Unit7 International charities grammar 牛津译林版英语八年级下册.pptx

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1、 Unit7 International CharitiesGrammarin the fight against COVID-19Houshenshan Hospital was built within one week.The closes-off management measures were quickly implemented(实行、执行).More doctors and medical supplies were sent abroad.Most COVID-19 cases in China are cured now.More money is needed to ca

2、rry on with the work.Passive voicein the simpe present and past tenses一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态Learning Objectives To learn the use of passive voice in the simple present tense.To learn the use of passive voice in the simple past tense.To learn to use the passive voice.Charities around the worldORBIS WWF Oxf

3、am UNICEF1.On the plane,volunteer doctors do operations.2.The plane is also used as a training center.3.Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations4.During Dr Mas last visit,150 patients were operated on.The plane is used as a hospital.When to use the passive voice?a.

4、It is obvious（明显的）who performs the action.His eye problem was cured two months ago.b.We dont know or dont need to know who performs the action.The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved.c.The action is more important than the person who performs the actionHave a try！1.Today English _ o

5、ver China.A teach B teaches C is taught D are taught2.The meeting _ two weeks ago.A hold B was held C were held D is held3.The thief _ by police last night.A caught B is caught C was caught D were caughtHave a try！4.The photos _ when I was young.A were taken B took C are taken D is taken5.Millie is

6、my best friend.I _ often _ to her party.A is invited B am invited C are invited D was invited6.Last year，Beijing _ by a big sandstorm A is hit B were hit C hit D was hitWork out the rule!How to form the passive voiceThe simple present tenseam/is/are+doneThe simple past tensewas/were+donenegative sen

7、tence structuream/is/are not+donewas/were not+done基本结构：be+过去分词（be体现时态）Complete the sentences using the words in brackets and the passive voice.1.More money_(donate)to build this hospital last week.2.This charity _(call)ORBIS.3.Medicine _(send)to poor areas every month.4.Many local doctors _(invite)t

8、o this talk yesterday.5.This place _(not use)as a training centre.was donated is called is sent were invited isnt usedCould Tom catch Jerry?At last,Jerry was caught.active voicepassive voiceAt last,Tom caught Jerry.by TomOn the plane,volunteer doctors do operations.On the plane,operations are done b

9、y volunteer doctors.ORBIS doctors helped many blind people.Many blind people were helped by ORBIS doctors.We can also introduce who or what performs an action in the passive voice using b y.We put b y and the performer after the verb.by.“被”active voice passive voiceTom caught Jerry.Jerry Tom.was cau

10、ghtby 1234找主语和宾语换主语和宾语的位置改动词为be+过去分词加“by”在新宾语前Find the subject and objectChange the place of the subject and objectChange the verb into be+done（be体现时态）Add“by”before the new objectWork out the rule!Change the sentences into passive voice.1.They helped the poor child last week.2.We collect warm clothe

11、s for the poor people.3.My parents give me a birthday present every year.4.She often takes care of the little girl.5.Students and teachers plant many trees every year.The poor child was helped by them last week.Warm clothes are collected for the poor people by us.I am given a birthday present by my

12、parents every year.The little girl is often taken care of by her.Many trees are planted by students and teachers every year.A birthday present is given to me by my parents every year.What they do every yearThey plan charity activities to help the poor.Volunteers hand out leaflets to people in the st

13、reet.They sell toys and CDs to raise money.123Charity activities are planned to help the poor.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.Toys and CDs are sold to raise money.分发 the simple present tenseWhat they did last week4 56The Class 1,Grade 8 students sent new books to the ch

14、ildren in poor areas.They collected warm clothes for poor people.The students Union held a charity show.New books were sent to children in poor areas by the Class 1,Grade 8 students.Warm clothes were collected for poor people.A charity show was held by the students Union.the simple past tense was se

15、t up was opened are sold is used is called was started were given are built1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _

16、on the floor.are usedare cleaned(变被动语态）4.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.5.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.6.The students in this school study Japanese.Japanese _ _ by the students in this school.wa

17、s asked is done1.主动形式表示被动的含义：happen,take place,break down 感官系动词smell,taste,feel,look,sound虽然主语和它们之间是“动作与承受者“的被动关系，但不用被动语态。如：The food _(taste)delicious.Great changes _(take)place in my hometown in the past few years.2.某些可以和well,easily等副词连用的动词如sell,wash,write等也用主动形式表示被动意义，表示主语的属性特征。如：These vegetables

18、_(sell)well,so the farmers grow even more than before.This kind of clothes _(wash)easily.注意：sell well不用于被动语态，但sell可用于被动语态。sell out 卖光，售完 be sold out 被销售一空tastessell被动语态中常用的特殊句型have taken washes3.动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find（发现），make,let 等 在主动语态中后跟省略了“to”的不定式，但在变为被动语态时要加上“to”.即：see/hear/feel/wat

19、ch/notice/find/make/let sb.do sth.sb.be seen/heard/felt/watched/noticed/found/made/let to do sth.如：1)I often hear him sing.He is often heard to sing(by me).2)Peter saw Sandy cross the road just now.Sandy was seen to cross the road(by Peter)just now.3)The boss made them work for ten hours a day.They

20、were made to work for ten hours a day by the boss.4.It is said(that)据说 It is/was said/reported/known to all(that)句子“据说/据报道/众所周知”如：1)据说长城是世界上最长的墙。It is said(that)the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.2)众所周知世界上都踢足球。It is known to all(that)football is played all over the world.3)据报道，在那次车祸中无人受

21、伤。It was reported(that)no one was hurt in that accident.5.“主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语”句型变为被动结构时，只将其中一个宾语变为被动结构的主语，另一宾语不变。如果将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时，间接宾语之前则应加to或for。如：1)He told her a long story.She was told a long story(by him).A long story was told to her(by him).2)Mother bought me a new coat.I was bought a new coat(by mother).A new coat was bought for me(by mother).