初中英语语法提纲.ppt

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1、一，语法-词法和句法(三种构词法）二，词分为实词和虚词：实词-名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词 虚词-冠词、连词、介词和叹词。三，名词的用法：1）分类 2）数 3）所有格 4）例句 1.They got much _ from those new books.A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories解析:much 是用来修饰不可数名词的,A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A.orange,orange B.oranges,orangesC.or

2、anges,orange D.orange,oranges解析:orange 有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选 C。3.Every evening M r.King takes a _ to his home.A.25 minutes walk B.25 minutes walkC.25 minute walk D.25 minutes walk解析:句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选A。初中英语语法辅导提纲4.An old _ wants to see you.A.people B.p

3、erson C.the people D.the person 解析:person 与people 都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“a person”,“两个人”用“two persons”;people 泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数,the people 指“人民”,a people 指“一个民族”.应选B。5.Help yourself to _.A.chickens and apples B.chickens and appleC.chicken and apple D.chicken and apples解析:chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,

4、根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。6.Oh,dear.I forgot the two _.A.rooms number B.rooms number C.room numbers D.rooms numbers解析:room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my physics teacher,two bus drivers 等.应选C。7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _.A.family B.house C.ho

5、me D.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家,因此选C.8._ mothers couldnt go to the meeting,because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peters B.Mary and PeterC.Marys and Peter D.Marys and Peters解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A.he

6、r uncle B.her uncles C.her uncles D.aunts 解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10.He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A.many experiences B.much experienceC.an experience D.a lot experience解析:experience 作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of,lot

7、s of,plenty of 只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。11.A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A.you B.your C.your sister D.your sisters解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.A group of _ are talking with two _.A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen 解析:Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German

8、 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.The team _ having a meeting.A.is B.are C.am D.be解析:team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。四，冠词五，代词-1）分类（8）2）用法 3）例句1.This isnt _ pencil case.I left _ at home.A.my,mine B.me,my C.I,my D.my,myself解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。2.The

9、 English novel is quite easy for you.There are _ new words in it.A.a little B.little C.a few D.few解析：历年来中考始终将little,a little,few,a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little,a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few,a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few,little 一般表示否定意义；a few,a little表示肯定意义。应选D。3.-Can I come this evening or tomorrow mornin

10、g?-_ OK.Im free today and tomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None解析：此类题主要是针对each,every,both,all,either,neither,none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any,neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。4.Th

11、e population of China is much larger than _A.this B.those C.it D.that解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。选D。六，数词-1）分类 2）用法 3）例句1._ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.Thousand of D.Thousands of2.Both of the rules are br

12、oken.I want to buy a _ one.A.three B.third C.forth D./3).-Which is the smallest number of the four?-_.A.Two-thirds B.A half C.A quarter D.Three-fourths4).Please write down the new words in the text of _.A.Lesson Eleven B.the Lesson Eleven C.Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion 等前有

13、具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of(几百，成百上千)，thousands of(几千，数千个)，millions of,billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many,some,several 等修饰。故选答案D.2答案：B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。3答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s.4答案：A。此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法：1）。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven；2）。定冠词+基数词+事物名

14、词。如：No.6 Middle School七，动词-1）分类 2）用法 3）时态 4）例句1The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning.A.takes B.are taking C.took D.will take解析：这里老人锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此应选A.2I dont think that its true.Shes always _ lies.A.tell B.tells C.telling D.told解析：always在这里应现在进行时连用，带有感情色彩，表示讨厌。选C.3.How _ you _ with the n

15、ew job?A.do,do B.do,get along C.are,doing D.are,getting on解析：表示现阶段正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。选D.4.I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday.Will you go to see me off at the airport？A.am leaving B.am left C.am going to leaving D.left解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。5.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A.

16、came B.am going come C.come D.will come解析：此题虽然有every week,但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。6-Hi,Tom.-Hello,Fancy.I _ you were here.A.dont know B.wont think C.think D.didnt know解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语，但是可以通过上下文语境判断出，这句话指的是我这段时间并不知道，你前一阵子在这儿。所以应选A。7He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A.come B.would co

17、me C.come D.had come解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。八，形容词和副词-1）分类 2）用法 3）例句1He cant tell us _,I think.A.important anything B.anything important C.important something D.something important.解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something.因此应选B2.The light in the office wasnt _for him to read.A.enough bright

18、B.bright enough C.brightly D.enough brightly 解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后，修饰形容词或副词时，要后置。应选B.3.There was an accident at the corner._,the girl wasnt _hurt.A.luckily,badly B.luck,hardly C.Lucky,heavily D.Lucky,strongly解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词，因此选A.4.You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises.A.c

19、lose B.open C.closed D.,opened解析:此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。应选C.5.If you are not free today,come another day _.A.too B.so C.instead D.yet解析：instead 作副词用时意为“代替，顶替”，表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.6.There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A.little B.few C.fewer D.less解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级，所

20、以应选C.九，介词：介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。还有一些短语介词，如：in front of because of according to等。1.-What time did you get there this morning?-_ eight.A.In B.On C.At D.From2.He has got a chair to sit _,but nobody to talk _.A.on,to B./,with C.on,/D./,to 3.Where

21、s Lily?We are all here _ her.A.beside B.about C.except D.with4.Shanghai lies _ the east of China.A.to B.in C.on D.at解析：1.答案：C.此题考查学生是否掌握了atin on 表示时间的用法。表示几点用at.2.答案:A.此题考查位置介词on 和词组talk to.3.答案：C.此题考查四个介词的意思。能根据上、下文正确使用。4.答案：B.此题考查学生是否掌握了表达位置的用法。在表达东、西、南、北的方位时。在范围之内用in,在范围之外用to，相邻用on。十，连词：连词是连接词、短语

22、、从句语句子的词，它是虚词，所以不能单独担任句子成分。连词的分类：连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。1、并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，or，but，for，bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also。2、从属连词：用来引导从句，它包括：that，when，till，until after，before，since，because，if，whether。though，although，sothat，so that，as soon as，asas等。十一，句子结构：主语+谓语+其他成分 （句子成分）十二，句子类型：1

23、）陈述句 2）疑问句 3）祈使句 4）感叹句 十三，常见句式：1)Its time for sb.to do sth.2)It takes sb.time to do sth.3)Its+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.等 十四，关于考试卷：1）听力 2）单项选择 3）完形填空 4）阅读理解 5）单词拼写 6）任务型阅读 7）缺词填空 8）翻译及写作十五，关于英语学习：1）多读，多说，多记忆；2）课堂上要认真听讲、记笔记、主动发言；3）课文要多做口头“回译”工作；4）对“选择、单词拼写”进行纠错，等。enough to do 与tooto do的用法：enough 有名词、形

24、容词和副词三种词性，名词和形容词都是常规用法，就是副词enough的用法比较特殊，我们可以用我们可以用“形容词形容词/副词副词 enough+to do”的结构来描述的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力。一个人的品质和能力。例：1）He is tall enough to reach the top of the fridge.他足够高可以够到冰箱顶上。2）He is strong.He can lift the box.（合并成一句）He is strong enough to lift the box.他强壮地可以举起这只箱子。还可以用还可以用“形容词形容词/副词副词 enough+for sb

25、.+to do”结构表示结构表示“对某人来说足够对某人来说足够”例：这本书很容易，你能够看懂。The book is easy enough for you to read.too to 的用法的用法“too+形容词形容词/副词副词+to do”的意思是的意思是“太太而不能而不能”too后面是跟形容词或副词后面是跟形容词或副词，to是不定式的标志，后加是不定式的标志，后加动词原形动词原形。这个结构用在句子中意义上通常表示否定。这个结构用在句子中意义上通常表示否定。例:He is too poor to buy a new coat.他穷得买不起一件新衣服。2.还可以用还可以用“too+形容词形

26、容词/副词副词+for sb.to do”结构表示结构表示“对某人来说太对某人来说太而不能而不能”例：1）The box is heavy.The boy cant carry it.（合并成一句）=The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.2）This story is too difficult for me to understand.这个故事太难，我不能理解。too to可以和可以和enough to do转换转换too to 和enough to do 转换时，注意enough 前面的形容词和too后面的形容词要互为反义词。如：She is

27、too young to do the work.=She isnt old enough to do the work.()1,I feel _ tired after doing _ work.A.much too;much too B.too many;too much C.much too;too much D.much too;too many()2,The old man is _ angry _ say a word.A.too;to B.to;too C.enough;to D.very;to()3.I have _ to tell you.A.something enough

28、 interesting B.something interesting enough C.interesting something enough D.enough something interesting()4.He ran and ran,but he couldnt run _ to catch the bus.A.fast enough B,enough slowly C.enough fast D.slowly enough()5.Mike is twenty years old,he is _ drive a car.A.old enough going to B.enough old to go to C.old enough to go to D.enough old to going()6.The house is _ for us _ in the city.A.too big,to live B.too big,to live in C.big enough,to live D.big enough,to live in CABA CD