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1、Business English Reading CoursewareBook OneChapter 4Abstracts from articles on the Main Practices Relating to International Trade国际贸易惯例文摘国际贸易惯例文摘madebyWangJiannamadebyWangJianna单元教学目的n n通过阅读定位文章主旨。本章阅读技巧提示n n如何阅读定位文章主旨?解题时,我们通常采用浏览的方式,仔细选读文章的首尾段和首尾句(包括每一段的首尾句),重点搜索主题线索和脉络。下面阐述五种主题呈现的方式:主题句出现在文首。开门见山
2、,提出主题,随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。这种写作手法叫做演绎法,在英语文章中尤为常见,这种文章的主题句最容易找到,故主题思想显而易见。主题句出现在文尾。即文章先阐述了细节,然后归纳要点,得出结论,概括主题,叫做归纳写作法,主题句往往位于末段。这一类文章的主题句也很明显,不难找到。在有些文章中,为了突出主题,作者在文章开头提出主题,接着进行阐述或论证,在结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也很常见。值得注意的是,前后两个主题句不是简单的重复,再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点,而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申,或
3、是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。主题句隐含在全文当中,没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章,要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。具体方法是:首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Step Onen nFirst,readMaterialOneunderteachersinstructions.n nThenteachergiveshintsortipsforreading.n nFinally,teachercheckstheanswersandgivesexplanations.Ifyoureinvolvedinin
4、ternationalbusiness,theyshouldbepartofyourdailyvocabulary.ButmentionIncotermstoacolleagueoracquaintanceandtheresponseyourelikelytogetisInco-WHATS?Unfortunately,theIncotermsasetofinternationallyrecognizedtermsofsale-arenotaswellknownorwidelyusedinNorthAmericaastheyshouldbe,consideringthebenefitstheyo
5、ffertocompaniesengagedinworldtrade.TheIncotermswerecreatedin1936bytheParis-basedInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC).Today,theycontinuetofacilitateinternationaltradebyprovidingvoluntaryrulesforinterpretingtherightsandobligationsofbuyersandsellersunderinternationalsalescontracts.TheIncotermsrepresent1
6、3differentinternationaltradescenarios.Eachtermspecifieswhetherthebuyerorthesellerisresponsibleforarrangingsuchnecessitiesasexportlicenses,customsclearance,insurance,inspections,andotherobligations.Theyspecifyatwhichpointtheriskoflossand/ordamagepassesfromsellertobuyeraswellaswhichpartypaysforspecifi
7、cactivities.AbuyerandsellerwhoconducttheirpurchaseandsaleunderoneoftheIncoterms,therefore,willhaveamutualunderstandingoftheirrights,costs,andobligationsregardlessofdifferencesinlanguageandlocalbusinesspractices.Becausethebusinessofinternationaltradeiseverchanging,theICCupdatesandamendstheIncotermswh
8、enevernecessary.Thisyearsrevision-Incoterms2000-promisestomakethetermseasierforexportersandimporterstounderstandanduse.TheIncoterms2000revisiontooknearlytwoyearstocompleteandincludedinputfrominternationaltraders,academics,andlegalexpertsfrommorethan100countries,saystradeexpertFrankReynolds.Reynoldsi
9、sauthorofthebookIncotermsforAmericansandwasamemberofthefive-personworkinggroupthatdraftedtherevision.Clarificationandaccessibility,Reynoldssays,arethehallmarksofthisyearsrevision.Thereisagreaterconsistencyinlanguage.Forexample,wetriedtousethesamewordsratherthansimilarones.whiletakingintoaccountlingu
10、isticdifferencesinBritishandAmericanEnglishthatcouldaffectthemeaning,henotes.Thewritingstyleissimplerandmorestraightforwardthaninpreviousversions.Theseimprovementsaredesignedtomakethetermsmoreeasilyunderstoodworldwide.Tomakethemevenmoreaccessible,theIncoterms-forthefirsttime-willbetranslatedinto20la
11、nguages,inadditiontotheofficialEnglish.Incoterms2000alsotriestoinstillclaritybydefiningthemeaningandusageofsuchtermsasshipperandcustomsclearance,afeaturethatwasabsentfromearlierversions.Anotherimprovementisthattheauthorsusedthesameexpressionsthatappearedinthe1980UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfor
12、theInternationalSaleofGoods.ThatharmonizesthetwomostimportantstandardsforinternationalcontractsandestablishesaclearrelationshipbetweentheIncotermsandU.N.approvedpractices.Step Twon nStudentsreadMaterialTwothemselvesfirstly.n nThenteachercheckstheanswerswithoutgivingexplanations.vocabulary1.scenarios
13、n.情节,情况2.amendv.修改3.hallmarkn.纯度标记,标志,特征4.harmonizev.协调,使和谐5.stipulatev.规定6.reversaln.翻转,倒转7.quayn.码头pliancen.顺从,遵从,灵活9.freightforwardersn.货运代理10.nominatev.指定11.columnistn.专栏作家12.alongsideadv.在旁边13.ABN(abbr.)airbornea.空运的14.tutorialn.指南,教程,辅导班15.irrevocablea.不可撤销的16.confirmv.确认17.receiptn.收据18.ExPoi
14、ntofOrigin(陈旧术语)产地交货pliancen.顺从,遵从20.Miamin.美国南部港市迈阿密单元注释1.InternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)国际商会2.INCOTERM2000国际贸易术语解释2000通则3.UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleOfGoods联合国国际货物销售合同公约4.CarriageandInsurancePaid(CIP)贸易术语,运费保险费已付至目的地5.CarriagePaidTo(CPT)贸易术语,运费付至目的地6.UniformCommer
15、cialCode(UCC)统一商法典在总结所有商业制定法的基础上,从理论上对其加以改善,它取代了关于买卖、票据、批发、仓单、提单和担保交易等旧的法律。7.Pty.Ltd.一般指私人有限公司,不是上市公司的公司,在澳洲其名称全以这样的形式结尾。这种公司没有注册资金的要求。8.AussieProducts澳洲土特产。aussi是“Australian”的简称,有时也指澳大利亚人,澳大利亚土著居民。9.Austrade澳大利亚贸易委员会。是澳大利亚政府的官方贸易及投资促进机构,是处理外交事务和贸易的法定机构。澳大利亚贸易委员会宗旨:帮助澳大利亚出口商将他们的产品和服务带入国外市场,并促进双向投资。A
16、ustrade在全球61个国家设有109个办事处,包括遍及澳大利亚各地的广泛联络网。10.AirConsignmentNote(ACN)空运托运单11.FreeCarrier(FCA)贸易术语,意为货交承运人。它是指卖方只要将货物在出口国指定的地点交给买方指定的承运人,并办理出口清关手续,就算完成交货义务。该术语可用于各种运输方式,包括多式联运。相对于传统的FOB术语,对卖方有交货早、结汇早、风险小、适用运输方式多的优点。12.FreeAlongsideShip(FAS)装运港船边交货价。是指卖方在装运港将货物放置码头或驳船上靠船边,即履行了交货义务,又称“靠船价格”。这是指买方必须自该时刻起
17、,负担一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。根据2010通则,FAS术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关。本术语只适用于海运或内河运输的国际贸易。13.DeliveredExQuay(DEQ)目的港码头交货。是指卖方在指定的目的港码头将货物交给买方处置,不办理进口清关手续,即完成交货。卖方应承担将货物运至指定的目的港并卸至码头的一切风险和费用。14.NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement北美自由贸易协定练习答案【材料一】.1.A2.C3.D4.D.1.B2.A3.A4.C5.C【材料二】1.D2.A3.C4.F5.G【材料三】1.C2.A3.A4.D5.B6.C7.D【材料四】1.A2.A3.B4.B5.B【单元弹性练习一】1.A2.B3.C4.D5.D6.C7.B8.A9.A10.B11.C12.D13.A14.C15.A【单元弹性练习二】1.THE2.IN3.CORRECT4.LIKE5.AN6.THAT7.WHICH8.WHAT9.BEING10.IT11.BE12.CORRECTClass is over.Thanksforyourattention.
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