2015年职称英语补全短文(综合).pdf

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1、补全短文部分第一What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth,we have used the sea around us.We take from the ocean,and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean millions of kilograms of fish,every year,to feed millions ofpeople.(1)We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get sal

2、t is to place seawater in ashallow basin and leave it until it evaporates.(2)Much gold and silver drift dissolved in thewaters of the sea,tool.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts fromthe sea are pearls,sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.(3)Seaweed becomesfood o

3、f many kinds 一 even candy,and ice cream-as well as medicine.Believe it or not,freshwater is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water.(4)But ocean water becomesfresh water when the salts are re moved.In the future,we will find ourselves depending more andmore on fresh water from the sea.

4、The sea gives us food,fertilizer,minerals,water,and other gifts.What do we give the sea?Garbage.(5)Huge as it is,the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.Dumpinggarbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2.Yet as the world population grows,we may need thesea and its gifts more tha

5、n ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves.Hopefully,it is not too late.注释：Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。练习：A Natural spo

6、nges become cleaning aids.B We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.C The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.D Along with salt,other minerals are left after evaporation.E We even use their bones for fertilizer.F Some of its contents may cause illness.答案与题解：l.E 前面二句讲了我们从大海捕

7、捉大量的鱼供人们食用，这句接着讲“甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥”。Even这个词在这里清楚地表示了这两句话的关系。2.D 这句话的前一句讲的是我们可以通过水的蒸发从海水中得到一种矿物质盐，这句话则说除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来。3.A 前面讲到除了矿物质外，大海还给了我们珍珠、海绵和海草这三样东西。接着作者分别用一句话来说明每一样东西的昂途。先讲了珍珠，最后讲的是海草，所以这中间的一句应该是讲海绵的用途了。4.F前一句话说了 们不能喝海水，这句话解释了为什么不能喝，很自然。5.B 前面一句话用garbage词有力地回答了“我们给予大海什么”这个带有自责性的问题，这句话则是对这个简

8、单回答的具体解释。译文：论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。我们向海洋索取的同时也在给予。我们从海里捕鱼为了获取百万人的食物，我们每年在海里捕数千吨的鱼，甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥。我们从海里获得物。制盐的一种办法就是将海水放在浅底的水池里直至水分蒸发。除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来，还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。但是这些物质不能通过海水的蒸发而被我们获取。海洋赐予我们的礼物还有珍珠I 海绵和海草。珍珠能做成珠宝，海绵可用来作为清洗东西的物品，海草可加工成许多种食品，甚至糖果、冰淇淋以及药品。不管你相不相信，淡水也是海洋赐

9、予我们的礼物 海水不能饮用，其中有些物质会致病。但是去掉海水中的盐分后，海水就变成了淡水。将来，我们会越来越依赖午从海水中取来的淡水。海洋给予我们食物、化肥、矿物、水资源以及其他的礼物。然而，我们又给予了大海什么呢？垃圾。我们把大海当做垃圾桶的时候污染了大海。海洋虽然巨大无边,却无法容纳所有我们倾倒进去的水。把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽.然而，随着世界人口的增长，我们也许将会比以往任何时候都需要海洋以及它给人类带来的东西。我们最终认识到，如果破坏了海洋，我们就将毁灭自己。只希望这个认识还不算太迟。第二篇 Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation

10、 among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned.Government bureaus trade and travel associations,carriers and properties are all working togetherto bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1)They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services,and they are experts inorgani

11、zing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns.Theydistribute materials to agencies,such as journals,brochures and advertising projects.(2)Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs andtechniques in selling.(3)Properties and agencie

12、s work closely together to make the most suitable contractsconsidering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.(4)(5)Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers,and agencies are dependentupon carriers to present them with marketable tours.All serv

13、ices must work together for greaterefficiency,fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的。例如:Everyoneconcerned must sign their names here.carriers and properties:指运输公司和房地产公司。optimum:形容词，意为“最佳的。又如:an optimum temperature for this kind of flower：适合这种花生长的最佳温度。brochure:指具

14、有宣传性质的小册子。seminar：研 讨 会conversely:相反地，反过来说0 又如：The teacher gave the students knowledge,andconversely,the students offered the teacher their warmest gratitude.练习：A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers,including car-rental andsight-seeing services.B They offer familiarization and w

15、orkshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtainfirst-hand knowledge of the tours.C Travel operators,specialists in the field of planning,sponsor extensive research programs.D As a result of teamwork,tourism is flouring in all countries.E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels,and,con

16、versely,hotels rely upon agencies,to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes andcombinations of travel-planes,ships,trains,motorcoaches,car-rentals,and even car purchases.答案与题解：l.c 本段第二句和第三句话都以人称代词they作主语，但所指不

17、明。在大多数情况下，其指代对象应在同一段落的前文中找。C 与这两个句子在结构和意思上都是平行的，时态也 一 致，而且用travel operators这个名词去替代这两个句子中的they都讲得通。2.B这一句继续讲旅游经纪人的工作,它同本段前三句话在时态、结构和意思上一致或平行。3.F 指示词this/that及其复数形式在英语中是重要的衔接手段，多数情况下this指上文刚刚提到的事情或说过的话。本段第一句话说旅游顾问召开研讨会使代理人熟悉新业务和销 售 技 巧。承接这句话，F 说“通过这种方式，代理人学会了怎样对旅行自的地加以解释以及向游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞机、船、火车、

18、公共汽车、汽车出租,甚至汽车的购买”。“这种方式”就是指上一句话中的召开研讨会，因而F 是最合适的选项。4.E 本段第一句话说房地产公司和旅行社密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾了顾客的方便和他们自己的财政方面的安排。E 实际上进步阐述了二者之间相互依赖的紧密关系。5.A 写文章讲究句子和段落之间的衔接。第四段讲到了房地产公司和旅行社之间相互依赖的合作关系,A 说“旅行社和运输公司之间也存在着同等程度的信任”，像 same,different(ly),similar(ly),otherwise这样的词语有很强的衔接力，属于指称衔接(reference)中的比较衔接。下一句话详细解释旅

19、行社和运输公司之间的关系，进一步印证了应该选A。译文：旅游业中的团队合作不同旅游部门之间越来越多的合作证明对有关各方都有益。政府机构、贸易与旅游协会、运输公司和房地产公司都齐致力于为旅行者创造良好的条件。旅游经纪人作为旅游计划的专家提出广泛的研究方案。他们了解所有的旅游区和所有运输公司的服务。他们的专长是组织不同类型的旅游活动以及准备有效的广告宣传。他们把材料分发给旅行社。这些材料包括杂志、小册子和广告项目。他们提供熟悉情况和组织研讨问题的旅游，从而使旅行社在短时间内就能获得有关他们正在推出的旅行活动的第一手资料。旅游顾问举办各种重要的研讨会以便使旅行社代理人熟悉新的方案和技巧。通过这种方式，

20、代理人学会了怎样对旅行目的地加以解释以及向游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞机、船、火车、公共汽车、汽车出租，甚至汽车的购买。房地产公司与旅行社之间密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾了顾客的方便和他们自己的财政方面的安排。旅行社依靠旅馆提供良好的服务，反过来，旅馆依靠旅行社来完成合同，招揽顾客。在旅行社与运输公司(包括汽车出租和观光服务)之间也存在着同种程度的信任。运输公司依靠旅行社来提供乘客，而旅行社依靠运输公司提供受游客欢迎的旅行活动。所有服务机构都以提高效率、价格公平及使顾客满意为宗旨。第三篇 The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-

21、up,bring conversation to a stop,and give you a runny nose.They canleave you embarrassed and without energy.However,crying is a fact of life,and tears are veryuseful.(l)These create a film over the eyes surface.This film contains a substance that protectsyour eyes against infection.Tears relieve stre

22、ss,but we tend to fight them for all sorts.of reasons.People worry aboutshowing their emotions.Theyre afraid that once they lose control,theyll never get it back,“explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.(2)As adults we still fear the consequences of showingemotions.Almost any emotiongood or bad,happy or

23、sad-can cause tears.Crying is a way that werelease built-up emotions.Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of verystrong feelings.(3)When some people become very stressed,however,they cant cry.They may be feelingshock,anger,fear,or grief,but they repress the emotion,Everyone

24、has the need to cry,“sayspsychotherapist Vera Diamond.Sometimes in therapy sessions,patients participate in cryingexercise(4)Diamond says its best to cry in safe,private places,like under the bed coversor in the car.Thats because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them.Infact,

25、they may be repressing their own need to cry.In certain situations,such as at work,tears are not appropriate.(5)But once you are safelybehind closed doors,dont just cry,Diamond says,she suggests that you act out the wholesituation again and be as noisy and angry as you like.It will help you feel bet

26、ter.And J she adds,“once your tears have released the.stress,you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the problem.Tears are a sign of our ability to feel.You should never be afraid to cry.练习：A It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attacksthan people cry more

27、 freely.B Its good to hold backtears during a tense business discussion.C Crying has good effects on the body.D Even when youre not crying,your eyes producetears.E They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion.F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expre

28、ssing anger.答案与题解：L D 此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处，并且句首是th ese,所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D 最适合。选项C 与前一句话意思重复。2.F 卜.文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。所以，答案是选项F。3.A 上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A 比较贴切。4.E 上文提到患者要练习哭，这里应该讲练习哭的原因。所以，答案是选项E。5.B 上一句提到在某些场合哭是不合适的，所以此处也应该具体解释不适合哭的场景，答案

29、是选项B。第四篇 The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?During their first fourminutes together,according to a book,by Dr.Leonard Zunin.In his book,“Contact：The first fourminutes he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：A lot ofpe

30、oples whole lives would change if they did just that.,5You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention tosomeone he has just met.(2)If anyone has ever done this to you,you probably did not like himvery much.When we are introduced to new people,the author suggests,w

31、e should try to appear friendlyand self-confident.In general,he says,“People like people who like themselves 1.On the other hand,we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.Itis important to appear interested and sympathetic,realizing that the other person has his ownneeds

32、,fears,and hopes.Hearing such advice,one might say,nBut Im not a friendly,self-confident person.Thats notmy nature.It would be dishonest for me to act that way.”(3)We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality.4 化01 cohesion)(,4.A 本段是伊萨克森在 时代杂志上的一篇文章中对相对论的深远意义所做的评述,他说：

33、“相对论间接地为道德、艺术和政治领域中新的相对主义的出现铺平了道挺。”后一句是对此的进一步解释。、5.D 本段主要讲爱因斯坦与原子能和原子武器发展的关系。前一句告诉我们爱因斯坦1939年在一封给罗斯福总统的敦促美国抢在纳粹德国之前研制原子弹的信上签了名。D 说:“罗斯福对这项建议卜分关注，遂制订了秘密制造第颗原子弹的 曼 哈 顿 计 划 后一句说爱 因斯坦未参与这个项目，其中the project指的就是the Manhattan Project译文：爱因斯坦被称作“世纪之人”艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦的有关空间时间和物质的理论帮助揭开T 原子和宇宙的秘密，星期天 他 被 时代杂志选为“世纪之人”。爱

34、因斯坦的名字成了科学天才的同义词，他比任何其他人都更能代表为科技时代奠定基础的繁荣的20世纪科学思想。理论物理学家史蒂芬?霍金在 时代 上的一篇文章中写道:“世界在近100年里发生的改变比历史上任何一个世纪的改变都要大得多。原因不是政治的或经济的，而是科技的基础科学的发展直接引发的科技。很显然，没有哪个科学家比艾尔伯特?爱因斯坦更能代表这些 进 步。”与此同时，富兰克林?罗斯福总统代表了自由民主战胜了法西斯，穆哈默德?甘地在民族主权和人权成为全球政治的关键因素时成为世纪偶像。时代杂志编辑华特?伊萨克森说：“我们看到的是代表自由反抗独裁的巨大胜利的富兰克林?罗斯福，个人为人民权利斗争的巨大胜利的

35、化身甘地，伟大的天才和科学革命的标志爱因斯坦，这次科学革命带来了惊人的有助于扩大自由的科技发展。”爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆。爱因斯坦在小时候并未显示日后会成为大科学家的任何天赋。他学说话学得很晚，在小学里也并不出色。他无法忍受一切都安排得死死的教学，讨 厌 考 试。然而1905年他发表了历史上人类所能想象的最复杂的理论之一。在他的“特殊相对论”中，爱因斯坦描述了为什么宇宙中唯一不变的是光速。任何其他事物质量、重量、空间甚至时间本身都是可变量。他当时向世界提出了现在已经非常著名的方程：能量等于质量乘以光速的平方E=mc2。伊萨克森在 时代上的一篇文章中写道：“相对论间接地为道德、艺术和政治领域中新的相对主义的出现铺平了道路。人们越来越不相信绝对，不仅对时间而言，也包括真理和道德。爱因斯坦的等式也是原子能和核武器发展的基础。1939年，在逃离欧洲法西斯的迫害并定居在普林斯顿大学后的第六年，公开承认的和平主义者爱因斯坦在一封给罗斯福总统的敦促美国抢在纳粹德国之前开发原子弹的信上签了名。罗斯福对这项建议卜分关注，遂制订了秘密制造第颗原子弹的“曼哈顿计划”。爱因斯坦没有参与这个项目。爱因斯坦于1955年死于新泽西的普林斯顿。