2nd-week-Shakespeare-1stcopy--英美文学赏析-教学课件.ppt

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1、WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Shakespearen1564-1616nA Playwright,wrote at least 37 plays(maybe more)nA poet,about 154 sonnets and several narrative poems nStarted out as an actorStratford-on-Avonn nI.LifeI.Lifen n1.Birth1.Birth Born April 1564 in Born April 1564 in Stratford-upon-AvonStratford-upon-A

2、von Birth Birth date date credited credited as as April April 23,23,but but the the actual actual date date is is not not knownknown Baptized Baptized April April 26,26,1564 1564 at at Holy Holy Trinity Trinity Church in StratfordChurch in Stratfordn n2.EducationAttended the Stratford Grammar School

3、 Attended the Stratford Grammar School for children of prominent citizensfor children of prominent citizensMandatory Mandatory attendance attendance at at church church provided provided exposure to the Bibleexposure to the BibleInfluenced Influenced by by the the beautiful beautiful countryside cou

4、ntryside indicated indicated by by his his use use of of images images from from nature,nature,gardening,gardening,agricultural agricultural pursuits,pursuits,and country folkloreand country folkloreClassroomn n3.Shakepeares parents John married Mary Arden and became a John married Mary Arden and be

5、came a prominent citizen of Stratfordprominent citizen of StratfordBecame Became a a glover glover-treated treated animal animal hides hides and and made made soft soft leather leather goods goods-belts,belts,gloves,gloves,pursespursesInvolved Involved in in town town government government ale ale(麦

6、麦芽芽酒酒）taster,taster,constable constable（治治 安安 官官）,bailiff bailiff(like(like a a mayor)mayor)Johns fortunes declined when William was Johns fortunes declined when William was 12.12.n n5.Life in London1582 1582 at at age age 18 18 married married Anne Anne Hathaway Hathaway 1592(28 years old)went to L

7、ondon1592(28 years old)went to LondonWorking as actor and playwrightWorking as actor and playwrightFirst First accused accused of of borrowing borrowing from from other other playwrightsplaywrights1592-1594 Plague1592-1594 PlagueGlobal Theatern n8.Death and Burial at Stratford1610 retired from theat

8、re1610 retired from theatreDies on April 23,1616 at age 52Dies on April 23,1616 at age 52In death,he leaves a final piece of verse In death,he leaves a final piece of verse as his epitaphas his epitaph墓志铭墓志铭:Good friend,for Jesus sake forbearGood friend,for Jesus sake forbear To dig the dust enclose

9、d here.To dig the dust enclosed here.Blessed be the man that spares these stones,Blessed be the man that spares these stones,And cursed be he that moves my bones.And cursed be he that moves my bones.看在上帝的面上看在上帝的面上 请不要乱动我的坟墓请不要乱动我的坟墓 妄动者将受到诅咒妄动者将受到诅咒 保护者将受到祝福保护者将受到祝福n n2.Second Period:Mastering his a

10、rt!Mainly wrote“Romantic Comedies”Mainly wrote“Romantic Comedies”As You Like ItAs You Like It皆大欢喜皆大欢喜Mid-summer Nights DreamMid-summer Nights DreamTwelfth NightTwelfth NightThe Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of VeniceHis comedies were not necessarily His comedies were not necessarily funny,but had h

11、appy endings.funny,but had happy endings.Although the comedies had happy Although the comedies had happy endings,they all included sadness and endings,they all included sadness and tragedy.tragedy.The theme of the comedies is The theme of the comedies is overcoming the obstacle of love.overcoming th

12、e obstacle of love.n n3.Third Period:Problem of Evil in the WorldGreat tragediesGreat tragedies HamletHamlet OthelloOthello King LearKing Lear MacbethMacbethTragedies Tragedies are are Shakespeares Shakespeares most most popular popular and famous works.and famous works.Shakespeare Shakespeare used

13、used lots lots of of soliloquiessoliloquies独独白白 in his tragedies.in his tragedies.This This category category explores explores the the faults/weaknesses of humans.faults/weaknesses of humans.n n4.Forth Period:Creates a new drama form the dramatic romance PericlesPericles泰尔亲王配力克里斯泰尔亲王配力克里斯CymbelineC

14、ymbeline辛白林辛白林The Winters TaleThe Winters Tale冬天的故事冬天的故事The TempestThe Tempest暴风雨暴风雨n n5.Shakespeares Plots and CharactersPlots=romantic,Plots=romantic,poetic,poetic,farfetchedfarfetched不不大大可可信信的的,imaginative,supernaturalimaginative,supernaturalCharacters=realistic,alive,three Characters=realistic,a

15、live,three dimensional,powerful and eternally truedimensional,powerful and eternally truen n6.Shakespeares play writingObjective of Plays=give pleasureObjective of Plays=give pleasureFanciful,imaginative playsFanciful,imaginative playsAudience=Audience=everyday everyday people,people,uneducated,want

16、ed to escapeuneducated,wanted to escapeWrote in verse=free use of wordsWrote in verse=free use of wordsIII.ShakespearesCompanyanditsinfluencen n1.His companyThe Lord Chamberlains Men The Lord Chamberlains Men 内务大臣供奉剧团内务大臣供奉剧团 (Elizabeth I);(Elizabeth I);Kings MenKings Men国王供奉剧团国王供奉剧团 (James I)(James

17、 I)n n2.Three parts of the companyShareholdersShareholders股东股东(5-7 chief actors)(5-7 chief actors)The hired men:stage-promptersThe hired men:stage-prompters题词员题词员,ushers,ushers引座员引座员,stage property keepers,stage property keepers道具管理员道具管理员Apprentices:boysApprentices:boysV.PointsofView n n1.Political

18、Ideas He affirms the importance of the feudal He affirms the importance of the feudal systemsystem封建制度封建制度 in a bid to uphold social in a bid to uphold social order.The Kings government must be order.The Kings government must be carried onbut carried on for the good carried onbut carried on for the

19、good of the nation,not the pleasure of the of the nation,not the pleasure of the King.King.He is against unscrupulousHe is against unscrupulous无道德的无道德的 machinationsmachinations奸计奸计,either for political power or,either for political power or personal gains,against religious persecution personal gains

20、,against religious persecution and racial discrimination,against social and racial discrimination,against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.and money.There is also a limit to his sympathy for the There is also a limit to

21、his sympathy for the downtrodden downtrodden 受压迫的受压迫的and to his antipathyand to his antipathy反感反感 for the ruling class.He fears anarchy,hates for the ruling class.He fears anarchy,hates rebellion and despises democracy.rebellion and despises democracy.n n2.Literary IdeasShakespeare Shakespeare holds

22、 holds that that literature literature should should be be a a combination combination of of beauty,beauty,kindness kindness and truth.and truth.Shakespeare also thinks that literature Shakespeare also thinks that literature should reflect nature and reality.He should reflect nature and reality.He s

23、tates that literary works that have truly states that literary works that have truly reflected nature and reality can reach reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.immortality.154 sonnets2 long poems37 playsTragedies Comedies History plays Tragi-comediesVI.Shakespeares WorksHIS TRAGEDIES

24、namong the most powerful studies of human nature in all literature nappropriately as the greatest achievements of his dramatic artistryn his unforgettable tragic characters,such as Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,and MacbethFourGreatTragediesHamlet(1601)Hamlet(1601)哈姆雷特哈姆雷特哈姆雷特哈姆雷特Othello(

25、1604)Othello(1604)奥赛罗奥赛罗奥赛罗奥赛罗King Lear(1605)King Lear(1605)李尔王李尔王李尔王李尔王Macbeth(1606)Macbeth(1606)麦克白麦克白HIS COMEDIESn nHis comedies celebrate human social life even as they expose human folly愚蠢愚蠢.n nBy means that are sometimes humiliating,even painful,characters learn greater wisdom and emerge with

26、a clearer view of reality.n nTragedies begin happily and end in misery.Comedies,on the other hand,begin in misery and end happily.Well-known Comediesn nTheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人威尼斯商人n nAMidsummerNightsDream仲夏夜之梦仲夏夜之梦n nTwelfthNight第十二夜第十二夜n nAsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜皆大欢喜n nAllsWellThatEndsWell终成眷属终成眷属n nMuchAd

27、oaboutNothing无事生非无事生非Historiesn n2 Henry VI n n3 Henry VI n n1 Henry VI n nRichard III n nRichard II n n1HenryIVn n2HenryIV n nHenry V Henry VIII King JohnHis History Playsn nHistory plays（sometimes known as chronicle plays）-a highly popular form of drama in Shakespeares time.Shakespeares PoetryPoet

28、ryn nVenus and Adonis Venus and Adonis n nThe Rape of Lucrece The Rape of Lucrece n nSonnets Sonnets Shall I compare thee to a summers Shall I compare thee to a summers day?day?Thou art more lovely and more Thou art more lovely and more temperate.temperate.Lines from Shakespeares Lines from Shakespe

29、ares Sonnet 18Sonnet 18.126126n nA Lovers Complaint A Lovers Complaint n nThe Passionate Pilgrim The Passionate Pilgrim n nThe Phoenix and The Turtle The Phoenix and The Turtle n n Shakespeare wrote in“Early Modern English.”n n EME was not very different from“Modern English,”Shakespeares Languagen n

30、 A mix of old and very newn n Rural and urban words/imagesn n Understandable by the lowest peasant and the highest nobleVII Shakespeares LanguageThou=you(主格）主格）Thy=your（物主代词（物主代词）Thee=you（宾格）（宾格）n n1.thou,thee,thy/thine1.thou,thee,thy/thinethe second person singular the second person singular pronou

31、nspronounsn n2.ye,you,your,yours2.ye,you,your,yoursthe second person plural the second person plural pronounspronounsn n3.Most verbs used with 3.Most verbs used with“thouthou”end in end in“-est-est”or or“-st-st”.n n4.The verb 4.The verb“to beto be”and a few auxiliary verbs following and a few auxili

32、ary verbs following“thouthou”are irregular:are irregular:thou art=you are thou art=you are thou wilt=you will thou wilt=you will thou shalt=you shall thou shalt=you shall thou wert=you were thou wert=you weren n5.Most verbs used with the third person singular 5.Most verbs used with the third person

33、singular pronouns end in pronouns end in eth or eth or th:th:doth=does doth=does hath=has hath=has Warming-upMatch the meaning with the quotation and the play.“Words,words,only words,no matter from the heart”Meaning:Empty words,not real thoughts or ideas from the heart.空话空话,空话空话,只是空话只是空话,没有一点发自内心没有一

34、点发自内心.Romeo,Romeo,why are you Romeo?Deny your father,and refuse your name罗密欧罗密欧,罗密欧罗密欧,你为什么是罗密欧你为什么是罗密欧?否定你的父亲放弃否定你的父亲放弃你的姓氏你的姓氏.Version In modern English“Neither a borrower nor a lender be”Meaning:It is best not to lend(money)to others and not to borrow from others.When we lend sth,we risk losing b

35、oth the thing we lend and the friendship with the other person.别借债别借债,莫放债莫放债.Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.Meaning:A person who has great responsibility,such as a king,is constantly worried and therefore doesnt sleep soundly.头戴王冠头戴王冠,寝食不安寝食不安.“To be or not to be:that is the question”Meanin

36、g:That is a question whether to live on in this world or to die,that is,to take action or to do nothing.生存还是毁灭生存还是毁灭,这是个问题这是个问题.As You Like ItAs You Like It)n nAll the worlds a stage,And all the men and women merely players:They have their exits and their entrances;And one man in his time plays many

37、 parts,His acts being seven ages.n n全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七个时期。个时期。个时期。个时期。“Lifes but a walking shadow;a poor player,That struts an

38、d frets his hour upon the stage,And is heard of no more:it is a tale Told by an idiot,full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.”-Macbeth Act V;s.5人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上指手划脚的笨拙的怜人，登场片刻，台上指手划脚的笨拙的怜人，登场片刻，便在无声无息中悄然退去，这是一个愚便在无声无息中悄然退去，这是一个愚人所讲的故事，充满了喧哗和骚动，却人所讲的故事，充满了喧哗和骚动，却一无所指。一无所指。麦克白麦克

39、白 VIII Influence n nShakespeareShakespeare s work has made a lasting s work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature.His impression on later theatre and literature.His writing is widely regarded as one of the three writing is widely regarded as one of the three main sources of t

40、he English literature,while main sources of the English literature,while the other two are Greek and Roman myths the other two are Greek and Roman myths and the Bible.and the Bible.n nIn ShakespeareIn Shakespeare s day,English grammar and s day,English grammar and spelling were less standardised tha

41、n they are spelling were less standardised than they are now,and his use of language helped shape now,and his use of language helped shape modern English.modern English.Ben Jonson dedicated a poem in praise of Shakespeare Ben Jonson dedicated a poem in praise of Shakespeare n nMy Shakespeare,rise;I

42、will not lodge My Shakespeare,rise;I will not lodge thee bythee byn nChaucer,or Spenser,or bid Beaumont lyeChaucer,or Spenser,or bid Beaumont lyen nA little further,to make thee a roome:A little further,to make thee a roome:n nThou art a Moniment,without a tombe,Thou art a Moniment,without a tombe,n

43、 nAnd art liue still,while thy Booke doth And art liue still,while thy Booke doth liue,liue,n nAnd we have wits to read,and praise to And we have wits to read,and praise to giuegiuen nTriumph,my Britaine,thou hast one to Triumph,my Britaine,thou hast one to showe,showe,n nTo whom all scenes of Europ

44、e homage To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe.owe.n nHe was not of an age,but for all time!He was not of an age,but for all time!n n我的莎士比亚，起来我的莎士比亚，起来我的莎士比亚，起来我的莎士比亚，起来吧。我不想把你吧。我不想把你吧。我不想把你吧。我不想把你n n安置在乔叟、斯宾塞安置在乔叟、斯宾塞安置在乔叟、斯宾塞安置在乔叟、斯宾塞的身旁，或者叫波蒙的身旁，或者叫波蒙的身旁，或者叫波蒙的身旁，或者叫波蒙特特特特n n躺过去一点，给你让躺过去一点，给你让躺

45、过去一点，给你让躺过去一点，给你让出些地方。出些地方。出些地方。出些地方。n n即使没有墓，你也是即使没有墓，你也是即使没有墓，你也是即使没有墓，你也是一块丰碑，一块丰碑，一块丰碑，一块丰碑，n n你仍然活着，只要你你仍然活着，只要你你仍然活着，只要你你仍然活着，只要你的书还在，的书还在，的书还在，的书还在，n n只要我们会读书，我只要我们会读书，我只要我们会读书，我只要我们会读书，我们会说出赞词。们会说出赞词。们会说出赞词。们会说出赞词。n n自豪吧，我的不列颠，自豪吧，我的不列颠，自豪吧，我的不列颠，自豪吧，我的不列颠，你拿的出一个人，你拿的出一个人，你拿的出一个人，你拿的出一个人，n n

46、欧洲所有剧坛都向他欧洲所有剧坛都向他欧洲所有剧坛都向他欧洲所有剧坛都向他致敬。致敬。致敬。致敬。n n他不只属于一个时代，他不只属于一个时代，他不只属于一个时代，他不只属于一个时代，而是属于永远。而是属于永远。而是属于永远。而是属于永远。IXElizabethanTheatricalConventionsThe Cost of a Shown1shillingtostandn2shillingstositinthebalconyn1shillingwas10%oftheirweeklyincomeActorsn nOnly men and boysOnly men and boysn nYou

47、ng boys whose voices had not Young boys whose voices had not changed play womenchanged play women s roless rolesn nWould have been considered Would have been considered indecent for a woman to appear on indecent for a woman to appear on stagestagen nCostumes were often the Costumes were often the co

48、mpanycompany s most valuable assets most valuable assetn nCostumes were made by the Costumes were made by the company,bought in London,or company,bought in London,or donated by courtiersdonated by courtiers供奉者供奉者The Tragedy of Hamlet,Prince of DenmarkWilliam Shakespearen n这部作品创作于这部作品创作于这部作品创作于这部作品创作

49、于16021602年。剧情大致是：哈姆雷特是丹年。剧情大致是：哈姆雷特是丹年。剧情大致是：哈姆雷特是丹年。剧情大致是：哈姆雷特是丹麦王国一位年轻有为的王子，他有魄力、好思索、接近麦王国一位年轻有为的王子，他有魄力、好思索、接近麦王国一位年轻有为的王子，他有魄力、好思索、接近麦王国一位年轻有为的王子，他有魄力、好思索、接近人民、对人类抱有美好的希望。他正在德国的威登堡大人民、对人类抱有美好的希望。他正在德国的威登堡大人民、对人类抱有美好的希望。他正在德国的威登堡大人民、对人类抱有美好的希望。他正在德国的威登堡大学学习，国内传来噩耗，父王突然惨死，叔叔克劳斯迪学学习，国内传来噩耗，父王突然惨死，叔

50、叔克劳斯迪学学习，国内传来噩耗，父王突然惨死，叔叔克劳斯迪学学习，国内传来噩耗，父王突然惨死，叔叔克劳斯迪篡夺王位，母亲改嫁克劳斯迪。哈姆雷特回国奔丧，在篡夺王位，母亲改嫁克劳斯迪。哈姆雷特回国奔丧，在篡夺王位，母亲改嫁克劳斯迪。哈姆雷特回国奔丧，在篡夺王位，母亲改嫁克劳斯迪。哈姆雷特回国奔丧，在一天深夜，他在城堡里见到了父亲的鬼魂，父亲的鬼魂一天深夜，他在城堡里见到了父亲的鬼魂，父亲的鬼魂一天深夜，他在城堡里见到了父亲的鬼魂，父亲的鬼魂一天深夜，他在城堡里见到了父亲的鬼魂，父亲的鬼魂告诉了他自己被害的经过：克劳斯迪趁老哈姆雷特在花告诉了他自己被害的经过：克劳斯迪趁老哈姆雷特在花告诉了他自己被