人教版八年级下册英语短语+语法总结.docx
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1、Unit1 Whats the matter?短语lie down 躺下see a dentist 看牙医go to a doctor 看医生get an X-ray 拍X 片take ones temperature 量体温all weekend 整个周末take breaks / take a break 休息without thinking twice没多想get off下车take sb. to the hospital 带某人去医院wait for 等待to ones surprise 使.惊讶的;出乎.意料thanks to 多亏,由于in time及 时 on time按时thi
2、nk about 考虑have a heart problem 有心脑病right away 立即,马上gen into陷入;参与do the right thingfall down 摔倒,跌倒put . on sth. 把放在某物上get hit 被打击get sunburned 被晒伤be interested in 对感兴趣take risks/take a risk 冒险lose ones life 失去生命save ones life 挽救某人的生命beacause of因为by oneself 独自;单独run out (of) 用尽;耗尽cut off切除away from 离
3、开,远离make a decision/make decisions 做决定be in cintrol of 掌管;管理out of control 失去控制go mountain climbing 去爬山give up 放弃give up doing 放弃做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事get into trouble 造成麻烦(烦恼)get out of离开;从.出来have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事use sth
4、. to do sth. 用某物做某事seem to do sth. 好像做某事keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be in trouble 处于困境中get into trouble 陷入困境;造成麻烦have troube (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困难询问某人患了体积疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时Whats the matter (with sb.) ?(某人)怎么了? (必须有the) Whats wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?Whats the trouble(with sb.)/Whats o
5、nes trouble (某人)出什么事了? What happened (to sb. )?(某人)发生什么事了?9Are you OK? 你没事吧?Is there anything wrong(with sb.)? (某人)有什么事吗?have 的常见用法:(1) have 表示“有”时,它强调所属关系,表示“某人拥有某物”He has a red bike(2) have 后面跟表示食品、饮料的名词,意为“吃,喝”hanve an egg and some bread(3) have 后跟一日三餐,它表示“吃(早饭、午饭、晚饭)”,这个短语的中间不用冠词have lunch(4) ha
6、ve 后面跟表示动作的名词, 它没有固定的意义,与表示动作的动词同义have a look看一看have a swim 游泳have a rest 休息一下(5) have 后面跟表示活动的名词, 它表示“举办,举行”have a sportsmeeting举办运动会have an English class 上英语课(6) have 还可以构成其他的一些固定短语have a try 试一试 have a good time玩得高兴(7) have a +疾病名患病其中 a 不能用 the 代替,也不能去掉,但翻译时不用译出have a coldhave a feverhave a cough
7、have a +身体部位-achehave a headachehave a toothachehave a stomachachehave a sore +身体部位指身体某处疼痛have a sore throat 咽喉痛have a sore back背痛lielying(现在分词)(vi) 躺,平躺;位于 lie - lay - lain lie down(vi) 撒谎 说谎 lie - lied - lied lie to sb. 对某人撒谎n. 可数名词 “谎言,假话”tell a lie/tell lies 说谎lay (vt) 平放,下蛋laying (现在分词) lay - l
8、aid-laidrestv.n. 休息have a rest =take a rest = restthanks to多亏,由于 (介词短语) 通常接名词thanks for 因.而感谢 接名词或 V-ing(1) be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 ,to 是介词,后跟名词、代词或V-ingI am used to walking after dinner我习惯于晚饭后散步look forward to doing,pay attention to doing 中 to 是介词(2) be used to do sth. 被用来做某事Wood can be used t
9、o make paper.木材能够被用来做纸(3) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不这样了)(1)run out “用完,耗尽”指某种资源被用完或耗尽相当于不及物动词,主语一般是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的东西 All the money ran out(3) run out of “用完,耗尽”,相当于不及物动词,主语一是人,也可以是某种能消耗物品的机器等I am used to walking after dinner.(1) so that 为了,以便 =in order that in order to do 为了,以便,后接动词原形(2) so .that
10、. 如此.以至于 ,后跟形容词或副词主语+谓语+so + adj./adv. +that.(3) such.that. 如此.以至于.such(+a/an) +adj. n. +that.He is such a clever boy that everybody likes himimportance n. 重要,重要性-ance 名词后缀important adj.unimportant adj.不重要的un 否定前缀die v. 死,去世dead adj. 死的,列亡的death n. 死,死亡without 介词with(介词) 常见用法(1)“具有,带有”,表示事物所具有的性质、特征
11、hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶(2)“和.在一起”He is talking with a friend.(3) 使用She cut the apple with a knife (4)关于,对于Whats the matter with him ?(5) 表示行为方式She likes to sleep with light on她喜欢开着灯睡觉24-year - old“24 岁的”是一个复合形容词,复合形容词的特点:一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接,二是数词后的名词须用单数形式get on 上车 get off 下车 后面跟较大的交通工具,如公共汽车、火车、轮
12、船get into 上车 get out of 下车后面跟小汽车、出租车taxi 、电梯happen 发生,不能用于被动语态, 且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(1)sth.+happened+地点/时间 某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故The story happened in 2008.(2) sth.happened to sb. 某人出了某事(常指不好的事)A car accident happened to her this moring.(3) 碰巧,sb. happened to do sth.It
13、happened thatShe happened to meet her friend in the bookstore.It happened that I had no money with mewait (vi) for sb./sth.wait for sb/sth. to do sth. 等待某人/ 某物做某事(1) to ones surprise 使惊讶的;出乎意料,放在句首,其后用逗号隔开(2) in surprise 惊讶地;惊奇地, 相当于副词性短语,用来修饰动词, 一般放在修饰的动词后面He is looking at the strange animal in sur
14、prise.(3) be sruprised at “对感到惊奇”,主语是人to ones +表示感情色彩的名词 意为“令/使某人 的是”to ones joy 令/使某人高兴的是to ones disappointment 令/ 使某人是失望的是to ones satisfaction 令/使某人满意的是(1) in time “及时,强调正好赶上事先约定的时间,没有迟到;其后可接for 引起的介词短语,表示”正赶上某事I am just in time for the plane.我正好赶上那个航班(2) on time ”准时,按时”,指按计划做某事,强调不迟到不早不晚Passenger
15、s get onto the plane on time. 乘客们准时登机right away=at once ,right now 立即, 马上反身代词短语enjoy oneselfteach oneself/learn sth. by oneself 自学help oneself to随便吃(喝) hurt oneself 伤着自己by oneself 独自;单独cut oneself 割伤自己fall down 摔倒,跌倒,是不及物动词短语,其后跟宾语时须加介词 from , 此时 fall down from 相当于 fall off 意为“从 上掉/摔下来”He fell down
16、from his bike yesterday=He fell off his bike yesterday 昨天他从自行车上摔下来(1) sick 生病的,有病的feel sick 生病了be sick =be ill(2) sick “恶心的”I feel a little sick.我带到有点恶心(3) sick 厌倦的 be sick of I am sick of going shopping.(1) take tisks =take a risk “冒险”the risk of风险(2) risk 用作动词,“冒险”,其后可接名词、代词或 V-ing 作宾语 Im willing
17、to risk losing everything. 我愿意冒失去一切的危险be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事,愿意做某事be ready for 为作准备blood 不可数名词a drop of blood一滴血bloodyadj. 有血的;出血的(1) mean “意思是;意为”其后常接名词、V-ing 或宾语从句(2) mean “打算;意欲”mean to do sth. 打算做某事I mean to talk with him about it. (3)mean 意味着,其后常接名词或V-ing 作宾语mean doingMy new job means worki
18、ng all day all night.我的新工作意味着夜以继日地工作get out of 离开;从出来get into 进入tell of 叙述;描述the importance of (doing)sth. (做)某事的重要性(1) be in control of 掌管;管理You should be in control of your ownlife and business.你应该掌管自己的生活和事业(2) be in the control of “受控制;受管理”The company is in the conrtol of the young man.这家公司在这个年轻的
19、的管理之下(3) be out of control 失去的控制(1) keep on doing sth. “继续做某事”表示动作重复多次,中间有间隔, 强调重复性She kept on working, althouth she was tired.尽管她加强累了,她还继续工作(2) keep doing sth. “继续不停地做某事”表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿,强调连续性Keepwalking until you reach the end of the road.继续走,直到你到达路的尽头(3) keep sb. doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”Dont keep your
20、 mother waiting.(4) keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事You shouldnt keep him from watching cartoons.你不该阻止他看动画片mind “介意;在乎”,后面接名词、 V-ing 或从句作宾语,但不能跟动词不定式give up “放弃”,其后可接名词、代词或 V-ing 作宾语,give up 是“动词+副词”型短语,后接代词作宾语时,代词放在give 和up 之间give up doingUnit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks短语clean up 打扫(或清除)干
21、净cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来give out 分发;散发used to 曾经.;过去.give away 赠送;捐赠set up 建起;设立make a difference 影响;有作用come up with 想出;提出put off 推迟put up 张贴;搭建;举起call up 打电话给(某人);征召help out 帮助摆脱困境care for 照顾;非常喜欢try out 参加选拔;试用come true 实现run out of 用尽;耗尽take after(外貌或行为)像fix up 修理;装饰be similar to 与相似be strong in 擅
22、长work out fine 奏效be excited about 对感到兴奋、激动用法need to do sth. 需要做某事make plans to do sth.制订计划做某事ask sb.(not )to do sth.要求某人(不要) 做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事give up +时间+to do sth.腾出时间做某事get a feeling of 产生的感觉help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事make a difference to 对产生影响make it possible for sb. to do 使得做某事对某人来说成为可能
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