科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧-词义的选择课件.ppt

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1、科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧词义的选择 英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意思。一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。根据词类选择词义 An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）The earth goes round the sun.地球环绕太阳运行。（介词）Round surface

2、 reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device.弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词）The tree measures forty inches round.这棵树树围40 英寸。（副词）This is the whole round of knowledge.这就是全部的知识范围。（名词）Like charges repel,unlike charges attract.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。（形容词）In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine gr

3、ains of dust shining like gold.在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。（介词）It is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the like.正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等类物质。（名词）He likes making experiments in chemistry.他喜欢做化学实验。（动词）Waves in water move like the waveform moves along a rope.波在水中移动就象波形沿着绳子移动一样。（连词）根据上下文选择词义 Our work today

4、 is to work out the design.我们今天的工作是把设计做出来。To move something is to do work.移动物体就是作功。We like his works very much.我们非常喜欢他的著作。The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country.这些大型钢铁厂的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。The works of thes

5、e watches and clocks are all home-produced.这些钟表里的机件全部都是国产的。The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving power compared with the optical microscope.与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨率。Power can be transmitted over a long distance.电力可以输送到很远的地方。The fourth power of three is eighty-one.3的4次方是81。The combini

6、ng power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element.化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一元素的化合价。Explosive technological development after 1940 gave the medical profession enormous power to fight disease and sickness.1940年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。Semiconductor devices have no

7、 filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率和加热时间。A car needs a lot of power to go fast.汽车高速行驶需要很大动力。Streams and waterfall are suitable for the development of hydroelectric power.溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电能源。The nucleus is the information center of the cell.细胞

8、核是细胞的信息中枢。He was imprisoned in a cell.他被关在监狱的单人小牢房中。In the center of the spacious workshop stood a cell with packets of block anodes.在宽敞的车间中央有一个装有一组组阳极板的电解槽。When the ends of a copper wire are joined to a device called an electric cell a steady stream of electricity flows through the wire.当把一根铜丝的两端连接

9、到一种叫做电池的电器上时，就会有稳定的电流流过该铜丝。Key:铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。线圈周围形成了一个磁场。原子虽小，但电子却更小。试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义：When sunlight falls on the leaves of plants,it is transformed into chemical energy.There is no physical contact between workpiece and tool.The amount of work is equal to the p

10、roduct of the force by the distance.The thicker the wire,the more freely it will carry current,and the less its resistance.When the pressure gets low,the boiling point becomes low.1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.2.Noises may develop in a worn engine.3.Shorts

11、frequently develop when insulation is worn.4.Sure enough,80 percent of the plants developed the disease.5.Other isolation methods are being developed.6.In developing the design,we must consider the feasibility of processing.7.After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the

12、 computers.1.A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition.2.Interactive programming conditions are now available for some commercial programming languages.3.The results of a biopsy indicate a rare nonmalignant condition.4.Doctors learn that he suffers from a blood disorder and h

13、esitate to treat him with an antivenin,which they believe might make his condition worse.5.The frequency with which the filter should be removed,inspected,and cleaned will be determined primarily by aircraft operating conditions.A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition.数学操作或

14、逻辑操作必须符合某种条件。Interactive programming conditions are now available for some commercial programming languages.交互编程环境现在能用于一些商用编程语言。The results of a biopsy indicate a rare nonmalignant condition.活组织检查结果表明这是一个罕见的良性病例。Doctors learn that he suffers from a blood disorder and hesitate to treat him with an antivenin,which they believe might make his condition worse.医生知道孩子患的是血液病，但对是否用抗蛇毒血清进行治疗犹豫不决，因为他们认为这样做也许会使病情恶化。The frequency with which the filter should be removed,inspected,and cleaned will be determined primarily by aircraft operating conditions.过滤器拆卸、检查及清洗的次数主要取决于飞机的运行状况。