研究生精读教程(第三版)下册Unit-6-Culture-Shock课件.ppt

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1、研究生英语精读教程(第三版下)Unit SixCulture Shock 1.Text 2.Exercise 3.Supplementary ReadingCulture ShockKalvero ObergMenuTranslation1.transplantv.move,relocate移居；移植2.ailmentn.anillness,esp.onethatisnotserious疾病(尤指不严重的小毛病)MenuTranslation1Cultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytra

2、nsplanted*abroad.Likemostailments*,ithasitsownsymptomsandcure.Thosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichweorient*ourselvestothesituationofdailylife;whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatement

3、sseriouslyandwhennot.1.orientv.adjustoradapttoaparticularsituation使适应(环境)；定向,采取方向MenuThesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms*,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindand

4、ourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues*,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.1.normn.standardofproperbehaviororprincipleofrightandwrong规范,准则2.cuen.signalthatguidesbehavior;informationthatindicateswhattodo行动的方向(方针)；(应如何行动的)暗示；准则TranslationMenu3Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,all

5、ormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofprops*havebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.1.propn.support支柱,靠山MenuAnotherphaseofcultureshockisregression*.Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatrem

6、endousimportance.Totheforeignereverythingbecomesirrationally*glorified*.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.1.regressionn.backwardmovement;reversion退步；回归；退回2.irrationallyadv.unreasonably无理地,荒唐地3.glorifyv.ca

7、usetoappearmoreimportantthaninreality使更重要；美化MenuTranslation4Someofthesymptoms*ofcultureshockareexcessivewashingofthehands,excessiveconcernoverdrinkingwater,fooddishes,andbedding;fearofphysicalcontactwithattendants,theabsent-mindedstare;1.symptomn.changeinbodyfunctionfeltbythepatient症状Menu5Individual

8、sdiffergreatlyinthedegreeinwhichcultureshockaffectsthem.Althoughnotcommon,thereareindividualswhocannotliveinforeigncountries.However,thosewhohaveseenpeoplegothroughcultureshockandontoasatisfactoryadjustmentcandiscern*stepsintheprocess.1.discernv.see,noticeorunderstandesp.withdifficulty(尤指费劲)分辨,识别,看出

9、MenuThishoneymoonstagemaylastfromafewdaysorweekstosixmonths,dependingoncircumstances.Ifoneisveryimportant,heorshewillbeshowntheshowplaces,willbepampered*andpetted*,fortableandcontented;treattookindly纵容,娇养2.petv.showspecialkindnessandcareforthecomfortof宠爱,娇养；爱抚TranslationMenu6Butthismentality*doesnot

10、normallylastiftheforeignvisitorremainsabroadandhasseriouslytocopewithrealconditionsoflife.Itisthenthatthesecondstagebegins,characterizedbyahostileandaggressiveattitudetowardthehostcountry.1.mentalityn.character,habitsofthought个性，思想习惯，心理MenuTheyhelp,buttheydontunderstandyourgreatconcernoverthesediffi

11、culties.Therefore,theymustbeinsensitiveandunsympathetictoyouandyourworries.Theresult,Ijustdontlikethem.“Youbecomeaggressive,youbandtogetherwithothersfromyourcountryandcriticizethehostcountry,itsways,anditspeople.MenuButthiscriticismisnotanobjectiveappraisal*.Insteadoftryingtoaccountfortheconditionsa

12、ndthehistoricalcircumstanceswhichhavecreatedthem,youtalkasifthedifficultiesyouexperiencearemoreorlesscreatedbythepeopleofthehostcountryforyourspecialdiscomfort.1.appraisaln.valuation评价TranslationMenu7Youtake refuge*inthecolony*ofothersfromyourcountrywhichoftenbecomesthefountainhead*ofemotionallychar

13、gedlabelsknownasstereotypes*.1.refugen.protectionorshelterfromdanger避难处，逃避2.colonyn.侨居地；殖民地3.fountainheadn.source根源4.stereotypen.afixedpatternwhichisbehavedtorepresentatypeofpersonorevent代表某种或事的固定格式，框框，老套子；套话MenuThisisapeculiarkindofoffensive*shorthand*whichcaricatures*thehostcountryanditspeopleinan

14、egativemanner.ThedollargraspingAmericanandtheindolent*LatinAmericans“aresamplesofmildformsofstereotypes.1.offensiveadj.disagreeable令人不快的2.shorthandn.stenography速写，速记3.caricaturev.makeorgiveanexaggeratedimagethatmakesfunofthethingbeingrepresented讽刺4.indolentadj.lazy懒惰MenuThesecondstageofcultureshocki

15、sinasenseacrisisinthedisease.Ifyoucomeoutofit,youstay;ifnot,youleavebeforeyoureachthestageofanervousbreakdown.8Ifvisitorssucceedingettingsomeknowledgeofthelanguageandbegintogetaroundbythemselves,theyarebeginningtoopenthewayintothenewculturalenvironment.MenuTranslation9Inthefourthstage,youradjustment

16、isaboutascompleteasitcanbe.Thevisitornowacceptsthecustomsofthecountryasjustanotherwayofliving.Youoperatewithinthenewsurroundingswithoutafeelingofanxiety,althoughtherearemomentsofsocialstrain.Onlywithacompletegraspofallthecuesofsocialintercoursewillthisstraindisappear.MenuForalongtimetheindividualwil

17、lunderstandwhatthenationalissayingbutisnotalwayssurewhatthenationalmeans.Withacompleteadjustmentyounotonlyacceptthefood,drinks,habits,andcustoms,butactuallybegintoenjoythem.Whenyougohomeonleave,youmayeventakethingsbackwithyou;andifyouleaveforgood,yougenerallymissthecountryandthepeopletowhomyoubecame

18、accustomed.TranslationMenuExercise.Comprehension.Vocabulary.Close.Translation(EnglishtoChinese).Translation(ChinesetoEnglish).WritingMenu.Comprehension2.Thesignsorcuesofcultureshockgivenbytheauthorinvolveallthefollowingexcept_.A.whenandhowtogivetipsB.whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennotC.howtotre

19、atsickandinjuredpeopleD.howtogoshoppingandmakepurchases3.Assoonasanindividualvisitsaforeigncountry,heusuallyexperiencesthe_stageofcultureshock.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourthMenuAnswers4.Whenoneisinthesecondstageofcultureshock,one_.A.ispoliteandgracioustoforeignersB.makesjokesaboutthehostcultureC.fin

20、dsthenativepeopleunfriendlyandunsympatheticD.enjoysthecustomsofthehostculture.ComprehensionMenuAnswers6.Whenoneisapproachinganervousbreakdownbecauseofcultureshock,thebestwaytocurehimorheristo_.A.referhimtoagooddoctorB.askhimtolivewiththenativepeopleC.sendhimbacktohishomecultureD.lethimenjoythecompan

21、yofpeoplefromhishomeculture.ComprehensionMenuAnswers7.Inthethirdstageofcultureshock,visitorsbeginto_.A.learnsomenativelanguageB.getaroundC.replaceaggressionwithhumorD.takeasuperiorattitude.ComprehensionAnswersMenu8.Thefourthstageofcultureshockischaracterizedby_.A.asuperiorattitudetowardthehostcountr

22、yB.acompleteadjustmenttothenewculturalenvironmentsC.enjoymentofthehostcultureD.acceptanceofthecustomsofthehostcountry.ComprehensionMenuAnswers9.Onceonehasadjustedtoaforeignculture,one_onreturninghome.A.willhatehisstayabroadB.willnotsufferfromcultureshockC.maybeusedtotheenvironmentD.mayexperiencereve

23、rsecultureshock.ComprehensionAnswersMenu10.Fromthetextitcanbeseenthat_.A.cultureshockcanneverbecuredB.cultureshockcanbecuredC.everyonehatescultureshockD.cultureshockisaphysicalailment.ComprehensionMenuAnswers.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the

24、 underlined word or phrase.1.Cultureshockisprecipitatedbytheanxietyoflivinginastrangeculture.A.protectedB.detectedC.treatedD.caused2.Thelecturewasdesignedtoorientnewstudentsinunfamiliarsituations.A.adapt.toB.organize.inC.lead.inD.prepare.forAnswersMenu.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,

25、B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.3.Theoldladyoftenspendshertimegrousingtowhomeverwilllistenabouthowunfriendlyandunsympatheticherneighborsare.A.talkingB.complainingC.speakingD.telling4.Theylackthestrengthtocopewithalltheseproblems.A.takechargeB.treatC.dealwithD.m

26、anageMenuAnswers.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.5.Johnismoreskilledatcaricaturethanheisatacting.A.drawingB.mimickingC.playingD.reciting6.Mychiefobjectiontothebookisthatthecharactersarestereotyped.A.overdoneB.poorl

27、ydrawnC.incompleteD.lackinginindividualityAnswersMenu.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.7.Itwasdifficulttodiscernwhichofthemwastoblame.A.distinguishB.selectC.tellD.choose8.Theyallappraisedthehousecarefullybeforeoffer

28、ingtobuyit.A.inspectedB.checkedC.evaluatedD.praisedMenuAnswers.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.9.Itisirrationaltobeafraidofthenumber13.A.unfortunateB.unreasonableC.invisibleD.intelligible10.UndertheTudorsmanyEnglis

29、hpeopleweretransplantedtoIreland.A.exiledB.dispatchedC.sailedD.movedAnswersMenu.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.11.Beingastranger,hetookhis_fromtheactionsofthenatives.A.noticeB.opinionC.cueD.sign12.Idontthinkitwiseofyouto_yourchild.A.teachB.pamperC.lookafterD.attendt

30、oMenuAnswers.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.13.Youwillspoilyourchildifyou_ittoomuch.A.treatB.petC.strikeD.help14.Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof_.A.comfortB.leisureC.indolenceD.industryAnswersMenu.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer i

31、s correct.15.Hiswifehasbeen_alotofpressureonhimtochangehisjob.A.takingB.exertingC.givingD.pushing16.Icantunderstandthe_ofanyonewhowoulddoaterriblethinglikethat.A.mentalityB.powerC.intelligenceD.functionMenuAnswers.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.17.Inmathematicsthisc

32、lassisabovethe_fortheseniors.A.formulaB.equation C.normD.mode18.Asonshouldbethe_ofhisparentsintheiroldage.A.stickB.caneC.earnerD.propAnswersMenu.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.19.TheirforeignteachersareJapanese_residinginChina.A.personsB.nationalsC.nativesD.ethnics2

33、0.Theyare_togethercloselybytiesofcommoninterests.A.sealedB.connectedC.bandedD.mixedMenuAnswers.CloseRead the passage through and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A,B,C or D for each blank in the passage.Peopleregardtheprocessofchangeinanumberofdifferentwaysasgoodandasevil,asfunandasannoying

34、.Italldependsonthesituation,thetypeofchangeandthedegreeofchange.Thesubjectmeritsconsideration,foratnotimeinhumanhistory1facedwithnotonlysomanychanges,butalsosuchunprecedentedchanges.1.A.peoplehavebeenB.havepeoplebeenC.peoplehadD.werepeopleAnswersMenu.CloseInthepast,majordisasters,suchaswars,plaguesa

35、ndearthquakes,coulddestroyonlya2ofthehumanraceandenvironment.Butnow,3thefirsttimeweareawarethatthereexiststhe4foradisasterwhichwouldaffecteveryone,everywhere.2.A.fractionB.frictionC.fragmentD.Fiction3.A.inB.atC.for D.on4.A.indicationB.alternativeC.potentialD.realizationMenuAnswersInthepast,forsomany

36、yearstheexistenceofseeminglyboundless5meantthatthereappearedtobe6necessitytoconsiderthegradualdrain7them.Thereissimply8lefttogo,andtheeffectsonthemindhavebeengreat.5.A.sourcesB.wealthC.resortsD.resources6.A.littleB.anyC.hardlyD.without7.A.onB.atC.forD.in8.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.nowhereD.elsewhereAns

37、wersMenuInthepast,avitalconcernwasalwaysthematterofhavinga(n)9numberofchildrentoprotectmansphysicalexistenceand10culturalheritage.Today,humansurvivaldependsmoreonreducingthenumberofchildren11thanincreasingit.9.A.adequateB.substantialC.sufficientD.accumulative11.A.theirB.ourC.itsD.Your12.A.lessB.othe

38、rC.ratherD.quiteMenuAnswersPossiblytheyoungwhoare12inneedoflearninghowtoadapttotherealitiesofmodernsocietycanadjusttothesechangesmoreeasilythancanolderpeople.Afterall,theoldhavealreadyhadtoadapttothe13changesofanumberofgenerations.12.A.veryB.mostC.bestD.More13.A.succeedingB.successiveC.subsequentD.c

39、onsequentialAnswersMenuOntheotherhand,perhapsthehumanracehasreachedasaturationpoint14changeisconcerned,andthosewhoarefacedwithanoverwhelmingamountofitsimplycannotcope.Unfortunately,15isnolongeranyplacetogoandhide.14.A.insofarasB.evenifC.asthoughD.sothat15.A.thatB.herC.thereD.itMenuAnswers.Translatio

40、n(English to Chinese)Cultureshockistheeffectthatimmersioninastrangeculturehasontheunpreparedvisitor.PeaceCorpsvolunteerssufferfromitinBorneoorBrazil.MarcoPoloprobablysufferedfromitinCathay.Cultureshockiswhathappenswhenatravelersuddenlyfindshimselfinaplacewhereyesmaymeanno,whereafixedpriceisnegotiabl

41、e,wherelaughtermaysignifyanger.AnswersMenu.Translation(English to Chinese)Itiswhathappenswhenthefamiliarpsychologicalcuesthathelpanindividualtofunctioninsocietyaresuddenlywithdrawnandreplacedbynewonesthatarestrangeorincomprehensible.MenuAnswers.Translation(Chinese to English)1.他做此事既为自己也为儿子。(asmuchas

42、)2.他连一种外语都不懂，同这么多外国人在一起感到很不自在。(likeafishoutofwater)3.医生说他的病情同昨天差不多。(muchthesame)4.我设法和他办公室联系时，他正巧在家休假。(onleave)AnswersMenu.Translation(Chinese to English)5.我们以为她只是来看我们。看来她要永远住下去。6.学外语要为突破生字难关，至少要记5000字，此外多多益善。生字除了死记没有什么别的办法。你们十几二十岁的青年记性好，过了30岁记生字就困难了。记生字就要下苦功夫，没有什么捷径可走。一个生字要读许多遍，要多和它见面，还要运用它，才能记住。Me

43、nuAnswers.Writing1.Title:FutureShock2.Timelimit:30minutes3.Wordlimit:120150wordsMenuAnswers.SupplementaryReading.QuestionsSupplementary ReadingMenuSupplementary Reading1IstheUnitedStatesameltingpot?Inotherwords,haveimmigrantstotheUSAmergedwiththenativeAmericansandceasedtobeGermans,Japanese,Poles,Iri

44、sh,etc.?Ithasbeensuggestedthatapotofstewmightbeamoresuitablewordthanmeltingpot,forinastewthemeatandvegetableskeeptheirowncharacteristics,butthankstothespicesandthewayitiscooked,thestewhasadistinctiveflavorofitsown.MenuSupplementary Reading2TheimplicationsofmeltingpotdisturbAmericansocialworkersandla

45、nguageteachers,manyofwhomfeelthatracialandnationalgroupsshouldbeencouragedtopreservetheircustoms,traditionsandlanguages.AtthesametimeitisagreedthatallAmericans,whatevertheirorigins,mustlearntospeakEnglishclearlyandfluently,andthattheymustlearntoadaptthemselvestotheAmericanwayoflife.MenuSupplementary

46、 Reading3However,thereareethnicgroupswhostillsticktogether,whospeaktheirownlanguagesandhavepreservedmanyoftheiroldcustoms.ThereareHispaniccommunities,e.g.Mexicans,Cubans,PuertoRicans,mostofwhomstillspeakSpanishastheirfirstlanguage.TherearetheAmericanIndiansandvariousAsiangroups,allofwhomspeaktheirow

47、nlanguages.Thentherearethe20millionblackswho,thoughtheyspeakEnglish,forthemostpartliveseparately.MenuSupplementary Reading4ManydescendantsofEuropeanimmigrantshavealsostayedtogetheringroups.LargenumbersofthehundredsofthousandsofItalianslivetogetherinneighborhoodswhicharepredominantlyItalian.Therearel

48、argeGermanandIrishneighborhoodsincitieslikeChicago,andGermanandScandinavianfarmingcommunitiesontheGreatPlainsandinMichigan.ThelittlecityofFrankenmuth,Michigan,foundedbyGermanmissionariesin1840,stillhasapopulationwhichisabout90%Germaninorigin.MenuSupplementary ReadingFiftypercentofthepeoplestillspeak

49、German,andtherearespecialGermanservicesintheLutheranchurcheverySunday.WiththeexceptionoftheAngloSaxons,theGermansarethelargestethnicgroupintheUSA.AmericansofGermanancestryhavemadeaconsiderablecontributiontotheiradoptedlandandhavehelpedtoenrichadistinctiveAmericanEnglishlanguage.MenuSupplementary Rea

50、dingItisalittleknownfactthattherewerealreadyhalfamillionGermansinAmericaatthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution.Thecommanders-in-chiefinbothworldwarswereofGermanancestry-GeneralPershinginWorldWarIandGeneralEisenhowerinWorldWar.MenuSupplementary ReadingSomeIrishAmericanswhoseancestorscametotheUSAinthemiddle