土木工程概论(英文版)Chapter-5-Transportation--Bridge-and-ha.ppt

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1、土木工程概论Introduction to Civil Engineering第五章交通、桥梁与港口工程第五章交通、桥梁与港口工程Chapter 5 Transportation,Bridge and harbor EngineeringTransportation EngineeringWhat is Transportation Engineering?The transportation system is a basic component of any areas physical,economic,and social structure.Not only does the des

2、ign and performance of the transportation system provide opportunities for mobility;but over the long term,it influences patterns of growth and the level of economic activity through the accessibility it provides the land.What is Transportation Engineering?The field of Transportation Engineering foc

3、uses on the planning,design,construction,and management of transportation systems.These systems consist of the facilities,vehicles,control mechanisms,and the policies that combine to permit the efficient conveyance of people and goods.Designs highway systems(layout,routing),pavement material,airport

4、 runways,and rapid transit projects.Also involved in computer control of traffic signals.Transportation EngineeringWhat is Transportation Engineering?It contains the planning,design,construction,maintenance,and operation of air,highway,and urban transportation,as well as pipeline facilities for wate

5、r,oil,and gas.Specific topics include airport and highway pavement maintenance and performance.Transportation systems include highways,roads,railways,inland waterways and airways.Transportation EngineeringHighways:Highways are considered the most important system because of the following additional

6、reasons:They can be used by all kinds of vehiclesThey reach all places,hills to tiny villagesHighways can be laid as per economic conditions and as per importance from mud roads to concrete roadsA change in specification from an ordinary to an improved version can be effected with easeTransportation

7、 EngineeringClassification of highways(According to its traffic capacity,location and the types of pavement used):National highwaysState highwaysMayer district roadsOther district roadsVillage roadsClassification as per road structure:Water bound macadam roadsBitumen top roadsConcrete roadsTransport

8、ation EngineeringConsideration in planning a highway:Highway should pass through important towns en-routeHighway should not lie on protected placeLand cost should be minimumTopographical features may require a circuitous routeMaximum use must be made with existing paths and bridgesMaterials and labo

9、ur should be available all along routeCrossing should be minimum because bridges and tunnels are costly Transportation EngineeringGeometric characteristics:Transportation EngineeringStructure of the roadRigid pavementsFlexible pavementsTransportation EngineeringSome other important components of rai

10、lways:Points and crossingStations and yardsSignalInterlockingTransportation EngineeringClassification of Bridges:Mainly classified according to the position,material,and characteristic of the deck slab as well as the material and structural form of the arrangement which support the deck slab.The var

11、ious classifications are Usage:as highway,railway,aqueduct and pedestrian,Materials:as timber,masonry,concrete,steel,prestressed and composite,Position of deck slab:as through,semi-through,and deck,Structural from:As arch,slab,beam,and suspension,Movement of deck slab:as Bascule,vertical lift etc.Tr

12、ansportation EngineeringBasic bridges forms:The beam form:steel bridges,RC slab bridges,tee beam bridges,continuous beam bridges,balanced cantilever.The arch form The suspension formOther types of bridges:Movable bridgesSwing bridgesBascule bridgesVertical lift bridgesPontoon bridgesCausewaysCable s

13、tayed bridgesTransportation EngineeringTransportation EngineeringTee beam bridgeContinuous bridgebridges forms:Transportation Engineeringbridges forms:Transportation EngineeringBridges components:Foundations:They carry heavy loads.Abutment and piers:Piers are vertical supports to the bridge structur

14、e.Bearing:A mechanical arrangement inserted over the pier below the bridge structure proper for efficient load distribution from the bridge structure to pier is called a bearing.Deck slab:The surface on which traffic moves is the deck slab and it is made up of reinforced concrete.The deck slab is su

15、pported on a structural from which transfers the load to the sub-structure.Transportation EngineeringHarbor EngineeringWhat is Harbor Engineering?Sheltered water where ships can lie and,in some harbors,load or unload.It may be natural or artificially sheltered.A harbor without loading facilities,provided at an in hospitable coastline merely to allow shipping to shelter during storms.Every harbor must serve as a harbor of refuge,so the term is applied only to those that serve no other purpose.