.of注意：1.注重首、尾句。2 .克服畏难、急躁情绪，耐心通读全文。3.切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4.动笔时先易后难，注意从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5.如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从语篇（前提示、后暗示）意义上加以鉴别中考链接：Today,I was sitting on

21、a bench（长椅）at a subway station,eating candies.A woman came andsat next to me.She looked very 36.I said hello to her and 37 her some of my candies.She 38politely because she had just eaten something and she was 39.But the ice was broken and we 40for about half an hour.She told me some 41 things in he

22、r life.I understood her.But I tried to 42her to notice the good sides.And then she promised that she would often smile and feel hopefulabout 43.When we said goodbye,she was a 44 person 一 Her tiredness seemed to be gone.Sheleft with a 45,thanking me for talking with her.A few minutes later,I saw a bl

23、ind man coming.He walked 46 with a stick in his right hand.Iwent to him and asked if I could help him and he agreed.47 I walked on his left side so that hecould catch my arm.We walked into the train and talked all the way to his 48 He gave me hisname card before getting off the train,and I promised

24、to 49 him.I will and maybe we will meetand walk in the park one day.Today I brought smiles and an enjoyable 50 to two people,and for sure they also made my daybrighter.36.A.excitedB.relaxedC.happyD.tired37.A.boughtB.offeredC.leftD.lent38.A.refusedB.receivedC.agreedD.answered39.A.hungryB.luckyC.fullD

25、.healthy40.A.talkedB.waitedC.discussedD.sat41.A.goodB.unhappyC.strange D.great42.A.allowB.expectC.helpD.make43.A.lifeB.workC.familyD.train44.A.badB.cuteC.different D.difficult45.A.ticketB.cardC.giftD.smile46.47.A.quicklyA.But B.B.slowlyOr C.AlsoC.quietlyD.SoD.suddenly48.A.classroom B.house C.office

26、D.station49.A.call B.thank C.forget D.teach50.A.story B.time C.meeting D.partyBrian sat outside his house.He really wanted a new bike for 31 His bike was fiveyears old.The seat was up as high as it would go,and his 32 were still too long for hisbike.A new one cost$110,but all he had was$33.67.Where

27、could he get the rest of the33?Brian did a lot of 34.His birthday was still five month away.Maybe he coulddo more housework to make more.Maybe his sister 35 lend him the money.She has36 a lot from baby-sitting.While he was thinking,the phone rang.Mrs.Timmons 37 had got out again.Sheasked Brian if he

28、 could 38 it for her.Brian said he would be 39 to do that.After catching the cat,he 40 it to Mrs.Timmons.She was so 41 that shehanded Brian two dollars.Brian thanked Mrs.Timmons,but told her she didnt have to pay him.Then Brian had a(n)42.He would set up a pet 43.He could take care ofpeoples pets wh

29、en they were 44.In his neighborhood there were at least 12 dogs,a fewcats,and even some fish.Brian would have a new bike 45!B31.A.his birthdayB.the New yearC.ChristmasD.Thanksgiving32.A.hairB.handsC.earsD.legs33.A.bikeB.moneyC.workD.time34.A.thinkingB.houseworkC.walkingD.research35.A.shouldB.needC.w

30、ouldD.must36.A.borrowedB.savedC.wastedD.spent37.A.catB.fishC.dogD.rabbit38.A.wait forB.feedC.look afterD.find39.A.kindB.happyC.angryD.afraid40.A.returnedB.soldC.postedD.left41.A.excitedB.interestedC.helpfulD.thankful42.A.questionB.suggestionC.ideaD.secret43.A.shopB.serviceC.hospitalD.school44.A.inB.

31、deadC.awayD.old45.A.in no timeB.for a long timeC.all the timeD.fbr the first timeIt was the last day of school and Alonzo was on the bus.He knew his mother would soon askhim if he wanted to go to summer camp.He started to 16 about last years summer camp.He remembered arriving and how scared he was.H

32、e did not know 17,and had notbeen away from home before.He remembered 18 if anyone else felt the same way.All theother children 19 to know someone.As he unpacked his clothes,his 20 came in.His name was Jack and it was his secondyear.Jack unpacked his clothes and then ran out to meet his friends 21 s

33、aying hello toAlonzo.Alonzo remembered how 22 he felt that first day of camp.He 23 out a book andsat on his bed.At last he could read a book for something to do.He began reading,24 hekept hearing the boys playing outside.Finally Jack came back inside and introduced 25.“Hello,said Alonzo 26.Tm 27 I d

34、idnt say hello before,9,said Jack.44I saw a friend outside and went to talk to“Thats okay,said Alonzo,feeling better.“Sodid you bring a baseball?I like to play baseball,but 28 to bring one!said Jack.Actually I did!said Alonzo,and they ran outside to play in the 29 sun.Thinking of those,Alonzo smiled

35、 and felt his world full of sunshine.He couldnt 30 toarrive home.16.A.talkB.thinkC.readD.tell17.A.anyoneB.someoneC.somethingD.nothing18.A.thinkingB.believingC.knowingD.wondering19.A.usedB.likedC.seemedD.hoped20.A.motherB.friendC.teacherD.roommate21.A.onB.byC.withD.without22.A.lovelyB.lonelyC.helpful

36、D.wonderful23.A.putB.pushedC.pulledD.carried24.A.andB.orC.butD.so25.A.himselfB.herselfC.itselfD.yourself26.A.sadlyB.luckilyC.shylyD.angrily27.A.sorryB.gladC.proudD.afraid28.A.wishB.haveC.forgetD.remember29.A.springB.summerC.autumnD.winter30.A.hopeB.waitC.planD.want(B)Tom,eleven years old,was in bed

37、in hospital.Several days ago,while he was playingbaseball,he 16 and his head hit the ground.The doctors believed that he might never getwell.“He seems to have given up 17 So medicine wont work.Perhaps he needs somethingelse,said one of the doctors,When I visit Tom,all he 18 says is that he would lik

38、e to meetBabe Ruth.To meet Babe Ruth,of course,was almost 19 Babe Ruth was the mostfaomous baseball player in the States and he was very busy.The next day Toms father managed to tell Babe Ruth about the 20 of Tom on thephone.Twenty-four hours later,as Tom was lying in his hospital room,Babe Ruth wal

39、ked in.Young Tom couldnt 21 it really was Babe.Babe Ruth sat down at Toms bed and said,“Now listen,kid,youve got to get 22 Ivebrought you a new American League baseball.You must start throwing it.”Toms father just stayed there,saying nothing.His eyes were full of 23 the greatman.For Tom,this was the

40、 24 of a new life,once he thought he would never be saved.Tothe surprise of his doctors,young Tom walked out of the hospital on his own feet a few weekslater.He was able to live a healthy life all 25 the help of Babe Ruth.16.A.fellB.shoutedC.shot17.A.dreamB.hopeC.belief18.A.alreadyB.almostC.still19.

41、A.possibleB.impossibleC.helpful20.A.storyB.accidentC.action21.A.believeB.doubtC.understand22.A.happyB.wellC.active23.A.respect forB.excitement ofC.satisfaction with24.A.endingB.beginningC.opening25.A.toB.withoutC.because ofThere was once a poor woman with only one son.One day,she asked her son if th

42、ere wasanything he wanted.The boy said he wanted a 31.The mother left for the market,feelingvery sad,32 she did not have enough money 32 a drum.On the way home,she 34 apiece of wood and gave 35 to her son to play with.36 that day,the boy went outside to play.Along the road,he saw an old woman37.The

43、old woman was trying to start a fire to cook some food,38 she didnt have anywood.Hearing this,the boy gave his piece of wood.The woman gave him a piece of bread shemade.Then,further down the road,the boy 39 a tailors（裁缝）wife and her crying child.Theboy asked her what was wrong.The woman said she had

44、 no food to give her 40 child.Theboy gave the woman the piece of 41,and she gave him a new coat.The boy walked on.Next the boy saw a man 42 had no shirt.The man said he had been robbed（抢劫）onhis way home.The robbers had taken all things:his money,his shirt 43 his horse,the boygave the man his new coa

45、t.The man was 44 happy that he gave the boy his horse.Finally,on his way home,the boy met a 45 of people going to a weeding.There weremusicians,the bridegroom（新郎），and his family.Everyone looked 46.The bridegroomsfather said,“We are 47 for a horse.If it doesnt come soon,we will be late for the weddin

46、g”.The boy gave them his 48.The group asked the boy 49 they could give him,and hereplied,t4A drum.So,the musicians gave him their drum.The boy ran home to tell his motherhow he had at last gotten the drum he had wanted.His mother thought for a while then told him that helping others is helping 50.31

47、.A.coat B.bread C.drum D.horse32.A.unless B.and C.so D.because33.A.to buy B.buying C.buy D.bought34.A.found outB.foundC.looked forD.see35.A.itB.themC.itselfD.themselves36.A.LaterB.AgoC.BeforeD.Until37.A.smileB.smilingC.cryingD.to cry38.A.butB.ifC.onceD.because39.A.metB.askedC.visitD.stopped40.A.full

48、B.hungryC.happyD.lost41.A.woodB.meatC.paperD.bread42.A.whoseB.whoC.whatD.where43.A.besidesB.exceptC.andD.with44.A.suchB.soC.veryD.too45.A.setB.pairC.groupD.many46.A.happyB.happilyC.worriedD.sadly47.A.waitedB.hopedC.wantedD.waiting48.A.breadB.drumC.shirtD.horse49.A.howB.whenC.whatD.who50.A.youB.thems

49、elvesC.themBD.ourselvesMy great-grand mother,Winifred Hastings,got rich in a mining（采矿）town out West.Buther 46 didnt come from gold or silver,but from soup,steak,apple pie,and good coffee.In the early 1900s,Winifred arrived in Silver City with her husband.But he caught a feverand died suddenly.With

50、the little money she had,Winifred decided to open a practical restaurantto 47 all the hungry miners in town.The restaurant had only wooden boxes for tables,but business was very good 48The miners 49 that Winifred was a great cook,50 they ate in her restaurantevery day.One time,Winifred had a small a