Chapter-2-Software-计算机系统概论(双语)专业英语课件.ppt
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1、Chapter 2:SoftwareSoftware BasicsSystem SoftwareApplication SoftwareSoftware BasicsComputer program:A computer program is a set of detailed,step-by-step instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or carry out a task.Eg:#includemain()int a=10,b=20,c;c=a+b;printf(“%d”,c);Computer Softwa
2、re:It is defined as the instructions and associated data,stored in electronic format,that direct the computer to accomplish a task.Eg:Windows 98 Os Microsoft Office 2000.Copyrighted SoftwareA Copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the copyright owner exclusive rights to copy the softwar
3、e,to distribute or sell it,and to modify it.People who illegally copy,distribute,or modify software are sometimes called software pirates,and their illegal copies are referred to as pirated software.License for Different UserMost Software Publishers offer a variety of license optionsThey areSingle-U
4、ser LicenseMultiple-User LicenseConcurrent-Use LicenseSite LicenseSingle-User License:This type of license limits the use of the software to only one user at a time.Most commercial software is distributed with single user license.Eg:Oracle,Win 98 OSMultiple-User License:This type of license allows m
5、ore than one person to use a particular software package.Eg:Win NT Concurrent-Use License allows a certain no of copies of the software to be used at the same time.Site License generally allows the software to be used on any and all computers at a specific location,such as within a corporate office
6、building or on a university campus.A site license is priced at a flat rate for example,$5,000 per site.Software CategoriesSoftware is classified into two categories System Software:It helps the computer to carry out its basic operating tasks.Application software:It helps the human user to carry out
7、certain tasks.Categories of the system softwareOperating systemUtilitiesDevice drivers&Computer programming languagesOS ServicesAn operating system performs many tasks often referred to as“services”These service can be classified into the follv External servicesv Internal services In External servic
8、es the Os help the users to start programs,manage stored data,and maintain securityIn Internal services The OS controls input and output,allocates system resources,manages the storage space for programs and data.A system resource is any part of the computer system,such as disk drive space,memory cap
9、acity,or processor time that might be used by the computer programDesktop operating system-also called as a client operating system.It is designed for a single user microcomputer.Windows OSMicrosoft windows is the most popular operating system for todays computers because it supports vast array of a
10、pplication software and peripheral devices.The first versions of Windows OS is Windows 1.0,2.0 and 3.0Windows 3.1 was introduced in 1992.In 1995 Microsoft introduced windows 95In 1998 they launched Windows 1998.Windows provides icons,buttons,and other on screen controls that can be manipulated by a
11、mouse or similar pointing devices.Windows operating system Multitasking-allowing you to work on more than one project.Windows NT/2000 workstation Microsoft offers workstations versions of the windows operating system such as Windows NT Workstation Windows 2000 ProfessionalWorkstation refers to a Hig
12、h performance,Single User Micro computer that can be used for High performance tasks such as Computer Aided design,Video Editing and scientific applications.Windows 2000 ProfessionalMAC OSDOSDOS Disk Operating systemIt was developed my MicrosoftMicrosoft marketed this Os under the trade name MS-DOSS
13、erver Operating SystemTodays popular server OS include Microsoft Windows NT Server Microsoft Windows 2000 ServerThese OS are similar to Workstation versions but they provide additional features for flow of data on large networks and websitesNovel Netware is a server OS designed specifically for micr
14、o computer networks Linux OSUtilitiesUtilities are sub category of system software designed to augment the OS to control the allocation and use of hardware resourcesExample Norton utilities it collects the data from a damaged disk and saves the data securely.Computer Programming LanguageComputer Pro
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