Unit7Grammar 牛津译林版英语八年级下册.pptx

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1、Unit 7 International charitiesGrammarPassive voice in the simple present and past tenses一般现在时和过去时的被动语态1.The plane is used as a training centre.2.His eye problem was cured two months ago.3.During my last visit,150 patients were operated on.4.About 80%of these cases can be prevented or cured.被动语态被动语态语

2、态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态 被动语态Volunteer doctors do operations.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 动作执行者动作执行者 动作动作 动作承受者动作承受者总结：在英语句子中动作的执行者做主总结：在英语句子中动作的执行者做主语，动作的承受者做宾语，这种句子叫语，动作的承受者做宾语，这种句子叫做做主动语态主动语态Volunteer doctors do operations.=Operations are done by volunteer doctors.主语 谓语 宾语动作承受者 动作 动作执行者总结：在英语句子中

3、总结：在英语句子中动作的承受者动作的承受者做做主语主语，这种句式叫做，这种句式叫做被动语态被动语态当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。我们每天都打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.教室每天都被教室每天都被(我们我们)打扫。打扫。一般现在时:am/is/are+done一般过去时:was/were+done主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态主:I learn English.被动语态 被:English is learn

4、ed by me.判断：被动语态判断：被动语态(A)/主动语主动语 态态(B);划出谓划出谓语动词部分语动词部分1）Millie and Amy took the little cat to the animal center yesterday.2）The 79-year-old man was saved out of a fire last year.3）This kind of cake is called mooncake.4）People use a keyboard to type information into the computer.5）The windows in ou

5、r classroom are cleaned once a week.BBAAAThe students clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by the students如何把主动语态变成被动语态？主语动词宾语主语be+doneby+sb 主动变被动口诀：1.宾语变主语 2.动词变 be+done 3.主语变 by+sb.by many students.1.Many students study English.English is studied2.They make shoes in that factory.

6、Shoes are madeby them in that factory.一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词过去分词1.They bought a computer last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedA computerwas bought 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态:1 Mill

7、ie printed this picture last week.2.He sells coke in a small shop.This picture was printed by Millie last week.Coke is sold in a small shop.3.Some of us dont like English.4.Did your parent look after you in the hospital?English isnt liked by some of us.Were you looked after by your parent in the hos

8、pital?What they do every yearThey plan charity activities to help the poor.Volunteers hand out leaflets to people in the street.They sell toys and CDs to raise money.123Charity activities are planned to help the poor.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.Toys and CDs are sold

9、 to raise money.Try Itn.传单传单,散页印刷品散页印刷品分发分发,提出提出hand out=give outhand in 上交上交What they did last week456The Class 1,Grade 8 students sent new books to the children in poor areas.They collected warm clothes for poor people.The Students Union held a charity show.New books were sent to children in poor

10、areas by the Class 1,Grade 8 students.Warm clothes were collected for poor people.A charity show was held by the Students Union.collect sth for sb 为某人收集某物为某人收集某物donate sth to sb raise money for sbn.collection was set up was opened are sold is used is called was started were given are built创建，建立创建，建立

11、 set-set-sethand outhold-held-heldset-set-setset upleaflet(s)including1.分发，提出分发，提出2.vt&vi举行，举行，3.创建，建立创建，建立4.建起，设立建起，设立5.传单传单6.包含包含(prep)Words&phrase review根据句意完成句子根据句意完成句子.1.Why not hand out _(传单传单)to call on people to protect the environment?2.They _(hold)a talk on good table manners next Friday.3

12、.Ten people were hurt in the car accident,_(包含包含)two babies.4.Oxfam was_(创立创立)up in the UK in 1942.5.The teacher of Class 4 _(举行举行)a charity show last week.6.The teacher is _(hand)out exam paper.leafletswill holdincludingsetheldhanding中考链接中考链接1.The Olympic Games every four years.A.are held B.were he

13、ld C.are holding D.will hold2.Today Chinese _ by more and more people around the world.A.was spoken B.is spoken C.spoke D.speakAB3.Children _ in China.A is taken good care B have taken good care C are taken good care of D must take care of4.The bridge _ by the peasants themselves in 1980.A was built

14、 C has been built B will be built D built CA1.Good medicine _ bitter(苦的苦的)to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste2.Listen!The music _ nice.A.sounds B.is sounded C.is sounding考点一：考点一：无被动无被动1.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态be,smell,taste,look,sound,get,turn,become,go,seem,feel.1.The pen _well.A.is writte

15、n B.writes 2.This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sellsBC2.read,draw,cook,clean,sell,2.read,draw,cook,clean,sell,ride,grow,wash,write,cut,grow ride,grow,wash,write,cut,grow 等等表示事物属性表示事物属性(品质，性能）品质，性能）的词的词(与与well,easilywell,easily连用时无被动连用时无被动)特例：这书卖完了。特例：这书卖完了。The book is sold out.1.Many people _ durin

16、g the earthquake in May,2008.A.were died B.dead C.died2.It will happen in 50 years.()3.It will be happened in 50 years.()x3.不及物动词没有被动语态不及物动词没有被动语态happen,take place,run out,break down,appear,disappear,last,rise,develop,come out(出版出版),come true,succeed,fall,die,arrive,end,belong,等等5.表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静

17、态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 6.祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。4.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 7.有些动词如need，be worth用主动的形式表被动

18、的含义。need/want/require doing=need/want/require to be doneThe watch needs repairing.e.g.Your hair needs cutting（同义句）_ Your hair needs to be cut.The book is worth reading.The boss makes the workers work all day.I often hear her sing in the room.The workers are made _ _ all day.She is often heard _ _ in

19、 the room.to work to sing1.感官动词感官动词,使役动词在变成被动语态时使役动词在变成被动语态时,“do”要变成要变成“to do”1)感官动词感官动词：see/hear/notice/watch sb.do sth.2)使役动词：使役动词：let/make/have sb.do sth.sb.be seen/heard/noticed/watched to do sth.sb.be let/made/had to do sth.考点二：考点二：to的还原的还原注意：3)see/hear/notice/watch sb.doing sth.e.g.We saw them

20、 playing football there.They were seen_ football there.I noticed a man running out of the building.A man was noticed_ out of the building.playingrunningSb.be seen/heard/noticed/watched doing sth.考点三考点三 双宾语结构双宾语结构 主语为物，添加主语为物，添加 to/for 1)give/send/show/pass/sell/teach sb.sth.sth.be given/sent/showed/

21、passed/sold/taught to sb.My father gave me a computer on my birthday.I _ _ a computer by my father.was givenA computer _ _ _ me by my father.was given to 2)sing/buy/make/draw/cook sth.be sung/bought/made/drawn/cooked for sb.I bought some flowers for my teacher.My teacher _ _some flowers by me.were b

22、ought for Some flowers_ _ _ my teacher by me.was boughtlook after、take care of、speak to、listen to laugh at、cut down、pay attention toThey looked after the children The children were well looked after.考点四：介词，副词不要漏考点四：介词，副词不要漏He often laughs at the poor boy.The poor boy is often laughed at by him.I hav

23、e two dresses made of silk.The food kept in the fridge went bad.The man called Jim is my cousin.The building built last year is our library.The people invited to the party were very happy yesterday.The book written by him sells very well.考点五考点五:过去分词作后置定语过去分词作后置定语It is/was reported/believed/supposed

24、that.考点六 固定表达It is/was said that “据说”2018江苏省徐州中考第6题6.The latest mobile phone _ in China.A.will make B.has made C.is making D.is made2018江苏省连云港中考第49题49.Some foreigners living in our city will be _ (邀请)to share their life experiences with us.2018江苏省无锡中考第53题53.Stephen Hawking(霍金)_(consider认为)to be the

25、greatest scientist in history,along with Isaac Newton(牛顿)and Albert Einstein(爱因斯坦).Dinvitedis considered2018江苏省宿迁中考第12题12.-How is our government going to deal with the office building?-It will be _ a library.A.turned off B.turned on C.turned out D.turned into2018江苏省常州中考第26题26.-Bad luck!My watch does

26、nt work well.-Take it easy(别着急).It just needs _(repair).Drepairingto be repaired2018江苏省常州中考第26题28.Zhu Ting,one of the best volleyball players of China,says she will return whenever she _(need).2018江苏省淮安中考第15题He explained again and again in order to make what he did _.Aunderstand Bunderstood Cto unde

27、rstand Dunderstanding 2018江苏省南通中考第8题8.Mrs Brown,how long can books from the school library _?At most two weeks.A.borrow B.keep C.be borrowed D.be keptis neededBD2018江苏省扬州中考第12题12.-What are you watching?-The Story of China.This part _ at China Block Printing(雕版印刷)Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.A.filmed(摄

28、制)B.was filmed C.has filmed D.is filmedB2018江苏省南通中考第65题65.Does your PE teacher teach you Chinese Kung fu?（改为被动语态）_ you _ Chinese Kung fu by your PE teacher?Are taught1.It is said that a space station _(build)on the moon.How amazing!But it may take a long time,I guess.(2016 无锡无锡)2.As soon as he _ (of

29、fer)a well-paid job,he called his parents to tell them the good news.(2016 无锡无锡)3.Cleverness is a gift;kindness is a choice.Gifts are easythey (give)after all.Choices can be hard.(2015 无锡无锡)4.Wuxi underground line 4 _(expect)to be in service later in this month.(2014 无锡无锡)5.I believe that an importa

30、nt moment like this should _(not forget).(2013常州常州)will be builtnot be forgottenis expectedare givenwas offered 1.Have you finished your report on green life?Not yet.Ill make it if I _ another two days.(2016 扬扬州州)A.given B.am given C.will given D.will be given 2.Why hasnt Tony come？The invitation le

31、tter _ to Toby by accident.(2017 苏苏州州)A.was emailed B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed3.This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,_ well.(2013 常州常州)A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold4.The food looked bad,but it _ OK.So we cant judge(判断判断)a man by his appearance.(2013 兰州兰州)A.is tasted B.ta

32、sted C.was tasted D.taste5.The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never _.(2015泰州泰州)A.be put out B.put out C.be run out D.run out6.In many places in China,the old over 90_not only by their families but also by the government.A.is taking good care B.are taken good care of C.is taking good care of D.are taken good care7.People _ running everywhere.Do you know what _?A.are seeing;had happened B.see;has happened C.are seen;has happened D.see;happens8.Jim _ clean up the classroom this morning.A.was seen to B.seen C.saw to D.saw