英语学科高考情态动词语法专项复习课件.ppt

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1、2008年高考英语专项指导年高考英语专项指导1v情态动词的运用是高考英语几乎每年必情态动词的运用是高考英语几乎每年必考的要点。根据近几年对高考题的分析，考的要点。根据近几年对高考题的分析，主要归纳为以下几个考查热点：主要归纳为以下几个考查热点：1.情态动词表示推测情态动词表示推测;2.情态动词情态动词+havedone结构；结构；3.特定的语气特定的语气;4.情态动词基本用法情态动词基本用法.2一.情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词可用来表示推测情态动词可用来表示推测,语气从强到弱的顺序是：语气从强到弱的顺序是：must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为意为“一定一定

2、”。can和和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中主要用于否定句和疑问句中，cant或或couldnt 表示表示“不可能不可能”may 和和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。来说，表示的可能性更小一些。must，should，can，may，could，might。3vShemaynotbeathome.Shecantbeathome.Theyshouldbethererightnow.Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorre

3、ctingourexampapers.情态动词情态动词+do表示对现在或将来的情况的推测表示对现在或将来的情况的推测情态动词情态动词+bedoing。表示对正在进行的情况的推测表示对正在进行的情况的推测4Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.must/may/might+have done 表示对过去情况推测表示对过去情况推测(肯定，可能，也许已经肯定，可能，也许已经)51.-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gotothecon

4、certinstead.(NMET2000)A.mustB.wouldC.should D.might2.Mary _be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago Amustnt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmay notBD63.-_thenewsbetrue?No,it_betrue.A.Can,cant B.May,cantC.May,maynotD.Must,mustnt注意注意:may和和might都不用于疑问句中。都不用于疑问句中。（正）（正）Can Could it be cloudy tomorr

5、ow？（误）（误）May Might it be cloudy tomorrow？A7The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday,_they The minister must have arrived in Shanghai,_hehedidnt hasntYou cant be serious,_you?are拓展拓展8二二.情态动词情态动词+havedonev表示表示对对过去过去所发生事情的所发生事情的推测或带有某推测或带有某种语气种语气.1.Ididnthearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.mu

6、sthavedone(过去过去)肯定肯定/一定一定(用于肯定句中用于肯定句中)92.Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.Itcouldnthavebeenacomfortablejourney.cant/couldnthavedone(过去过去)不可能不可能103.He may not have finished the exercises,Im afraid.4.You could have done better,but you didnt try your best.may/mighthavedo

7、ne(过去过去)或许或许/可能做可能做(用于肯定或否定句中用于肯定或否定句中)couldhavedone(过去过去)本能够做本能够做(用于肯定或否定句中用于肯定或否定句中,带有责备、劝告之意带有责备、劝告之意)115.When we got to the cinema,the film hadnt started,so we neednt have worried.Mary didnt turn up last night,did she?No,she didnt need to come.We had changed our plan.neednthavedone(过去过去)本来不必做本来不

8、必做(没有必要做而实际上也没做没有必要做而实际上也没做).126.Sheshouldnthavetakenawaymytape,forIwantedtouseit.should/oughttohavedone(过去过去)本应该做本应该做(而实际上未做而实际上未做),用于否定句用于否定句时则表示过去不该做的事反而做了时则表示过去不该做的事反而做了(带有后悔、埋怨或责备的语气）。带有后悔、埋怨或责备的语气）。1314v(06陕西）As you worked late yesterday,you _ have come this morning.B.may not C.cant D.mustnt A

9、 A.neednt15(04全国全国)Mr.White_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.B.shouldarriveC.shouldhadarrivedD.shouldbearriving(04福建福建)IlltellMarryabouthernewjobtomorrow.You_herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.couldhavetoldC.musttell A.shouldhavearrived D.shouldhavetold A D 16(05福建)Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.Th

10、anks.You_it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needntdoC.mustntdoD.shouldnthavedoneB.neednt have done B 17v(NMET 05)He_havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldntbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldC.wouldntD.cantB.must B 18v(00 上海)MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterday,sohe_yourlecture.B.neednthaveattendedC.m

11、ustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattendedA.couldnthaveattended A 19三三.几个情态动词的特定语气几个情态动词的特定语气Shall 1.在在疑问句疑问句中中,用于用于第第1、3人称人称,表示表示征征求对方意见求对方意见.例如例如:Shallthedriverwaitoutside?2.在在肯定句肯定句中中,用于用于第第2、3人称人称,表示表示警警告、允诺、命令或威胁告、允诺、命令或威胁.例如例如:20vYoushallanswerforitifyougoonbehavinglikethat.vIfyouworkwell,youshal

12、lhavearise.vHeshallbepunishedvNobody shallthrowawayrubbisheverywhere.21 Churchill warned Hitler“If you dare to invade Britain,you shall pay for it with great loss.(04湖南）Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.You shant have my computer if you dont take care of it.223.用在法律、条约、规定时用在

13、法律、条约、规定时。(02上海上海)Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(04重庆重庆)“Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides”declaredthejudge.Thesignsaysallpaymentsshallbemadeincash.23vShould 1.据经验或事实来表达据经验或事实来表达合理的推断合理的推断。1)Maryt

14、ookdancingclassesforyears;sheshould beanexcellentdancer.2)Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jackshould behereatanymoment.3)Itssaidthatthereareplentyofhotelsinthattown.Thereshould not beanydifficultyforyoutofindsomewheretostay.242.表惊讶、惋惜、不满等情绪表惊讶、惋惜、不满等情绪,常译为常译为“竟然竟然”.(01上海上海)Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentle

15、manshouldbesorude.Imsurprisedthatyoushouldhavedonesuchathing.Neverdidheexpectthattheconditionsshouldbesoterrible.253.Should+动词原形表动词原形表虚拟虚拟,可省略可省略.在表建议、要求、命令、主张等动词在表建议、要求、命令、主张等动词的宾语从句中的宾语从句中。常见的动词有。常见的动词有:insist,order,command;suggest,advice,propose;demand,request,require,andaskandsoon.例如例如:Mikeinsis

16、tedthatshedidntstealanythingand(should)notbescolded.26 用于用于Itissuggested/proposed/desired/strange/necessary/important/essential/natural/apity等的主语从句中等的主语从句中.用于表示建议、命令、主张、愿望、目用于表示建议、命令、主张、愿望、目的等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句的等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中。中。如如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,request,requirement,wish,desire,idea,ai

17、m等。例如；等。例如；27v(06江苏）IthinkIllgiveBobaring.You_.Youhaventbeenintouchwithhimforages.A.willB.mayC.havetoD.should D 28Mustv偏要，硬要偏要，硬要。（2005全国全国、）John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(2004天津）天津）Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMarry.29v(06浙江）浙江）CanIhaveawordwithy

18、ou,mum?Oh,dear,ifyou_.A.canC.mayD.shouldv(06山东）山东）MayIsmokehere?Ifyou_,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayB.mustD.must B D 30vWhy_youalwaysleaveyourdirtyclothesinthebedroom?A.needB.canC.mayD.must D 31vMust必须必须(04 上海)Children under 12 years of age in that country must be under adult s

19、upervision when in a public library.四四.情态动词基本用法情态动词基本用法32Can/Couldv用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中常表推用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中常表推测、惊讶测、惊讶、怀疑、不相信的语气：怀疑、不相信的语气：1）Whocanitbe?Itcantbehim.HehasgonetoXian.2）Howcanyoubesocareless?Whatcanhepossiblymean?33v(03上海)How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofth

20、earticle.B.mustC.needD.mayA.can A 34v(04全国卷全国卷II)You_betiredyouveonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.wontD.maynotv(06全国卷全国卷I)ThereisnolightonThey_athome.B.mustntC.needntD.shouldntC.cantA.cant C A 35v(06福建）Ifitwerentforthefactthatshe_sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldntB.shouldntD.mightnotv(06四川）

21、四川）IsJackondutytoday?It_behim.Itshisturntomorrow.A.mustntB.wontD.needntC.cantC.cant36vCan 在肯定句中使用表示 1)有时候的可能性:The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be slow.(05浙江).He can be friendly at times.372)理论上的可能性理论上的可能性,并不涉及具体某事是否真会发生,主要是说明人和事物的特征主要是说明人和事物的特征:1.Eve

22、nexpertdriverscanmakemistakes.2.(2003)Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebagscanbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.3.Trainingbyyourselfinagymcanbehighlydangerous.4.BirdFlucanbedangerous.38 Making choices _ difficult,especially when there is no one to turn to for advice.A.might B.should D.m

23、ust C.canC 39v但是在表达但是在表达具体某事实际具体某事实际发生发生的可能性的可能性时不可用时不可用can,用用may/might/could.1)Hemay/might/couldbeinthelibrary.2)Asnowstormcanbeexciting,buttoomuchsnowcancausetrouble.3)Thisstormmay/might/couldlastseveraldays.40vCould表可能性表可能性,语气较弱语气较弱;表请求表请求,较委婉。较委婉。Couldyoulendmesomemoney?Yes,Ican.(98上海上海)“CouldIc

24、allyoubyyourfirstname?”“Yes,you_.A.willB.couldD.mightC.may C 41vwas able to 和 could 的区别Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.（强调经过一番努力后成功（强调经过一番努力后成功做到某事做到某事.Hedidntagreewithmeatfirst,butIwasabletopersuadehim.Shecouldsingwhenshewasyoung.(一般能力一般能力)42v Can的惯用语的惯用语 1.cant(h

25、elp/choose)but+v(不得不不得不）Icanthelpbutadmireyourbravery.2.canthelpdoing.区别区别/canthelp(to)do.3.canthelpit.“Whyareyoucrying?”“Ijustcanthelpit.4.cant/couldnt与与too,enough连用连用.Youcantbetoocareful.再再也不过分也不过分Icantthankyoutoomuch.43Will/Wouldv意志、愿望和决心。意志、愿望和决心。1)Iwillneverdothatagain.2)Ifyouwillwaitoverforalo

26、ngtime,Mr.Smith,Iwilltellourmanageryouvearrived.v习惯、倾向，多用于第三人称。习惯、倾向，多用于第三人称。Hewillsittherehourafterhourdoingnothing.Boyswillbeboys.44v坚决拒绝。坚决拒绝。Iwontlistentoyournonsense.Thedogwouldntstopbarking.v表临时的决定表临时的决定“Youforgottopostmyletter.”“Sorry,Iwillpostit.45vUsedtodo/woulddo1)Sheisntwhatsheusedtobe.(表

27、对比表对比)2)WewouldsitintheyardeverySundayandlistentohisstory.(表过表过去习惯性动作去习惯性动作)46May/Mightv表不确定的可能性表不确定的可能性.1)(NMET00)“AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?“Imnotsure.Imightgototheconcertinstead.2)Petermaycomewithus,butheisntverysureyet.47v用于祈使句用于祈使句,表示祝愿表示祝愿.Mayyoureturnsafeandsound.Mayyoubehappy!may/mightaswelldo不妨不妨,不如不如Nowthatyouvegotsofarwiththework,youmightfinishitaswell.48dare and need 情态动词实义动词肯定式 Hedarestoescape.Heneedstoescape.否定式 Hedarentescape.Heneedntescape.Hedoesntdare(to)escape.Hedoesntneedtoescape.疑问式 Dareheescape?Needheescape?Doeshedare(to)escape?Doesheneedtoescape?49