2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练09代词讲练.pdf

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1、专题0 9代词备考2 0 2 3 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测-讲练目录一 命题解读二 命题预测三 主要考点四 代词的分类五 不定代词的区别六 易混易错点七 即时练一练【命题解读】代词是历年高考的常考点。分析多年来的高考真题不难看出，对代词的考查主要集中在语法填空的空格题和短文改错中。不过，在七选五和完形填空中，人称代词也常常以上下文的形式，对答案给出重要提示。今年高考代词在短文改错中出现失分率上升的现象，分析原因主要在于学生忽略上下文逻辑意思的关联性。【命题预测】预计2023年高考中代词依旧以语法填空和短文改错的形式出现。但是，命题者会更加注重学生们在特定语言环境中对代词的把握，例如上下文人称是

2、否一致，单复数是否一致等。【主要考点】1.人称代词；2,物主代词；3.反身代词；4.疑问代词;关系代词4.易混不定代词5.it的用法。2022年真题视角】1.（2022 年全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at theceremony,o p e n i n g（it）first exhibition:The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of PuerTea.2.（2022 年全国乙卷）On the 1,100 kilometer journey,the ma

3、n Cao Shengkang,_62_lost hiseyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.【答案】1.its 2.who考点一代词的分类代词分为九大类，分别是：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关 系 代词、不定代 词、相互代 词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。知识点1人称代词;物主代词;反身代词人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数1memyminemyself复数weu

4、souroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfItItItsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves知识点2疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定普通one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/muc

5、h,few/little/a few/a little,other/another,all/both,neither/either代词不定代词复合不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everyone,no one/none,someone,anyone相互代词each other,one another(1)人称代词的主格形式用来做主语；宾格形式做宾语(2)of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine(myfathers)我(

6、我父亲的)朋友中的一 1。(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，ones own.=.of ones ownc(4)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb by the arm,be wounded in the lego(5)常见的一些含反身代词的固定搭配：behave oneself 举止良好seat oneself 坐下来devote oneself to 专心于come to oneself 苏醒过来dress o n eself自己穿衣；穿着，打扮help oneself t o 随便吃，随便用by oneself 独自地for oneself 亲自enjoy o

7、neself玩得愉快You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.(宾语)你不应把孩子独自留在家里。I am not myself today.（表语）我今天不舒服。注意：使用反身代词时，其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用，否则使用人称代词。知 识 点 3指示代词this,that,these,those的用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用What I want to

8、say is this:you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。（注意）same也是常见的指示代词，注意前面要有定冠词the。注意：人称代词主要作主语和宾语，高考多考查上下文人称代词的不一致。考点二易混不定代词的区别1.one,ones,the one,the ones,those,it,that 的区别one代指可数名词，单数，泛指ones代指可数名词，复数，泛指the one代指可数名词，单数，特指the ones代指可数名词，复数，特指that代指不可数名词或可数名词单数或相当于th

9、e onethose代指可数名词，复数，特指（=the ones）it上文中所提到的同一个事物The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一趟。His own experience was different from that of his friends.他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。I love spring一it is a wonderful time of the year.我喜欢春天这是一年中一段美妙的时节。The books on the desk are better th

10、an those/the ones under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。2.the other,other,another,others 的区别the otherthe other指两者中的另一个，常 与one连用，构 成one the other”一个另一个工作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的“otherother不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另 外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式，表示“另外的（多少）”others单独使用，表

11、示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常 与some一起出现；特指其他的全部人或事物时用the othersRecycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is another.回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。3.either,both,neither,all,none,any 的区另ijeither肯定意义表示两者中的一个，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数both肯定意义表示两者都，作主语时，谓语动词用复数neither否定意义表示两者都不，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数all肯定意义表示三者或三者以上都，作主语时，谓语动词的

12、人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致none否定表示三者或三者以上都不，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可意义用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数any肯定意义表示三者中的任意一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与。f 连用Fve lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much.我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。4.none,no one 与 nothing 的区别(l)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。(2

13、)nothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词what引起的问句。(3)noone/nobody指代人，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词who引起的问句。I was going to offer you some cakes,but there is none left.我本打算请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩下。5.each与 every的区别(l)each强调“个体”，指“(两者或两者以上人或物中的)每个“，可与of短语搭配。(2)every强调“整体”，指“整体中的每一个，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配。Each of the boys wants to have a tr

14、y.The boys each want to have a try.每个男孩都想试试。Every mother loves her children dearly.每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。6.不定代词的部分否定与全部否定(l)no one,none,nobody,nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。None of us was going to the party.我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。(2)当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all,both,everyone,everybody,everything等以及“every+名词”的句子中时，不管not在它们之前

15、还是之后都表示部分否定。Not all of them smoke.AH of them dont smoke.他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。Not everyone likes music.并不是所有的人都喜欢音乐。7.不定代词用于习惯搭配中nothing but仅仅，只是anything but 决不something o f 有几分，略微or something诸如此类的人或物all b u t几乎，差不多 every other day每隔一天each other（两者）互相one another.（三者或三者以上）互相one the other（两者中）一个.另一个.some othe

16、rs.一些.另一些.考点三易错易混点-代词“格”的误用【误】It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.IE It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.分析 介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语，故 I 改为me。二 代 词 单 复“数”的误用【误】The students must be made to understand how important ea

17、ch subject is to him.IE The students must be made to understand how important each subject is tothem.分析 指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them,故 him改为themo三 代 词 词“性”的误用【误】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried about herhusbands whereabouts.【正】She rushed to pick up the phone when i

18、t rang because she was worried about herhusbands whereabouts.分析 根据语境可知，担忧丈夫的是主语sh e,故 he改为she。四反身代词与人称代词的误用或称谓指代误用(1)【误】He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town.IE He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town.分析 根据语境可知，which指代a deep voice,故此处

19、不能用反身代词。(2)【误】Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself.IE Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.分析 根据语境可知，每个人 与你自己 并非同一人称的指代。everyone的反身代词应为不知男女的第三人称，故将yourself改为himself or herselfo五物主代词的误用【误】We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.【正】We took our fishing poles and

20、 headed for the lake.分析 修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词，故 ours改为our。注意 造成以上错误的原因是对常见代词的用法掌握不牢。应加强对考点一的学习。另外，平时学习特别是写作时要格外留心此方面的知识。六 功能词让的缺失和替代词的误用(1)【误】We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the trafficrules.【正】We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the dang

21、er of breaking the trafficrules.分析 此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware o f.充当形式宾语，故think后要加it。句意：我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。(2)【误】As you would expect,Chinas Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.【正】As you would expect,Chinas Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.

22、分析 让特指同一事物，that特指单数同类事物，根据语境可知it应改为that。句意:正如你预想的，中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。注意 让是高频考点，除了要掌握让的基本用法外，还应多记忆和让有关的词组、句式及特殊用法。即时练一练I.单句填空1 .(2022 年全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at theceremony,o p e n i n g(i t)first exhibition:The Avenue of Truth-A Special Exhibition of Pu*erTea.

23、2.(2021 年全国 I 卷)As the song goes,this long and winding road“will never disappear”,and itwill always stick in the visitors memory.It sure does i n(I).3.(2021 全国乙卷)Ecotourism ha s(i t)origin with the environmental movement of the1970s.4.(2021 年浙江卷 6 月)She was extremely pretty,and her house was a refle

24、ction o f(s h e),everything in good taste and in perfect order.5.Running is cheap,easy and its always energetic.If you are time poor,you need run for only halfthe time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give a try.6.This actor often has the first two tricks planned bef

25、ore performing,and then goes for(what).7.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than(that)who are not.8.By that time,the panda no longer n e e d e d(it)m o th e r fbr food.9.A few hours earlier,Id been at home in Hong Kong,w i t h(i t)choking smog.lO.The gi

26、rl was sitting on the chair quietly,b u r y i n g(s h e)in the magazine in thehands.1 l.My father k e p t(h i m)word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I wonthe contest.12.1 wish to thank Mr.Smith,and w i t h o u t(h e)help I would never have got this far.13.She thought I had h u r

27、 t(I),“says Pahlsson.14 There is a door at end of the corridor.15.The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained anyuseful suggestions.16.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so lets have one this month.17.He raised one arm and t hen.18.Swimming is my favorite

28、 sport.There is like swimming as a means of keeping fit.19.Helping others is a h a b i t,y o u can learn even at an early age.20.(2020 年山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and im a g in e(th e y)living at a different time in history or walking through a

29、rainforest.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】l.its 2.mine 3.its 4.herself 5.it 6.whatever 7.those 8.its 9.its10.herself 1 l.his 12.his 13.myself 14.either 15.neither 16.another 17.the other18.nothing 19.one 2O.themselvesI I.语篇填空用单词的适当形式完成短文(浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测)A comics exhibition_56_(launch)in Sydney on We

30、dnesday,offering glimpses of thecity of Chengdu,capital of southwest China s Sichuan Province,and the Chinese animationindustry.The_57_(fascinate)Comics 2022-Chengdu Excellent Cartoon and Animation WorksExhibition,co-hosted by the China Cultural Center in Sydney and Chengdu Municipal Bureauof Cultur

31、e,Broadcast-TV and Tourism,_58_(present)more than 80 original artworksfrom Chengdu.Through different types of artistic_59_(approach),the exhibitionshowcased posters of Chinese animated productions and original selections_60_(feature)Chengdu s culture,food and landmarks,such as panda,hotpot and theWe

32、st Pearl Tower.Many artists also shared their _61_(enthusiastic)for Chinesemythology,literature and martial arts in their designs.Chengdu is known as _62_ capital of animation in China.Many artists andproduction houses are committed _63_ integrating traditional Chinese culture withmodern art,_64_ de

33、velops products with original IP,said Xiao Xiayong,director of theChina Cultural Center in Sydney.As 2022 coincides with the 100th anniversary of Chineseanimation development,the exhibition will become a platform where both countries can be65(mutual)supportive and improve the animation industry toge

34、ther.【答案】56Waslaunched 57.fascinating 58.presented 59.approaches 60.featuring 61.enthusiasm 62.the 63.to 64.which 65.mutually【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。周三，一场漫画展在悉尼开幕，让人们得以一睹中国西南部四川省省会成都市和中国动漫产业的风采。由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画2022-成都优秀动漫作品展”展出了来自成都的8 0多件原创作品。56.考查时态语态。句意：周三，一场漫画展在悉尼开幕，让人们得以一睹中国西南部四川省省会成都市和中国动漫产业

35、的风采。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文on Wednesday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was launched。57.考查形容词。句意：由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画2022-成都优秀动漫作品展”展出了来自成都的8 0多件原创作品。修饰后文名词短语Comics 2022-Chengdu Excellent Cartoon and Animation Works Exhibition 应用-ing 结尾形容词 fascinating,作定语。故填 fascinating。58.考查时态。句意：由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办

36、的“漫画2022-成都优秀动漫作品展”展出了来自成都的8 0多件原创作品。作谓语，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填presentedo59.考查名词的数。句意：通过不同的艺术方式，展览展示了中国动画作品的海报和原创选择，展示了成都的文化、美食和标志性建筑，如熊猫、火锅和西明珠塔。approach为可数名词，由different types of修饰应用复数形式。故填approaches。60.考查非谓语动词。句意：通过不同的艺术方式，展览展示了中国动画作品的海报和原创选择，展示了成都的文化、美食和标志性建筑，如熊猫、火锅和西明珠塔。分析句子结构可知feature与逻辑主语exhibiti

37、on构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填featuhng。61.考查名词。句意：许多艺术家也在他们的设计中分享了他们对中国神话、文学和武术的热情。作宾语，应用名词enthusiasm,不可数。故填enthusiasm。62.考查冠词。句意：成都是中国著名的“动漫之都”。capital此处为特指应用定冠词。故填 the。63.考查介词。句意：许多艺术家和制作公司致力于将中国传统文化与现代艺术相结合，开发具有原创IP的产品。短语be committed to表 示“致力于“。故填to。64.考查定语从句。句意：许多艺术家和制作公司致力于将中国传统文化与现代艺术相结合，开发具有原创IP的产品。分析

38、句子结构可知非限制性定语从句修饰句子，从句缺少主语，故用 which。故填 which。65.考查副词。句意：2022年恰逢中国动漫发展100周年，本届动漫展将成为两国相互支持、共同提升动漫产业的平台。修饰形容词应用副词mutually,作状语。故填mutually。2.(浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)Wealth _36_(start)with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy.There are lessons in that time-honored co

39、in-savings container.When 37(reduce)tobaby steps,any huge task at last seems easier.If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for aspecial occasion,to collect the$15,000 cost,$3.93 a day has to_ 38(save)a day.When I was a child,my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that,if I wanted so

40、mething,I should save money to buy 39.We associate piggy banks with children,40 in many countries,the little containers are also popular with adults._ 41一(Europe)see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth._42_(original)you had to break the bank to get to the money,bringing in a sense ofse

41、riousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving,large quantities ofinformation about saving 43(be)also to be updated for adults.Think about suchthings in life 44 require large amounts of money-college education,weddings,and cars.So when you have money,take off the top 10

42、%,put it_ 45_,save and invest wisely.【答案】36.starts 37.reduced 38.be saved 39.it 40 but/while 41.Europeans 42.Originally 43.are 44.as 45.Aside【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了储蓄罐策略。作者告诉人们要学会储蓄，积少成多，最终才能拥有财富。37.考查动词时态。句意：财富始于一个目标，一次节省一美元。分析句子，本句为一般现在时，start是句子的谓语，主语是抽象名词wealth,所以谓语用单数。故填starts。38.考查非谓语动词。句意：当被简化到一步一步的时

43、候，任何巨大的任务最终似乎都会变得更容易。when引导状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，则可以省略从句主语，而且当从句主语与谓语是被动关系的时候，省略主语和b e 动词，保留谓语的过去分词形式。本题中从句谓语reduce与句子any huge task是被动关系。故填reduced038.考查不定式的被动。句意：如果你想在十年后为一个特殊的场合进行一次真正美好的旅行，那就攒够15000美元的费用，也就是一天必须节省3.93美元。根据句意，不定式tosave与其逻辑主语$3.93 a day是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动。故填be saved。39.考查代词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我

44、父母给了我一个存钱罐，教我如果我想要什么东西，我应该存钱去买。buy是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，根据句意，空格内容指代something,故填 it。40.考查连词。句意：我们把存钱罐和孩子联系起来，但是在许多国家，这个小容器也很受成年人的欢迎。根据句意，前后句子是转折关系，也可以理解成前后情况对比比较。均符合题意。故填but/while。41.考查名词。句意：欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。根据句意，这里指欧洲人，放在句首，且根据谓语动词可知用复数形式。故填Europeans。42.考查副词。句意：最初，你必须打破储蓄罐才能拿到钱，这给储蓄带来了一种严肃感。根据句意，空格作状语，所以用

45、副词且放在句首。故填Originally。43.考查主谓一致。句意：虽然存钱罐教会孩子们储蓄的智慧，但大量有关储蓄的信息也要为成年人更新。分析句子，当 large quantities of这样的形式作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数（与其中名词的数无关），且句子是一般现在时，故填are。44.考查定语从句。句意：想想生活中需要大量金钱的事情大学教育、婚礼和汽车。在限制性定语从句中，先行词被so,as,such,the same修饰时，关系代词只能用as,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。分析句子，先行词things有 such修饰，故填as。45.考查固定搭配。句意：所以，当你有钱的时候，把 前 10%去掉，放在一边，存钱，明智地投资。根据句意，put aside 把.放在一边；把 留待以后使用”符合题意。故填aside。