MicroRNA(miRNA)课件.ppt

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1、n nWang yongqingn nphysiology,school of life sciencen n04/24/2006miRNA的生物合成过程The Biogenesis of miRNAsn n2005;32(8)2005;32(8)生物化学与生物物理进展生物化学与生物物理进展 2005;32(8)2005;32(8)ProgProgBiochem BiophysBiochem Biophysn n 李伟李伟 金由辛金由辛 LI WeiLI Wei，JIN You-XinJIN You-Xinn n中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物

2、化学与细胞生物学研究所，分子生物学国家重点实验室，上海究所，分子生物学国家重点实验室，上海 200031 200031 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Shanghai Institutes for Bi

3、ological Sciences，The Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shanghai 200031Shanghai 200031，ChinaChina摘 要n nMicroRNA(miRNA)MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类真核生物内源性的小分子单链是一类真核生物内源性的小分子单链RNARNA，通，通常为常为181825 nt25 nt长长,能够通过与靶能够通过与靶mRNAmRNA特异性的碱基配对引起靶特异性的碱基配对引起靶mRNAmRNA的降解或者抑制其翻译，从而对基因进行转录后的表达调的降解

4、或者抑制其翻译，从而对基因进行转录后的表达调控近几年来控近几年来,在动物细胞和植物组织中在动物细胞和植物组织中,上百种上百种miRNAmiRNA被陆续发被陆续发现这些小分子调控现这些小分子调控RNARNA是从是从60200 nt60200 nt的具有发夹状结构的前的具有发夹状结构的前体中被切割出来而成熟的，在动物细胞中，体中被切割出来而成熟的，在动物细胞中，miRNAmiRNA基因的转录初基因的转录初产物产物(pri-miRMA)(pri-miRMA)很快被一种核糖核酸酶很快被一种核糖核酸酶DroshaDrosha加工成为加工成为miRNAmiRNA前体前体(pre-miRNA)(pre-mi

5、RNA)，然后由细胞核转运至细胞质中，经另，然后由细胞核转运至细胞质中，经另一种核糖核酸酶一种核糖核酸酶DicerDicer识别剪切为成熟识别剪切为成熟miRNAmiRNA对这一过程进行对这一过程进行了简要的综述，并且对植物了简要的综述，并且对植物miRNAmiRNA的成熟过程也进行了探讨对的成熟过程也进行了探讨对miRNAmiRNA的生物合成过程的深入了解，将有助于研究这一类起重要的生物合成过程的深入了解，将有助于研究这一类起重要调控作用的调控作用的RNARNA是如何行使功能的，从而进一步研究其在生长发是如何行使功能的，从而进一步研究其在生长发育及各种疾病中所起的重要作用育及各种疾病中所起的

6、重要作用 关键词关键词关键词关键词 miRNA miRNA的成熟的成熟 miRNA miRNA miRNA miRNA初级转录产物初级转录产物 miRNA miRNA前体前体Abstractn nMicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous single-stranded RNAs of 18-25nt in MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous single-stranded RNAs of 18-25nt in eukaryotic organismseukaryotic organisms，which can regulate the comp

7、lementary mRNAs at the post-which can regulate the complementary mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA targetstargetsRecent yearsRecent years，several hundred miRN

8、As from animals and plants have several hundred miRNAs from animals and plants have been identifiedbeen identifiedThese small modulatory RNAs are cleavaged from a precursor of These small modulatory RNAs are cleavaged from a precursor of 60200nt RNA hairpin60200nt RNA hairpinIn animalsIn animals，the

9、 primary transcripts of miRNA genes(pri-the primary transcripts of miRNA genes(pri-miRNAs)are recognized and cleaved into precursor miRNAs(pre-miRNAs)soon miRNAs)are recognized and cleaved into precursor miRNAs(pre-miRNAs)soon by an RNaseIII family nuclease,Droshaby an RNaseIII family nuclease,Drosh

10、a；thenthen，pre-miRNAs are transported from pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasmthe nucleus to the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasm，pre-miRNAs ale recognized pre-miRNAs ale recognized and processed into their mature form by another RNaseIIIand processed into

11、 their mature form by another RNaseIII，DicerDicerThe procedure The procedure is briefly summarized,and the biogenesis of plant miRNAs is also discussedis briefly summarized,and the biogenesis of plant miRNAs is also discussedFurther research on the pathway of miRNA maturation can help us to know the

12、 Further research on the pathway of miRNA maturation can help us to know the mechanism of these small RNAs acted as important regulatorsmechanism of these small RNAs acted as important regulators，and can investigate and can investigate their critical roles during development and diseasetheir critica

13、l roles during development and diseasen nKey wordsKey words miRNA maturation miRNA maturation，miRNAmiRNA，pri-miRNApri-miRNA，pre-miRNApre-miRNAn nMicroRNA(miRNA)是一类真核生物内源性的小分子单链RNA，通常为1825nt长,能够通过与靶mRNA特异性的碱基配对引起靶mRNA的降解或者抑制其翻译，从而对基因进行转录后的表达调控。n nMicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous single-stranded RNAs o

14、f 18-25nt in eukaryotic organisms,which can regulate the complementary mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA targetsn n,which can regulate genes at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of the mRNA targe

15、ts in a specific base pairing manner n n近几年来,在动物细胞和植物组织中,上百种miRNA被陆续发现。n nRecent years，several hundred miRNAs from animals and plants have been identifiedn nRecent years,more than hundred miRNAs have been identified from animals and plants in succession.n n这些小分子调控RNA是从60200 nt的具有发夹状结构的前体中被切割出来而成熟的n

16、nThese small modulatory RNAs are cleavaged from a precursor of 60200nt RNA hairpinn nThese small modulatory RNAs are cleavaged from precursors of 60200nt RNA hairpinn n然后由细胞核转运至细胞质中，经另一种核糖核酸酶Dicer识别剪切为成熟miRNA n nthen，pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasm，p

17、re-miRNAs are recognized and processed into their mature form by another RNaseIII，Dicern nIn cytoplasm，pre-miRNAs are recognized and processed into their mature form(miRNA)by another RNaseIII，Dicern n对这一过程进行了简要的综述，并且对植物miRNA的成熟过程也进行了探讨n nThe procedure is briefly summarized,and the biogenesis of plant miRNAs is also discussed 关键词关键词 Key words miRNA的成熟 miRNA maturation miRNA miRNA miRNA初级转录产物 pri-miRNA miRNA前体 pre-miRNA