2023年英语B级考试试题答案.pdf

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1、2023年英语B级考试试题答案一、单项选择题（说明：这是我同学给的）1 Ho w c a n w e r e d u c e t h e r is k o f c a n c e r?A c u t in B c u t d o w nC c u t o f f D c u t o u t2 T h e s t e a d ily r is in g c o s t o f la b o r o n t h e w a t e r f r o n t h a s g r e a t ly in c r e a s e d t h ec o s t o f s h ip p in g c a r

2、 g o b y w a t e r.A c o n t in u o u s ly B q u ic klyC e xc e s s iv e ly D e xc e p t io n a lly3 Du r in g t h e p a s t t e n ye a r s t h e r e h a v e b e e n d r a ma t ic c h a n g e s in t h e in t e r n a t io n a ls it u a t io n.A p e r ma n e n t B p o w e r f u lC s t r ikin g D p r a

3、 c t ic a l4 T h e mo s t c r u c ia l p r o b le m a n y e c o n o mic s ys t e m f a c e s is h o w t o u s e it s s c a r c er e s o u r c e s.A p u zzlin g B d if f ic u ltC t e r r if yin g D u r g e n t5 His n e w g ir lf r ie n d h a d o mit t e d t o t e ll h im t h a t s h e w a s ma r r ie

4、 d.A f a ile d B d e le t e dC r e f u s e d D r e je c t e d6 T h e s u b s t a n c e c a n b e a d d e d t o g a s o lin e t o a c c e le r a t e t h e s p e e d o f a u t o mo b ile s.A q u ic ke n B s h o r t e nC lo o s e n D e n la r g e7 We s h o u ld n e v e r c o n t e n t o u r s e lv e s

5、w it h a lit t le kn o w le d g e o n ly.A c o n v in c e B s a t is f yC c o mf o r t D b e n e f it8 We s h o u ld c o n t e mp la t e d t h e p r o b le m f r o m a ll s id e s.A d e lib e r a t e d B t h o u g h tC d e s c r ib e d D d e s ig n e d9 His h e a lt h h a d d e t e r io r a t e d w

6、h ile h e w a s in p r is o n.A b e c a me b e t t e r B b e c a me w o r s eC b e c a me s t r o n g e r I）b e c a me w e a ke r10 If yo u w a n t my a d v ic e,yo u s h o u ld r e v is e yo u r p la n f o r t h e t r ip t o Be ijin g.A c h a n g e B e xc h a n g eC e n la r g e D e n c o u r a g e

7、11 S mo kin g is in h ib it e d in p u b lic p la c e s.A in s t r u c t e d B in q u ir e dC f o r b id d e n D s t r iv e d12.He is s a id t o b e s u f f e r in g f r o m t e r min a l c a n c e r a n d h a s a s ke d f o r e u t h a n a s ia（安乐死）A a c u t e B c h r o n icC f in a l D f a t a l13

8、 I f e lt imp e lle d t o t e ll t h e t r u t h.A p r o mo t e d B in d u c e dC c o mp e lle d D imp r o v e d14 It s p r u d e n t t o t a ke a t h ic k c o a t in c o ld w e a t h e r w h e n yo u g o o u t.A c o n t r o v e r s ia l B r e a s o n a b leC s e n s ib le D s e n s it iv e15 Ar e y

9、o u p o s it iv e t h a t t h e r e?s b e e n n o mis t a ke?A r a t io n a l B r e a s o n a b leC c e r t a in D b o u n d二、阅读判断。阅读判断。An O b s e r v a t io n a n d a n Exp la n a t io nIt is w o r t h lo o kin g a t o n e o r t w o a s p e c t s o f t h e w a y a mo t h e r b e h a v e s t o w a r

10、 d sh e r b a b y.T h e u s u a l f o n d lin g,c u d d lin g a n d c le a n in g r e q u ir e lit t le c o mme n t,b u t t h ep o s it io n in w h ic h s h e h o ld s t h e b a b y a g a in s t h e r b o d y w h e n r e s t in g is r a t h e r r e v e a lin g.Ca r e f u l s t u d i e s h a v e s h

11、o w n t h e f a c t t h a t 80 p e r c e n t o f mo t h e r s h o ld t h e ir in f a n t sin t h e ir le f t a r ms,h o Id in g t h e m a g a in s t t h e le f t s id e o f t h e ir b o d ie s.If a s ke dt o e xp la in t h e s ig n if ic a n c e o f t h i s p r e f e r e n c e mo s t p e o p le r e

12、p ly t h a t it is o b v io u s lyt h e r e s u lt o f t h e p r e d o min a n c e o f r ig h t -h a n d e d n e s s in t h e p o p u la t io n.By h o ld in gt h e b a b ie s in t h e ir le f t a r ms,t h e mo t h e r s ke e p t h e ir d o min a n t a r m f r e e f o rma n ip u la t io n s.Bu t a d

13、e t a ile d a n a lys is s h o w s t h a t t h is is n o t t h e c a s E T r u e,t h e r eis a s lig h t d if f e r e n c e b e t w e e n r ig h t-h a n d e d a n d le f t-h a n d e d f e ma le s;b u t n o t e n o u g ht o p r o v id e a d e q u a t e e xp la n a t io n.It e me r g e s t h a t 83 p

14、e r c e n t o f r ig h t-h a n d e d mo t h e r sh o ld t h e b a b y o n t h e le f t s id e,b u t s o d o 78 p e r c e n t o f le f t-h a n d e d mo t h e r s.In o t h e rw o r d s,o n ly 22 p e r c e n t o f t h e le f t-h a n d e d mo t h e r s h a v e t h e ir d o min a n t h a n d s f r e ef o

15、 r a c t io n s.Cle a r ly t h e r e mu s t b e s o me o t h e r,le s s o b v io u s e xp la n a t io n.T h e o n ly o t h e r c lu e c o me s f r o m t h e f a c t t h a t t h e h e a r t is o n t h e s id e o f t h emo t h e r *s b o d y.Co u ld it b e t h a t t h e s o u n d o f h e r h e a r t b

16、 e a t is t h e v it a l f a c t o r?An d in w h a t w a y?T h in kin g a lo n g t h e s e lin e s it w a s a r g u e d t h a t p e r h a p s d u r in g it se xis t e n c e in s id e t h e b o d y o f t h e mo t h e r t h e u n b o r n b a b y g e t u s e d t o t h e s o u n d o ft h e h e a r t b e

17、 a t.If t h is is s o,t h e n t h e r e-d is c o v e r y o f t h is f a milia r s o u n d a f t e rb ir t h mig h t h a v e a c la imin g e f f e c t o n t h e in f a n t,e s p e c ia lly a s it h a s ju s t b e e nb o r n in t o a s t r a n g e a n d f r ig h t e n in g ly n e w w o r lD if t h is

18、is s o t h e n t h e mo t h e r w o u ld,s o me h o w,s o o n a r r iv e a t t h e d is c o v e r y t h a t h e r b a b y is mo r e a t p e a c e if h e ld o n t h ele f t a g a in s t h e r h e a r t t h a n o n t h e r ig h t.16 We c a n le a r n a lo t b y o b s e r v in g t h e p o s it io n in

19、w h ic h a mo t h e r h o ld s h e r b a b ya g a in s t h e r b o d y.A R ig h t B Wr o n g C N o t me n t io n e d17 M o s t le f t-h a n d e d w o me n f e e l c o mf o r t a b le b y h o ld in g t h e ir b a b ie s in t h e ir le f ta r m a n d ke e p t h e r ig h t a r m f r e e.A R ig h t B Wr

20、 o n g C N o t me n t io n e d18 T h e n u mb e r o f r ig h t-h a n d e d mo t h e r s w h o h o ld t h e b a b y o n t h e le f t s id e e xc e e d st h a t o f le f t-h a n d e d o n e s b y 22%.A R ig h t B Wr o n g C N o t me n t io n e d19 T h e f a c t t h a t mo s t le f t-h a n d e d mo t h

21、 e r s h o ld t h e b a b y o n t h e ir le f t s id e r e n d e r st h e f ir s t e xp la n a t io n u n s u s t a in a b le.A R ig h t B Wr o n g C N o t me n t io n e d20 T h e f a c t t h a t t h e h e a r t is o n t h e le f t s id e o f t h e mo t h e r s b o d y p r o v id e s t h emo s t c o

22、 n v in c in g e xp la n a t io n o f a ll.A R ig h t B Wr o n g C N o t me n t io n e d21 A b a b y h e ld in t h e r ig h t a r m o f it s mo t h e r c a n b e e a s ily f r ig h t e n e d.A R ig h t B Wr o n g C N o t me n t io n e d22 T h e w r it e r s e xp la n a t io n o f t h e p h e n o me

23、n o n is s u p p o r t e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t b a b ie st e n d t o b e mo r e p e a c e f u l if h e ld in t h e ir mo t h e r s le f t a r ms t h a n in t h e r ig h t a r ms.A R ig h t B Wr o n g C N o t me n t io n e d三、概括大意与完成句子。概括大意与完成句子。Ca r in g f o r t h e o ldT h e o ld d o n o t h

24、a v e t o lo o k e xc lu s iv e ly t o t h e p a s t.R e lie v e d o f s o me o f lif e,sr e s p o n s ib ilit ie s a n d f o r t if ie d b y ma n y ye a r s o f e xp e r ie n c e a n d kn o w le d g e,t h e y ma yh a v e a mu c h b e t t e r id e a o f h o w t o s p e n d t h e ir t ime e n jo ya b

25、 ly t h a n t h e y d id in t h e iryo u t h.An d n o t a ll e n jo yme n t is r e s t r ic t e d t o t h e me n t a l o r p h ilo s o p h ic a l.He a lt h yp h ys ic a l a c t iv it y r e ma i n s q u it e p o s s ib le f o r mo s t o f u s w e ll in t o o u r la t e r ye a r s.O ld p e o p le s o

26、me t ime s d is p la y s u r p r is in g f r e e d o m a n d f o r t h r ig h t n e s s in t h ee xp r e s s io n o f t h e ir t h o u g h t s a n d f e e lin g s,a n d a n a b ilit y t o t r a n s mit a f f e c t io n.It is a s t h o u g h s o me o f t h e r it u a ls w h ic h c o n s t r ic t u s

27、in e a r lie r lif e f a ll a w a y.But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age thanat a ny other time in adult life,and the gap between need and care is often filledby dubious measures,such as heavy-handed prescription of medicinE For many yearsit was assumed that ol

28、d people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy.But a few clinicians h ave risen to the challenge and discovered that individualand group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young.It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror.Yet in old age theremay b e

29、terror of a very private nature,a sense of disintegration sometimes stemmingfrom inner conflicts,sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becomingdependent.Dependency is a grim choice:insecurity and deprivation must be weighed againstloss of autonomy and integrity.But if there is nothing

30、 shameful about the dependencyof a baby or a young chi Id,there should be nothing shameful about the dependenciesnatural wi th old age and diminishing physical resources.The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments,which havethe means to provide help,are often threatening to o

31、ld peoplE The younger generationtoday,on the other hand,will have had many decades to interact with“the system”by the time they reach old age.Many of us,including healthcare providers,assume that we know what old peoplean d dying people want,but our assumptions are often a reflections of our wonthou

32、ghts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits ofobservation.Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with theterminally ill.Assuming we know what they want,we observe ourselves from beingwith them,and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.W e sometimes

33、 assume,wrongly,that old people are too confused or senile to beawa re of the nearness of death.In consequence,communication between a dying andothers is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions.Protecting the dyingfrom knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncom

34、fortableprospect of talking a bout dying and death.Evasions like this only lead to increasingisolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed.23 paragraph 124 paragraph 225 paragraph 326 p a r a g r a p h 5A Kn o w in g b e t t e r h o w t o e n jo y lif eB Fr e e d o m i

35、n e xp r e s s io nC P s yc h o t h e r a p y e f f e c t iv e w it h s o me o f t h e o ldD P e r io d o f g r e a t e r e mo t io n a l d is t r e s sE De p e n d e n c y:a g r im c h o ic eF Gu ilt in e s s:d e p e n d e n c y27 O ld p e o p le ma y w e ll b e a c t iv e in28 O ld p e o p le s o

36、me t ime s kn o w b e t t e r29 It is a n a t u r a l t h in g30 We o f t e n t h in k t h a t w e kn o w t h e f e e lin g o f a d yin g p e r s o n,A h o w t o s h o w lo v e t o o t h e r sB h o w t o s h o w a n g e r t o o t h e r sC ye t w e kn o w w e a r e w r o n gD v a r io u s kin d s o f

37、 s p o r t sE b u t w e a r e o f t e n w r o n gF t h a t o ld p e o p le d e p e n d o n o t h e r s四、阅读理解第一篇A Ga y（n.同性恋Bio lo g is t （n.生物学家 同性恋）生物学家）M o le c u la r b io lo g is t De a n Ha mme r h a s b lu e e ye s,1 ig h t b r o w n h a ir a n d a g o o d s e n s eo f h u mo r.He s mo ke s c

38、ig a r e t t e s,s p e n d s lo n g h o u r s in a n o ld la b o r a t o r y a t t h e USN a t io n a l In s t it u t e o f He a lt h,a n d in h is f r e e t ime c limb s u p c lif f s a n d p o in t s h iss kis d o w n s t e e p s lo p e s.He a ls o h a p p e n s t o b e o p e n ly,ma t t e r-o f-f

39、 a c 11y g a y.Wh a t is it t h a t ma ke s Ha mme r w h o h e is?Wh a t,f o r t h a t ma t t e r,a c c o u n t s f o r t h et a i e n t s a n d t r a it s t h a t ma ke u p a n yo n eJ s p e r s o n a lit y?Ha mme r is n o t c o n t e n t me r e lyt o a s k s u c h q u e s t io n s;h e is t r yin g

40、 t o a n s w e r t h e m a s w e ll.A p io n e e r in t h e f ie ldo f mo le c u la r p s yc h o lo g y,Ha mme r is e xp lo r in g t h e r o le g e n e s p la y in g o v e r n in g t h ev e r y c o r e o f o u r in d iv id u a lit y.T o a r e ma r ka b le e xt e n t,h is w o r k o n w h a t mig h t

41、b ec a lle d t h e g a y,t h r ill-s e e ki n g a n d q u it-s mo kin g g e n e s r e f le c t s h o w o w n g e n e t icp r e d is p o s it io n s.T h a t w o r k,w h ic h h a s a p p e a r e d mo s t ly in s c ie n t if ic jo u r n a ls,h a s b e e n g a t h e r e din t o a n a c c e s s ib le a n

42、 d q u it e r e a d a b le f o r m in Ha mme rJ s c r e a t iv e n e w b o o k,L iv in gw it h O u r G e n e s.yo u h a v e a b o u t a s mu c h c h o ic e in s o me a s p e c t o f yo u r p e r s o n a lit y.Ha me r a n d c o -a u t h o r P e t e r Co p e la n d w r it e in t h e in t r o d u c t o

43、 r y c h a p t e r,“a s yo u d oin t h e s h a p e o f yo u r n o s e o r t h e s ize o f yo u r f e e t.Un t il r e c e n t ly,r e s e a r c h in t o b e h a v io r a l g e n e t ic s w a s d o min a t e d b yp s yc h ia t r is t s a n d p s yc h o lo g is t s,w h o b a s e d t h e ir mo s t c o mp

44、 e llin g c o n c lu s io n s a b o u tt h e imp o r t a n c e o f g e n e s o n s t u d ie s o f id e n t ic a l t w in s.Fo r e xa mp le,p s yc h o lo g is tM ic h a e l Ba ile y o f N o r t h w e s t e r n Un iv e r s it y f a mo u s ly d e mo n s t r a t e d t h a t if o n eid e n t ic a l t w i

45、n is g a y,t h e r e is a b o u t a 50%likelih o o d t h a t t h e o t h e r w ill b e t o o.S e v e n ye a r s a g o,Ha me r p ic ke d u p w h e r e t h et w in s t u d i e s le f t o f f,h o min g in o n s p e c if ic s t r ip s o f DN A t h a t a p p e a r t o in f lu e n c ee v e r yt h in g f r

46、 o m mo o d t o s e xu a l o r ie n t a t io n.Ha in e r s w it c h e d t o b e h a v io r a l g e n e t ic s f r o m b a s ic r e s e a r c h,a f t e r r e c e iv in g h isd o c t o r a t e f r o m Ha r v a r d,h e s p e n t mo r e t h a n a d e c a d e s t u d yin g t h e b io c h e mis t r y o fa

47、 p r o t e in t h a t c e lls u s e t o me t a b o lize h e a v y me t a ls like c o p p e r a n d zin c.As h e w a sa b o u t t o t u r n 40,h o w e v e r,Ha me r s u d d e n ly r e a lize d h e h a d le a r n e d a s mu c h a b o u t t h ep r o t e in a s h e c a r e d t o.aFr a n kly,I w a s b o

48、r e d,h e r e me mb e r s,“a n d r e a d y f o rs o me t h in g n e w.Ho mo s e xu a l b e h a v io r,in p a r t ic u la r,s e e me d r ip e f o r e xp lo r a t io n b e c a u s e f e ws c ie n t is t s h a d d a r e d t a c kle s u c h a n e mo t io n a lly a n d p o lit ic a lly c h a r g e d s u

49、b je c t.“Im g a y,Ha me r s a ys w it h a s h r u g,“b u t t h a t w a s n o t a ma jo r mo t iv a t io n.It w a smo r e o f a q u e s t io n o f in t e lle c t u a l c u r io s it ya n d t h e f a c t t h a t n o o n e e ls e w a sd o in g t h is s o r t o f r e s e a r c h”31 T h e f ir s t p a r

50、 a g r a p h d e s c r ib e s Ha me r ,sA lo o ks,h o b b ie s a n d c h a r a c t e r.B v ie w p o in t o n h o mo s e xu a lit y.C unique life-style.D scientific research work.32 Hamer was aA psychiatrist.B physiologist.C chemist.D biologist.33 What is Hamer doing now?A He is exploring the role of