高考英语语法复习-非谓语动词课件.ppt

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1、Nonfinite Nonfinite VerbsVerbs(非谓语动词非谓语动词)福建师大二附中福建师大二附中 2008年年4月月谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语

2、情态动词情态动词/助动助动词词+v.系动词系动词+表语表语非谓语：主要包括不定式（非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），），ving形式以及形式以及过去分词过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.You are students,so you dont work in the factory.Being students,you dont

3、 work in the factory.过去分词过去分词不定式不定式V.-ing V.-ing 形式形式非谓语动词高考题高考题巩固巩固 题题1 1巩固巩固 题题2 2V-ing as Adverbial1.Hearing a sound,the baby stopped crying.2.He cut off the electricity,preventing an accident.3.Having been told her daughter was sick,she hurried to the school to take her home.(not)V-ing(not)havin

4、g done(not)having been done4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident.5.Having lived in the country for many years,she knows how to grow vegetables.6.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.V-ing 的形式Revision（一）动词不定式（一）动词不定式 to do 作

5、用作用（The function of“to do”）1.What does it mean to be a scientist?(subject)2.Nothing in life is to be feared(predicative)3.People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him.(object)4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months to live.(attribu

6、te)5.He travelled around the world to give lectures.(adverbial)6.He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(adverbial)7.The teacher asked us to write a composition about a famous scientist.(object complement)7.Nor did he let the disease stop him from living(object compement)1.John step

7、ped forward so as to be introduced to the visitors.2.2.Anne stepped forward so as to introduce the visitors to us.3.3.They seem to have met each other before.Didnt you notice that.4.4.They seem to know each other.5.5.When mother came into my room,I pretended to be reading a letter.6.6.Ill write down

8、 your name and address so as not to forget them.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态小结(not)to do(not)to be done(not)to have(been)done(not)to be doing2.成分 1)作表语作表语 eg She is interested in the job.All the audiences are moved.2)作定语作定语 eg.Tigers and lions are animals which are endangered.All the people who ar

9、e invited to the meeting are VIP.Tigers and lions are endangered animals.We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.3）作宾补作宾补 eg Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.We have our c

10、lassroom cleaned every day.4)作状语作状语（比较：When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the viilage very small.=Seeing from the top of the mountain,we found the village very small.）eg.If it is seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.Seen from the top of the mountain,the villa

11、ge looks very small.eg.The teacher entered the room and he was followed by some students.The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.例4 As there was nobody，he had to go alone.There _ nobody,he had to go alone.If time permits,I will go to see you.Time_,I will go to see you.As the work had

12、been finished,he went to bed.The work_,he went to bed.being permitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished不定式不定式例2NMET2000第19题Iveworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,lear

13、n,decide,wonder,explain不定式的不定式的作用作用不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例3:You are the third one _ the room.A.to enter B.entering C.entered A解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 way/chance/opportunity等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：I need a pen to write with.(不及物动词要加介词)不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（

14、五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:You are not allowed _ the books out.A.taking B.to taken C.take D.to takeD解析：allow sb.to do当被改为被动态时，为sb.be allowed to do.不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例6：I got up early to catch the bus.He went out never to return

15、.He is too young to go to school.I am happy to meet you.A.Adverbial of purpose B.Adverbial of result C.Adverbial of reasonABCB例例7 NMET 1997第第12题题Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式不定式解析：解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like)to

16、是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态例例8 NMET 2002 第第14题题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen 例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.T

17、he question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.B解析解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动被动关系用被动.不定式不定式例例9 NMET 1996年年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating

18、 not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatC 解析解析：该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warnsb.nottodosth.warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构另外，not应放在to之前。不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式V.-ing 形式形式例例2 a sleeping baby a sleeping bagVing 做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。boiling water boiled water an exciting

19、game an excited man ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词V.-ing 形式形式例3.I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition.A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing有些动词后接to do为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加to do也可加doing，但是意义不同。B过

20、去分词过去分词1.作状语例例1 NMET1996第第23题题_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought.thought B.be lost in thought.（比较：比较：Losing Losing h

21、imself in thought,he almost ranhimself in thought,he almost ran）过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。过去分词过去分词3.作表语例例3 NMET1998第第23题题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.过去分词过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去

22、分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.例例4 NMET2000第第22题题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析5.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.t

23、obetaking6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyo

24、uknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding10.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlangu

25、agecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.not

26、todoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing15.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.(97 上海上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.(95 上海上海20)A.visitB.p

27、ayingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoe

28、sonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking aga

29、in and again.and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never driveA.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6.6.To master a foreign language,_.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practiceA.a lot of practice is need

30、ed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice 20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned4.4.Our father often told us in the past that _is bel

31、ieving.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seenA.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learnA.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.2.I

32、t s a pay dayIt s a pay day，and they are waiting_.and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paidA.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.-3.-A letter may be too slow.A letter may be too slow.-Why not _ a telegram.-Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to sendA.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习C CDABADThank you!