2015中考英语阅读理解4类文体12篇真题考前强化练习.pdf

《2015中考英语阅读理解4类文体12篇真题考前强化练习.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2015中考英语阅读理解4类文体12篇真题考前强化练习.pdf（22页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、阅读理解01命题趋势考标导向化1.命题原则(1)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。(2)要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意 图 等“弦外之音”。(3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。(4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。2.试题特点阅读理解题要求学生根据材料的内容从

2、四个(或三个)选项中选出最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。3.阅读材料的选取特点(1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是30-40分，是中考试题中的重头戏。(2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。答案一般可以直接在文章中找到，有的虽不能直接在文章中找到，但文章中有它们的同义形式或通过某些暗示及关键信息都可推测出。(3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广

3、告以及各类图表等。选用这些材料不仅能提高测试的真实性，还能通过展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发学生的学习动力。预计2015年中考会加大对学生阅读理解能力的考查，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和社会话题，为学生所感兴趣；在题设方面会加大对考生理解能力和推测能力的考查。02方法归纳能力提升化1.阅读全文，捕捉信息、。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。2.注意首句，抓住中心。俗 话 说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一

4、篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。3.优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。4.复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。03整合集训反馈层级化记叙篇A（2014 十堰）F rommyfatherlha

5、velearnedalot.Andi mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenlwasachiIdmyfatheralwaysgotupveryearly,quietlyputtingonhisclothesandgoingofftowork.Toarriveintimetoopenhistinystoreat8:30,heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6:30.AfteralLhehadtotakeabusandthenthesubway.Thelastjourneywasalongwalkthroughaneighborhoodmuchofw

6、hichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:Itisveryimportanttowork.Noexcuse.Whenlwasl2,Iwould,onsomeSaturdays，gotomyfather,sstoretohelpout.Afterhelpingsetuptheoutsideclothingdisplay,fortherestoftheday,I dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.Whenlnoticedsomeonelookingunusualorstrange,Iwouldlookthepersonint

7、heeye,smileandsay,“Maylhelpyou“Usuallythatworked,butsometimes,someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Thefirsttime,Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted,Martin,stop!Thereisnoneedtodothat.v It struethatsafetyismoreimportantthanmoney.AfterlOyearsofhardwork,hesavedupenoughmoneytobuyhisfirstcar,acheapone一hewouldn

8、 tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffordtopayforitwithoutborrowingmoney.11earned:B uyon1ywhatyoucanafford.B uyingnecessaryfoodandclothingwon tmakeusgoindebt(债务).TheunnecessarythingswonJ tgiveushappiness,whichcomesfromachievementonly.()1.Whatshopdi.dtheauthorJ sfatherownA.Abookshop.B.Acoffeeshop.C.Aclothingshop.D.

9、Afoodshop.()2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassageA.TheauthorranafterthievesmanytimesB.Theauthorthankedhisfatheralot.C.Theauthor,sfatherworkedveryhard.D.Theauthor,sfathermadesomemoney.()3.AlIthefollowingaretalkedaboutint h e p a s s a g e E X C E P T.A.theimportanceofworki.ngB.thegoodwa

10、ystokeephealthyC.thesafetycomesbeforemoneyD.that it sbadtospendmorethanyoumakeC)4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatusuallymakespeoplegoindebtA.Torentahouseforthefamily.B.Tosendtheirchildrentoschool.C.Toenjoysomethingunnecessary.D.tobuyenoughfoodforthefamily.()5.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutA.Howtoliveahappyli

11、fe.B.Whatmakesapersoasuccessful.C.Thehelptheauthorgotfromhisfather.D.WhattheauthorlearnedfromhisfatherB(2014 河南)Oncetherewasamantravelinginafarawayvillage.Ashewaspassingtheelephants,hesuddenlystopped.Hefoundthatthesehugeelephantswerebeingheldbyonlyasmallropetiedtotheirfrontleg.Nochains(锁 链)，nocages.

12、Itwasclearthattheelephantscould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirropesbutforsomereason,theydidnot.Hesawatrainernearbyandaskedwhytheseanimalsjuststoodthereanddidn,ttrytogetaway.Well,“thetrainersaid,whentheyareveryyoungandmuchsmallerweusethesamesizeropetotiethemand,atthatage,it senoughtoholdthem.Astheygrow

13、up,theysti1Ibelievetheycannotbreakaway.Theybelievetheropecanholdthem,sotheynevertrytobreakfree.HowcoulditbeTheseanimalscouldatanytimebreakfreefromtheirropes.B utbecausetheywerealwaysstuckrightwheretheywere,theybelievedtheycouldn,t.Justliketheelephants,howmanyofusgothroughli febelievingthatwecannotdo

14、something,justbecausewefailedatitoncebefore.Weshouldnevergiveupthestruggleinl ife.()1.WhatdidthewriterseeinthevillageA.Chains.B.Elephants.C.Cages.D.F armers.()2.WhydotheelephantsnevertrytobreakfreefromtheropesA.B ecausetheythinktheycannot.B.B ecausetheyaretoooldtodoit.C.B ecausetheyliketheirlivingpl

15、aces.D.B ecausetheygetonwellwiththetrainer.()3.HowdidthemanfeelafterheheardwhatthetrainersaidA.Moved.B.Surprised.C.Angry.D.Nervous.()4.WhichofthefollowingisthemissingpartinthelastparagraphA.F ailingispartoflearning.B.Weshouldbedifferentfromothers.C.Helpinganimalsishelpingourselves.D.Travelingalwaysm

16、akespeoplerelaxed()5.WhatisthebesttitleforthistextA.APleasantTrip.B.ACruelTrainer.C.ElephantTraining.D.TheElephantRope.C(2014东营)Pennywasafive-year-oldgirl.Onedaywhensheandhermotherwereinadepartmentstore,Pennysawaplasticpearlnecklace(珍珠项链).Whatabeautifulnecklace!Shewanteditverymuch,soshebegged(乞求)her

17、mothertobuyitforher.Themothersaid,“Well,Icanbuyyouthenecklace,butwhenwegethome,weshoulddiscusswhatyoucandotopayforit.Canwedothatv Pennyagreedwithmuchhappiness,andshegotthenecklace.HowmuchPennylovedthenecklace!Sheworeiteverywhereandeveryminute.Pennyalsodidpart-timejobstomakepocketmoney.Sheworkedveryh

18、ard.Soonshesucceededinpayingoffthepriceforthenecklace.Penny sdaddyknewhowshetriedherbesttogetthenecklace.HealsoknewhowmuchPennycaredaboutit.Onenight,heaskedPennyifshelovedhim.Sure,Daddy.thelittlegirisaid.uThenhowaboutgivingmeyournecklace“Oh,no,Daddy!Notmynecklace!”Pennycried.”Oh,dear,it sfine.herfat

19、hergaveherakiss.Severaldayslater,Pennywenttoherdaddy,withherlips(嘴唇)trembling(颤抖).Here,Daddy.Iloveyou.Sheheldoutherhand.Insideitwastheplasticpearlnecklacethatshelovedsomuch.Whenhesawthis,Penny sfathersmiledwithsurprise.Hethenpulledacuteboxoutofhispocket.Insidetheboxwasarealandcolourfulpearlnecklace,

20、whichwaswaitingforPennyforsolong.()1.Oneday,Penny inadepartmentstore.A.wenttobuyanecklaceB.gotaplasticpearlnecklaceC.boughthermotherapearlnecklaceD.askedhermothertobuysomethingtasty()2.WhydidPennyJ smotheraskPennytopayforthenecklaceherselfB ecauseA.shedidn thaveenoughmoneyB.shewantedtobuyherarealpea

21、rlnecklaceC.shethoughtitwasnotrightforlittlekidstowearanecklaceD.shewantedPennytoknowthatoneshouldbuyandpayforonese1f()3.WhydidPennyJ sfathergivearealnecklacetoherattheendofthestoryB ecause.A.PennywantedoneB.PennygavehimaplasticoneC.hewaspleasedtoseethatPennyhadlearnedwhatloveisD.bethoughtthatpeople

22、wouldlaughathimifPennyworeaplasticone()4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA.Pennyworkedhardtopayfortheplasticnecklace.B.Penny sfatherwantedtheplasticnecklace.C.Pennyknewherfatherhadboughtherarealnecklace.D.Pennygavetheplasticnecklacetoherfatherbecauseshedidn tlikeitanymore（）5

23、.F romthepassage,w e c a n l e a r n.A.parentsshouldbuytheirkidseverythingB.kidsshouldlovetheirparentsC.parentsshouldn,taskforanythingfromtheirkidsD.howtoeducatekidsinarightway说明篇A（2014杭州）HowquicklycanyoucountfromonetotenDoyouusetendifferentwordstodoitCanyoudoitinEnglish,ordoyouhavetouseyourfirstlan

24、guageDoyoucountonyourfingersManypeoplethinkthatnumbersandmatharethesameallovertheworld.B utscientistshavediscoveredthatitisnottrue.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldusedifferentwaystocountontheirfingers.IntheUnitedStates,peoplebegincountingwiththeirfirstfinger,whichtheyextendorstickout.Theythenextendt

25、herestoftheirfingersandfinallythethumb（拇指）tocounttofive.Thentheyrepeatthiswiththeotherhandtogettoten.InChina,peoplecountbyusingdifferentfingerpositions.Inthisway,aChinesepersoncaneasilycounttotenononlyonehand.B esideswaysoffingercounting,scientistshavefoundthatculturesandlanguagesarealsodifferentwhe

26、nitcomestonumbers.Some 1anguageshaveon1yafewwordsfornumbers,andothershavenowordsfornumbers.Agroupofscientistsstudiedaboriginal（土着的)peopleinAustralia.Thesepeopledon thavehandmovementstostandfornumbers.Theydon tevenhavewordsfornumbers.However,theyarestillabletounderstanddifferentideasaboutnumbers.Inas

27、imilarstudy,researchersfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydiscoveredthatpeopleofthePirahatribe(部落)i nnorthwesternB raz i1donJ thavewordsfornumberssuchas one or three”.Theyarenotabletosay“fivetrees”or“tentrees“butcansay“sometrees,moretrees or manytrees”.ProfessorEdwardGibsonsaidthatmostpeoplebe

28、lievethateveryoneknowshowtocountaB uthereisagroupthatdoesnotcount.Theycouldlearn,butit,snotusefulintheirculture,sothey veneverpickeditup.wAlthoughalIhumansareabletounderstandquantities(数量)，notal1languageshavenumbersandnotal1peopleusecounting.Numberwordsinacertainlanguagearearesultofpeopleneedingnumb

29、ersintheirdailylives.Nowweknowthatpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutnumbersandmath,too.()1.Thewriterbeginswiththe.fourquesti o n s i n o r d e r t o.A.makeasurveyB.interestreadersC.tellastoryD.solvemathproblems(A.PeoplefromChinacountmuchfasterthanpeoplefromtheU.S.B.PeoplefromChinaneedtwohandstocountfromo

30、netoten.C.Peopleofdifferentculturesmayusedifferentwaysoffingercounting.D.Peopleofdifferentculturesusethesamewayoffingercounting.()3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutaboriginalAustraliansA.Theyhaveonlyafewwordsfornumbers.B.Theyhavehandmovementstostandfornumbers.C.Theycanonlycounttof iveontheirf ingers.D

31、.Theycanunderstanddifferentideasaboutnumbers.()4.ThestudyofthePirahatribeshowsthat.A.peopleallovertheworldknowhowtocountB.peopleofthetribehavewordsfornumbersC.somegroupsofpeoplearenotsmartenoughtocountD.countingisnotusefulinthecultureofthetribe()5.WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA.Peoplefromdifferentcu

32、ltureshavedif f erenti deas.aboutnumbersandmath.B.ChinesepeoplecancountmoreeasilyontheirfingersthanAmericans.C.Insomeaboriginalcultures,peopledon tevenknowhowtocount.D.Somelanguagesdon?thavenumberwordsbecausepeopledon tneednumbers.B(2014 滨州)Whatdoyouthinkofa utalkingkitchen“AF renchDigitalKitchenhas

33、beendevelopedatNewcastleUniversityintheUK.ItteachesstudentshowtocookF renchfoodandspeakF renchatthesametime.F orthefirsttime,studentscanlearnalanguagebythefollowingcookingsteps.AlIgrammarand A.havebeencareful1ychosentomakesuretheuserscanunderstandF renchwell.Afterlearningforsometime,theuserscantestt

34、hemselvesbydoingashorttestonthecomputer.ThekitchenprojectwasstartedbyProfessorPaulSeedhouse.Hebecameinterestedintheideaafterhevisitedanotherkindoftalkingkitchen.Hesaid,ThepurposeoftheF renchDigitalKitchenistomakelearningalanguagemoreinterestingandmoreeducational.”HowdoesthekitchenworkThereisacompute

35、rinthekitchen.Withthiscomputert h e u s e r s c a n f i r s t c h o o s e a F r e n c h r e c i p et h a t t h e y w a n t t o f o l l o w.U s i n g i n f o r m a t io n i n t h e c o m p u t e r,t h e k i t c h e n s t a r t s t o g u i de t h e u s e r s h o w to m a k e a F r e n c h di s h.I f y

36、 o u f o l l o w t h e i n s tr u c t i o n s o n t h e c o m p u t e r,i t m o v e s o n t o t h e n e x t.I f y o u g o w r o n g,t h e p r o g r a m g o e s b a ck a ndr e p e a tsthe r e cip e o r i nf o r m a ti o n.A ta ny ti m e,the use r sca na l so a sk the k i tche nto r e p e atthe r e ci

37、 p e o r a ny i nf o r m a t i o n.T he ne wk i tche nca nb e use di nscho o l suni ve r si ti e sa nde ve np e o p l eJ sho m e s.The r e se a r che r swi l l a l so b e de ve l o p i ng the E ur o p e a nD i g i ta l K i tche n,f o r the ne x tthr e e y e a r s.()1.A f te r r e a di ng the p a ssa

38、 g e,w e k n o w t h e D i g i t a l K i t c h e n.A.i sa “ta l k i ng k i tche n”B.te a che sstude ntsE ng l i shC.wa sde ve l o p e di nF r a nceD.co o k sa l l f o o df o r p e o p l e()2.W hi cho f the f o l l o wi ng ca nb e p r o p e r ly p uti nAA.f o o dB.vo ca b ul a r yC.r e ci p e D.i nst

39、r ucti o ns()3.P a r a g r a p h3 m a i nl y te l l sustha tA.ho wthe k i tche nwo r k sB.whe r e the k i tche nca nb e use dC.whe nthe k i tche nca nb e b o ug htD.why the k i tche np r o j e ctwa ssta r te d()4.I f the use r sdo n,tf o l l o wthe i nstr ucti o nso nthe co m p ute r,t h ekit c h en

40、.A.cho o se sa no the r r e ci p eB.g o e so nto the ne x tste pC.r e p e a tsthe r e ci p e o r i nf o r m a t i o nD.sto p swo r k i ng a to nce()5.T h e p a s s a g e i s w r i t t e n t o.A.sho wy o uho wco m p ute r wo r k sB.i ntr o duce a F r e nchD i g i ta l K i tche nC.te a chy o uho wto c

41、o o k F r e nchf o o dD.te l l y o uthe i m p o r ta nce o f l a ng ua g e l e ar ni ngC(2 01 4 宁波)ThesmallMiddleEasternnationofQatar（卡塔尔）hasasoccerteam,butithasneverplayedinsoccer,sgreatesttournament,theWorldCup.However,somethingamazingwi1lhappenin2022andatthattimeQatarwi1Ibecomethef irstnationinth

42、eMiddleEasttohostthemen,sSoccerWorldCupgames.Somefanswereconfusedaboutthischoice.WherewilltheathletescompeteQatardoesn thaveanystadiums（体育场）builtyet.Also,theweatherinQatargetsextremelyhotinsummer.However,Qatarhasplanstofixthoseproblems.Thecountryhasannouncedplanstobuildenoughstadiumsforthetournament

43、.Tokeepeveryonecool,eachstadiumwi1Ihavesolar-powered（太阳能）air-conditioning.Qatarisalsobuildinganewairportandtrainsystem.B ecausethestadiumswi1Ibesoclosetogetherandconnectedbytrains,fanswillbeabletowatchtwogamesinoneday.Qatarhasbigplansforitsnewstadiums.GameofficialssaythataftertheWorldCup,theywi llta

44、kethestad.iumsdown.Thestadiumswi1Ibetakenapartandsenttocountriesthatdon,thaveenoughmoneytobuiIdstadiums.QatarisveryhappytobethefirstMiddleEasternnationtohostthetournament.Thecountry,sEmir（穆斯林国家统治者）saidtotheWorldCuporganization,Thankyouforbelievinginchange.ThankyouforgivingQatarachance.”（）1.Whyisitso

45、amazingthatQatarwillhosttheWorldCupA.B ecauseQatarisasmallcountry.B.B ecauseQatarhasveryfewsoccerfans.C.B ecausesoccerisnotplayedintheMiddle East.D.B ecauseQatarhasneverplaye.dintheWorldCup.()2.WhatisoneproblemthatQatarwi1IhavetofaceA.TheirteamisnotgoodenoughtocompeteB.Itisvery,veryhotinQatarinsumme

46、r.C.Qatar*sstadiumsareveryfarapart.D.ThereisalotofpollutioninQatar.()3.HowdidsomesoccerfansfeelaboutthedecisionofhostingtheWorldCupin2022A.Theythought i twasstrange.B.Theydidnotcare.C.Theywereverydisappointed.D.Theywereverysad.()4.WhatwillhappentothestadiumsaftertheWorldCupinQatarA.Theywi1Ibeusedbyt

47、heQatarsoccerteam.B.Theywi1Ibeusedtohostmusicalconcerts.C.Theywillbegiventoothercountries.D.Theywillbesoldtofansassouvenirs.()5.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthearticleA.ThetournamentwasmovedfromJapantoQatar.B.Qatar isarichcountry.C.Therulesofsoccerwillbechangedin2022.D.SocceristhemostpopularsportinQatar.议论

48、篇A(2014 德州)Ifyouwanttoseeathingwe11,touchingcanhelpyouto see itbetterYoureyescantellyouthataglassbal1isround.B utbyholdingitinyourhands,youcanfeelhowsmoothandcooltheballis.Youcanfeelhowheavytheglassbal1 is.Whenyoulearnal1theseaboutthebal1,youreallyseeitwell.Withyourskin,youcanfeelbetter.F orexample,

49、yourf ingerscantelIthedifferencebetweentwodifferentcoinsinyourpocket.Youcanfeelalittledropofwateronthebackofyourhand,too.Youcanevenfeelsoundsagainstyourskin.HaveyoueverwantedtoknowwhysomepeoplelikeveryloudmusicTheymustliketofeelthesoundsofmusic.AlIchiIdrensoonlearnwhat Donttouch!”means.Theyhearitoft

50、en.Yetmostofuskeepontouchingthingsaswegrowup.Inshops,wetouchthingsthatwemightbuy.ToseesomethingwelLwehavetotouchit.Thebottomsofourfeetcanfeelthings,too.Youknowthiswhenyouwalkonwarmsand,coolgrassorahardfloor.Allfeeldifferentunderyourfeet.Mostmuseumsarejustforlooking.Buttodaysomemuseumshavesomethingst