管理会计英文版课后习题答案.pdf

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1、第二章产品成本计算Exercises2-1（指教材上的第2章练习第1题，下同）1.Part#72APart#172CSteel*$12.00$18.00Setup cost*6.006.00Total$_18.00$24.00*($1.00 X 12;$1.00 X 18)*($60,000/10,000)Steel cost is assigned by calculating a cost per ounce and thenmultiplying this by the ounces used by each part:Cost per ounce=$3,000,000/3,000,00

2、0 ounces=$1.00 per ounceSetup cost is assigned by calculating the cost per setup and thendividing this by the number of units in each batch(there are 20setups per year):Cost per setup=$1,200,000/20=$60,0002.The cost of steel is assigned through the driver tracing using thenumber of ounces of steel,a

3、nd the cost of the setups is assignedthrough driver tracing also using number of setups as the driver.3.The assumption underlying number of setups as the driver is thateach part uses an equal amount of setup time.Since Part#72A usesdouble the setup time of Part#172C,it makes sense to assign setupcos

4、ts based on setup time instead of number of setups.Thisillustrates the importance of identifying drivers that reflect the trueunderlying consumption pattern.Using setup hours(40 x 10)+(20 x10),we get the following rate per hour:Cost per setup hour=$1,200,000/600=$2,000 per hourThe cost per unit is o

5、btained by dividing each parts total setup costsby the number of units:Part#72A=($2,000 x 400)/100,000=$8.00Part#172C=($2,000 x 200)/100,000=$4.00Thus,Part#72A has its unit cost increased by$2.00,while Part#172C has its unit cost decreased by$2.00.problems2-51.Nursing hours required per year:4 x 24

6、hours x 364 days*=34,944Note:364 days=7 days x 52 weeksNumber of nurses=34,944 hrs./2,000 hrs.per nurse=17.472Annual nursing cost=(17 x$45,000)+$22,500=$787,500Cost per patient day=$787,500/10,000 days=$78.75 per day(for either type of patient)2.Nursing hours act as the driver.If intensive care uses

7、 half of thehours and normal care the other half,then 50 percent of the cost isassigned to each patient category.Thus,the cost per patient day bypatient category is as follows:Intensive care=$393,750*72,000 days=$196.88 per dayNormal care=$393,750/8,000 days=$49.22 per day*$525,000/2=$262,500The cos

8、t assignment reflects the actual usage of the nursingresource and,thus,should be more accurate.Patient days would beaccurate only if intensive care patients used the same nursing hoursper day as normal care patients.3.The salary of the nurse assigned only to intensive care is a directlytraceable cos

9、t.To assign the other nursing costs,the hours ofadditional usage would need to be measured.Thus,both directtracing and driver tracing would be used to assign nursing costs forthis new setting.2-6Statement of Cost ofServices SoldFor the Year Ended June 30,2006Direct materials:.Beginninginventory.$300

10、,000.Add:Purchases 600,Materials available$900,Less:Endinginventory.450,000*Direct materials used.$450,000Direct labor.12,000,(Overh ead.1,500,0(Total service costs added.$13,950,(Add:Beginning work in process.900,000Total production costs.$14,850,(Less:Ending work in process.1,500,0(Cost of service

11、s sold.$13.350.(*Materials available less materials used2.The dominant cost is direct labor(presumably the salaries of the 100professionals).Although labor is the major cost of providing manyservices,it is not always the case.For example,the dominant costfor some medical services may be overhead(e.g

12、.,CAT scans).Insome services,the dominant cost may be materials(e.g.,funeralservices).Bella Obra CompanyIncome StatementFor the Year Ended June 30,2006Sales.$21,000,(Cost of services sold.13,350,(Gross margin.$7,650,0(Less operating expenses:.Selling expenses$900,.Administrativeexpenses.750,000.1,65

13、0,000Income before income taxes.1 6.000.0(4.Services have four attributes that are not possessed by tangibleproducts:(1)intangibility,(2)perishability,(3)inseparability,and(4)heterogeneity.Intangibility means that the buyers of services cannotsee,feel,hear,or taste a service before it is bought Peri

14、shabilitymeans that services cannot be stored.This property affects thecomputation in Requirement 1.Inability to store services means thatthere will never be any finished goods inventories,thus making thecost of services produced equivalent to cost of services sold.Inseparability simply means that p

15、roviders and buyers of servicesmust be in direct contact for an exchange to take place.Heterogeneity refers to the greater chance for variation in theperformance of services than in the production of tangible products.2-71.Direct materials:Magazine(5,000 x$0.40)$2,000Brochure(10,000 x$0.08)800$2,800

16、Direct labor:Magazine(5,000/20)x$10$2,500Brochure(10,000/100)x$101,0003,500Manufacturing overhead:Rent$1,400Depreciation($40,000/20,000)x 350*700Setups600Insurance140Power3503,190Cost of goods manufactured$9.490*Production is 20 units per printing hour for magazines and 100units per printing hour fo

17、r brochures,yielding monthly machinehours of 350(5,000/20)+(10,000/100).This is also monthly laborhours,as machine labor only operates the presses.2.Direct materialsDirect laborTotal prime costsMagazine:Direct materialsDirect laborTotal prime costsBrochure:Direct materialsDirect laborTotal prime cos

18、ts$2,8003,500$6.300$2,0002,500$4.500$8001,000$1.800Direct tracing was used to assign prime costs to the two products.3.Total monthly conversion cost:Direct laborOverheadTotal$3,5003.190$6.690Magazine:Direct laborOverhead:Power($1 x 250)Depreciation($2 x 250)Setups(2/3 x$600)Rent and insurance($4.40

19、x 250 DLH)*TotalBrochure:Direct laborOverhead:Power($1 x 100)Depreciation($2 x 100)Setups(1/3 x$600)Rent and insurance($4.40 x 100 DLH)*Total$2,500$2505004001,100 2,250$4.750$1,000$100200200440 940$1.940*Rent and insurance cannot be traced to each product so the costsare assigned using direct labor

20、hours:$1,540/350 DLH=$4.40 perdirect labor hour.The other overhead costs are traced according totheir usage.Depreciation and power are assigned by using machinehours(250 for magazines and 100 for brochures):$350/350=$1.00per machine hour for power and$40,000/20,000=$2.00 per machinehour for deprecia

21、tion.Setups are assigned according to the timerequired.Since magazines use twice as much time,they receivetwice the cost:Letting X=the proportion of setup time used forbrochures,2X+X=1 implies a cost assignment ratio of 2/3 formagazines and 1/3 for brochures.Exercises3-11.ResourceTotal CostUnit Cost

22、Plastic1$10,800$0,027Direct labor andvariable overhead28,0000.020Mold sets320,0000.050Other facility costs410,0000.025Total$48.800$0.12210.90 x$0.03 x 400,000=$10,800;$10,800/400,000=$0,0272$0.02 x 400,000=$8,000;$8,000/400,000=$0.023$5,000 x 4 quarters=$20,000;$20,000/400,000=$0.054$10,000;$10,000/

23、400,000=$0,0252.Plastic,direct labor,and variable overhead are flexible resources;molds and other facility costs are committed resources.The cost ofplastic,direct labor,and variable overhead are strictly variable.Thecost of the molds is fixed for the particular action figure beingproduced;it is a st

24、ep cost for the production of action figures ingeneral.Other facility costs are strictly fixed.3-3High(1,400,$7,950);Low(700,$5,150)V=($7,950-$5,150)/(1,400-700)=$2,800/700=$4 per oil changeF=$5,150-$4(700)=$5,150-$2,800=$2,350Cost=$2,350+$4(oil changes)Predicted cost for January=$2,350+$4(1,000)=$6

25、,350problems1.High(1,700,$21,000);Low(700,$15,000)V=(Y2-Y1)/(X2-X1)=($21,000-$15,000)/(1,700-700)=$6 per receiving orderF=Y2-VX2=$21,000-($6)(1,700)=$10,800Y=$10,800+$6X2.Output of spreadsheet regression routine with number of receivingorders as the independent variable:Constant 4512.98701298698Std.

26、Err.of Y Est.3456.24317476605R Squared 0.633710482694768No.of 10ObservationsDegrees of 8FreedomX Coefficient(s)13.3766233766234Std.Err.of Coef.3.59557461331427V=$13.38 per receiving order(rounded)F=$4,513(rounded)Y=$4,513+$13.38XR2=0.634,or 63.4%Receiving orders explain about 63.4 percent of the var

27、iability inreceiving cost,providing evidence that Tracys choice of a costdriver is reasonable.However,other drivers may need to beconsidered because 63.4 percent may not be strong enough to justifythe use of only receiving orders.3.Regression with pounds of material as the independent variable:Const

28、ant5632.28109733183Std.Err.of Y Est.2390.10628259277R Squared0.824833789433823No.of10ObservationsDegrees of8FreedomX Coefficient(s)0.0449642991356633Std.Err.of Coef.0.0073259640055344V=$0,045 per pound of material delivered(rounded)F=$5,632(rounded)Y=$5,632+$0.045XR2=0.825,or 82.5%Pounds of material

29、 delivered explains about 82.5 percent of thevariability in receiving cost.This is a better result than that of thereceiving orders and should convince Tracy to try multipleregression.4.Regression routine with pounds of material and number ofreceiving orders as the independent variables:Vi=$0,033 pe

30、r pound of material delivered(rounded)ConstantStd.Err.of Y Est.R SquaredNo.ofObservationsDegrees ofFreedom752.1040729256311350.462869734430.951068418023306107X Coefficient(s)Std.Err.of Coef.0.03338831510969150.004955248411983687.147028652693951.68182916088492V2=$7,147 per receiving order(rounded)F=$

31、752(rounded)Y=$752+$0.033a+$7.147bR2=0.95,or 95%Multiple regression with both variables explains 95 percent of thevariability in receiving cost.This is the best result.5-2Job#57Job#58Job#59Balance,7/1$22,450$0$0Direct materials12,9009,90035,350Direct labor20,0006,50013,000Applied overhead:Power75060

32、03,600Material handling1,5003006,000Purchasing2501,000250Total cost$57.850$18.300$58.2002.Ending balance in Work in Process=Job#58=$18,3003.Ending balance in Finished Goods=Job#59=$58,2004.Cost of Goods Sold=Job#57=$57,850problems5-31.Overhead rate=$180/$900=0.20 or 20%of direct labor dollars.(This

33、rate was calculated using information from the Ladan job;however,the Myron and Coe jobs would give the same answer.)LadanMvronCoeWalkerWillisBeginning WIP$1,730$1,180$2,500$0$0Direct materials400150260800760Direct labor800900650350900Applied overhead160180130_70180Total$3.090$2.410$3.540$1.220$1.840

34、Note:This is just one way of setting up the job-order cost sheets.You might prefer to keep the detail on the materials,labor,andoverhead in beginning inventory costs.3.Since the Ladan and Myron jobs were completed,the others muststill be in process.Therefore,the ending balance in Work in Processis t

35、he sum of the costs of the Coe,Walker,and Willis jobs.CoeWalkerWillisEnding Work in Process$3,5401,2201,840$6.600Cost of Goods Sold=Ladan job+Myron job=$3,090+$2,410=$5,5004.Naman CompanyIncome StatementFor the Month Ended June 30,20XXSales(1.5 x$5,500).$8,250Cost of goods sold.5,500Gross margin.$2,

36、750Marketing and administrative expenses.1.200Operating income.$1.5505-201.Overhead rate=$470,000/50,000=$9.40 per MHr2.Department A:$250,000/40,000=$6.25 per MHrDepartment B:$220,000/10,000=$22.00 per MHrJob#73Plantwide:70 x$9.40=$658Departmental:20 x$6.25$125.0050 x$22 1,100.00$1.225.00Job#7470 x$

37、9.40=$65850 x$6.25$312.5020 x$22 440.00$752.50Department B appears to be more overhead intensive,so jobsspending more time in Department B ought to receive moreoverhead.Thus,departmental rates provide more accuracy.4.Plantwide rate:$250,000/40,000=$6.25Department B:$62,500/10,000=$6.25Job#73 Job#74P

38、lantwide:70 x$6.25=$437.50 70 x$6.25=$437.50Departmental:20 x$6.25$125.0050 x$6.25 312.50$437.5050 x$6.2520 x$6.25$312.50125.00$437.50Assuming that machine hours is a good cost driver,the departmentalrates reveal that overhead consumption is the same in eachdepartment.In this case,there is no need f

39、or departmental rates,anda plantwide rate is sufficient.5-41.Overhead rate=$470,000/50,000=$9.40 per MHr2.Department A:$250,000/40,000=$6.25 per MHrDepartment B:$220,000/10,000=$22.00 per MHrJob#73Plantwide:70 x$9.40=$658Departmental:20 x$6.25$125.0050 x$22 1,100.00$1.225.00Job#7470 x$9.40=$65850 x$

40、6.25$312.5020 x$22 440.00$752.50Department B appears to be more overhead intensive,so jobsspending more time in Department B ought to receive moreoverhead.Thus,departmental rates provide more accuracy.4.Plantwide rate:$250,000/40,000=$6.25Department B:$62,500/10,000=$6.25Job#73Job#74Plantwide:70 x$6

41、.25=$437.5070 x$6.25=$437.50Departmental:20 x$6.25$125.0050 x$6.25$312.5050 x$6.25 312.5020 x$6.25 125.00$437.50$437.50Assuming that machine hours is a good cost driver,the departmentalrates reveal that overhead consumption is the same in eachdepartment.In this case,there is no need for departmental

42、 rates,anda plantwide rate is sufficient.5-51.Last years unit-based overhead rate=$50,000/10,000=$5This years unit-based overhead rate=$100,000/10,000=$10Last YearThis YearBike cost:2x$20$40$403x$123636Overhead:5 x$5255x$1050Total$101$126Price last year=$101 x 1.40=$141.40/dayPrice this year=$126 x

43、1.40=$176.40/dayThis is a$35 increase over last year,nearly a 25 percent increase.Nodoubt the Carsons are not pleased and would consider lookingaround for other recreational possibilities.Purchasing rate=$30,000/10,000=$3 per purchase orderPower rate=$20,000/50,000=$0.40 per kilowatt hourMaintenance

44、 rate=$6,000/600=$10 per maintenance hourOther rate=$44,000/22,000=$2 per DLHBike RentalPicnic CaterinaPurchasing$3 x 7,000$21,000$3 x 3,000$9,000Power$0.40 x 5,0002,000$0.40 x 45,00018,000Maintenance$1 Ox 5005,000$10 x 1001,000Other$2 x 11,00022,00022,000Total overhead$50.000$50.0003.This years bik

45、e rental overhead rate=$50,000/10,000=$5Carson rental cost=(2 x$20)+(3 x$12)+(5 x$5)=$101Price=1.4 x$101=$141.40/day4.Catering rate=$50,000/11,000=$4.55*per DLHCost of Estes job:*RoundedBike rental rate(2 x$7.50)$15.00Bike conversion cost(2 x$5.00)10.00Catering materials12.00Catering conversion(1 x$

46、4.55)4.55Total cost$41.555.The use of ABC gives Mountain View Rentals a better idea of thetypes and costs of activities that are used in their business.AddingLevel 4 bikes will increase the use of the most expensive activities,meaning that the rental rate will no longer be an average of$5 perrental

47、day.Mountain View Rentals might need to set a Level 4 pricebased on the increased cost of both the bike and conversion cost.分步成本法6-11.CuttingSewingDepartmentPackagingDepartmentDepartmentDirect materials$5,400$900$225Direct labor1501,800900Applied overheadTransferred-in cost:7503,600900From cuttingFr

48、om sewing6,30012,600Total manufacturing cost$6.300$12.600$14.625a.Work in Process-Sewing.6,300Work in Process-Cutting.6,300b.Work in Process-Packaging.12,600Work in ProcessSewing.12,600c.Finished Goods.14,625Work in ProcessPackaging.14,625Unit cost=$14,625/600=$24.38*per pair6-21.Units transferred o

49、ut:27,000+33,000-16,200=43,8002.Units started and completed:43,800-27,000=16,8003.Physical flow schedule:Units in beginning work in process27,000Units started during the period33,000Total units to account for60.000Units started and completed16,800Units completed from beginning work in process27,000U

50、nits in ending work in process16,200Total units accounted for60.0004.Equivalent units of production:MaterialsConversionUnits completed43,80043,800Add:Units in ending work in process:(16,200 x 100%)16,200(16,200 x25%)_4,050Equivalent units of output60.00047.8506-31.Physical flow schedule:Units to acc