英语短篇小说选读KateChopin凯特肖邦.ppt

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1、KateChopin.A Brief.A Brief Introduction Introduction.Life.Life.Major Works and.Major Works and Writing Style Writing Style.SettingThe Storm.SettingThe StormBornKatherineOFlahertyFebruary8,1850St.Louis,Missouri,UnitedStatesDiedAugust22,1904(aged54)St.Louis,Missouri,UnitedStatesOccupationNovelist,shor

2、tstorywriterGenresrealisticfictionNotablework(s)TheAwakening.ABRIEFINTRODUCTIONAwomanaheadofhertimeShewasanAmericanauthorofshortstoriesandnovels.Sheisnowconsideredbysometohavebeenaforerunneroffeministauthorsofthe20thcentury.Shewasawomanwhosefeministviewpointswerefaraheadofhertime,whichofcoursegarner

3、edhermorethanhershareofcriticism.Inatimewhenwomenwereexpectedtobehaveproperlyandsexualdesirewasconsideredtobesomethingonlyexperiencedbymen,Chopinspokewithexceptionalopennessabouthumansexuality.Shelambastedsocietyforitsperpetualclose-mindednessinatimewhenrighteousnesswasconsideredtobeanattribute,ands

4、hehelpedtogeneratemoreenlightenedattitudesamongboththewomenandmenofhertime.Backgrounds:Gender:isbothaneffectofbiologyandasocial construction.In patriarchal societies,thatconstructionwilltendtofavourmenoverwomen.Gender role:refers to the behaviouralroleorqualitysociallyandculturallysanctionedformales

5、andfemales.Gender identity:refers to the self-awareness of ones biological,social andculturalcharacteristics.Itistheconformationand approval of ones sexual identity.Gender identity is the internalisation ofgender role,while gender role is theexternalised form of gender identity;botharebasedonbiologi

6、calelements.Femininity:submissive,passive,mindless,emotional,sensual,fragile,nurturing,caring,relational,domesticandetc.Masculinity:aggressive,competitive,smart,strong-hearted,tough,rational,social,independentandetc.SimonedeBeauvoirsaysinThe Second Sex:“Oneisnotborn,butratherbecomesa woman.No biolog

7、ical,psychological,oreconomic fate determines the figure thatthehumanfemalepresentsinsociety;itiscivilization as a whole that produces thiscreature.Feministconsciousness:awarenessoftheelementsthatpreventwomenfromdevelopinginthesocialinstitutionalstructure;the conscious pursuit for political andecono

8、micalsubjectivityinsociety.Female consciousness:natural femaleconsciousness including the pursuit forbeautyand freedom,and the awarenessofself-attractiveness,self-worthiness,self-existence,self-esteem,self-enjoyment,andalsothedesireforintellectual,emotionalandsexualfulfilment.Feminist criticism:exam

9、ines theways in which literature(and otherculturalproductions)reinforceorundermine the economical,political,social,and psychological oppressionofwomen.LIFE-KATEChopinwasbornKateOFlahertyinSt.Louis,Missouriin1850toElizaandThomasOFlaherty.-SHEwasthethirdoffivechildren,buthersistersdiedininfancyandherb

10、rothers(fromherfathersfirstmarriage)intheirearlytwenties.Shewastheonlychildtolivepasttheageoftwenty-five.-In1870,attheageoftwenty,shemarriedOscarChopin,twenty-five,andthesonofawealthycotton-growingfamilyinLouisiana.-AftertheirmarriagetheylivedinNewOrleanswhereshehadfiveboysandtwogirls,allbeforeshewa

11、stwenty-eight.Oscardiedofswampfevertherein1882.-Afterherhusbandsdeathin1882,shereturnedtoSt.Louiswithhersixchildrenandbegantowrite.-Shewaswellknownasbothalocalcoloristandawomanwriter,andhadpublishedoveronehundredstories,essays,andsketchesinliterarymagazines.MajorWorksandWritingStyleMajorWorksDesiree

12、sBaby(1893)TheStoryofanHour(1894)TheStorm(1898)APairofSilkStockingsLilacsTheAwakening(1899)TheAnalysisofChopinsstoryChieflyinterestedincapturingtheflavorofLouisianalife.Characters:LouisianaCreoles(法国法国和西班牙殖民者后裔和西班牙殖民者后裔)andCajuns(加拿加拿大定居的法国人后裔大定居的法国人后裔).Themajorconcern:Therolesofwomeninsocietyandthe

13、womansresponsibilitiestoherfamily,hercommunity,andherself.Womensself-realizationWhatrolesdidwomenplayatKateChopinstime?Theyplayedtheroleofafealty(孝顺的)daughter,a caring housewife,a lovingmother,etc.Womenwerelimitedindomesticlife and were supposed to idolize(醉心于)their children,worship their husbands a

14、ndesteemitaholyprivilegetoefface（漠视）themselvesasindividualsandgrowwingsasministeringangels(救星).“ThequestforfreedomisathemethatrunsthroughmuchofChopinswriting.Herforthrightportrayalofwomenontheirsearchforemancipationshockedmanyofhergeneration,buthasgainedheralargefollowinginours”.-LewisLeary.Setting

15、The Storm.Setting The StormSettingreferstothetimeandplaceinwhichtheactionofastorytakesplace.Theelementsmakingupasettingare:(1)thephysical environment;(2)thetimeorperiodinwhich the action takes place;(3)the generalenvironment of the characters,e.g.religious,mental,moral,social,andemotionalconditionst

16、hroughwhichthepeopleinthenarrativemove;(4)thecharactersoccupationanddailymannersofliving.-Charactersinastoryallhavetointeractinonewayoranotherwithitssetting.Settingcanoftenhelprevealcharacterstraits,anditisoneoftheprimarywaysanauthorestablishesthestorysmood.Insomestories,thesettingcanstronglyaffectt

17、heplot,functioningalmostlikeanothercharacter.Relatedliteraryterm:LocalColorWritingWhensettingdominates,orwhenapieceoffictioniswrittenlargelytopresentthemannersandcustomsofalocality,thewritingisoftencalledlocalcolorwritingorregionalismandthewriter,aregionalwriter.Andaregionalwriterusuallysethisorhers

18、toryinonegeographicareaandtriestobringitalivetoreaderseverywhereThe StormThe Storm(“暴风雨暴风雨”)SettingOnesummerday,thestormiscoming.Theweatherforeshadowstheareal,orliteral,storm,andastormofemotion,orpassionCharactersCalixta:theprotagnistAlceeLaballiere:fomerloverofCalixtaBobinot:husbandofCalixtaandfath

19、erofBibiBibi:four-year-oldsonofCalixtaandBobinotPlotOnesummerday,thestormiscoming.BobinotandBibiweretrappedwiththecomingstormwhileClaxitawasathomebusysewingsomething.Whenshenoticedthecomingofthestorm,shehurriedouttogettheclothesintheyard.PlotAtthatmoment,shecameacrossherformerloverAlceeLaballiere.To

20、avoidthestorm,AlceeLaballierestayedatthegallerywithClaxita.Shewasworriedaboutherhusbandandsonandevenlosttemper.ThesightofClaxitaremindedAlceeLAballieretheolddaywhentheyweretogether.Thentheycommitedadultory.PlotThestormpassedaway,andAlceeLaballiereleft.Claxitatreatedherhusbandbetterthanever,andAlceeL

21、aballierewrotealovinglettertohiswife.ThemePointofViewThirdpersonpointofview.Womensawarenessofloveandmarriage.InKateChopinsshortstoryTheStormthemajorcharacterCalixtacommitsadultery,butinsteadoffeelingguiltyoveranactconsideredasininhertime,shefeelsliberated.Chopinsmainpoint,however,isnotthatadulteryis

22、good,butthatawomansself-fulfillmentis.TheStormcontainsthebasicthemethatinformsChopinswork:theneedsanddesiresofwomenarenotmetbythetraditionalrolesprescribedtotheminthelate19thCentury.ThethemeofescapefromtraditionandauthoritywasdominantintheworkofChopin,awomanwholivedbeforehertime,whosestoriesmightbes

23、eenasavindicationoftherightsofwomen(Gilbert12).Chopinsfictiondealswiththenotionthatmarriageisrepressiveandconfiningforwomen.InTheStorm,Calixtaisabletobreakherchainsofconfinement,ifonlytemporarily.AtatimewhenwomenwereexpectedtobehaveproperlythatistohavelimitedsexualdesireandtoactpassivelyCalixtagoesagainsthersocietysstandardofvirtue.Shechoosestogiveintoheremotions.Liketherealstormofthestory,Calixtabecomesaforceofnature.-THEEND-