Chapter-8-Quality-Management-工业工程专业英语-教学课件.ppt

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1、Chapter 8 Quality Management Unit1QualityStandardsandQualityControlUnit2QualityManagementandQualityCostUnit1QualityStandardsandQualityControl o1.DefinitionsofQualityo2.QualityinManufacturingo3.QualityinServiceo4.ISO9000SeriesStandardso5.RulesofCertificationtoQMSo6.StepsofCertificationtoQMS Unit1Qual

2、ityStandardsandQualityControl o7.StatisticQualityControlo8.DefinitionofSixSigmaMethodologyo9.KeyElementsofSixSigmaMethodologyo10.SixSigmainBusinesso11.SixSigmainEngineeringo12.QualityControlTools 1.DefinitionsofQuality oTheformaldefinitionofquality,standardizedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute

3、(ANSI)andtheAmericanSocietyforQualityControl(ASQC)in1978isthetotalityoffeaturesandcharacteristicsofaproductorservicethatbearsonitsabilitytosatisfygivenneeds.oCompletequalityincludesthe2aspects:Fitnessforuseandconformancetospecifications.3.QualityinService Themostimportantdimensionsofservicequality:q

4、TimeqTimelinesqCompletenessqCourtesyqConsistencyqAccessibilityandconvenienceqAccuracyqResponsiveness4.ISO9000SeriesStandards oTheISO9000seriesofqualitymanagementstandardswasdevelopedbytheISOtosetinternationalrequirementsforqualitymanagementsystemsin1979.oTheseriescontainsfoursystemstandardsofvarying

5、complexityandcompletenessandtheyare:ISO9001,ISO9002,ISO9003andISO9004.5.RulesofCertificationtoQMS oCertificationofaQualityManagementSystem(QMS)tothegenericISO9001:2000standardcanimprovetheabilitytomeetstrategicobjectives.Thefollowingrulesshouldbeobeyed:Makesureyoubegintheprocesswiththerightattitude.

6、Haveacompleteunderstandingoftheconceptsetforthin the standard,and use the standard as a guidetemplatetodefineyourmanagementsystem.6.StepsofCertificationtoQMS oObtainastandard oReviewliteratureandsoftware oAssembleateamanddefineyourstrategy oDeterminetrainingneeds oReviewconsultantoptions oDevelopama

7、nagementsystemsmanual oDevelopprocedures oImplementyourmanagementsystem oConsiderapre-assessment oSelectacertificationbody/registrar 7.StatisticQualityControl oQualitycontrolinvolvesmakingaseriesofplannedmeasurementsinordertodetermineifqualitystandardsarebeingmet.oQualitycontrolactivitymayberequired

8、attimesorinplaceswheresupervisionandcontrolpersonnelarenotpresent.9.KeyElementsofSixSigmaMethodology ThekeyelementsofSixSigmaare:oCustomerSatisfactionoDefiningProcessesoDefiningMetricsandMeasuresforProcessesoUsingandUnderstandingDataandSystemsoSettingGoalsforImprovementoTeamBuildingandInvolvingEmplo

9、yees11.SixSigmainEngineering oASixSigmaEngineerdevelopsefficientandcosteffectiveprocessestoimprovethequalityandreducethenumberofdefectspermillionpartsinaManufacturing/Productionenvironment.oSixSigmaEngineersdetermineandfinetunemanufacturingprocess.12.QualityControlTools-ChecksheetsFigure8.1Checkshee

10、ts 12.QualityControlTools-Flowchart Figure8.3PlasticTagProductionFlowchart12.QualityControlTools-C/EDiagramFigure8.4CauseandEffectDiagramforEdgeFlaws12.QualityControlTools-HistogramsFigure8.5Histograms 12.QualityControlTools-ScatterDiagramFigure8.6ScatterDiagram 12.QualityControlTools-ControlChartFi

11、gure8.7ControlChartforStatisticalProcess Unit2QualityManagementandQualityCost o6.DevelopmentofQualityCostso7.DarkSideofQualityCostAnalysiso8.QualitySystemInspectionTechniqueo9.QSITPrinciples1.DefinitionofTQM oTotalQualityManagement(TQM)isamanagementphilosophythatseekstointegrateallorganizationalfunc

12、tions(marketing,finance,design,engineering,andproduction,customerservice,etc.)tofocusonmeetingcustomerneedsandorganizationalobjectives.oTQMisamethodbywhichmanagementandemployeescanbecomeinvolvedinthecontinuousimprovementoftheproductionofgoodsandservices.2.PrinciplesofTQM ThekeyprinciplesofTQMareasfo

13、llowing:oManagementCommitmentoEmployeeEmpowermentoFactBasedDecisionMakingoContinuousImprovementoCustomerFocus4.TwoImplementationApproachesofTQM oApreliminarystepinTQMimplementationistoassesstheorganizationscurrentreality.oAnorganizationshouldbebasicallyhealthybeforebeginningTQM.TraditionalManagement

14、ApproachIntegratedManagementApproach5.DefinitionandContentsofQualityCosts oQualitycostsarethecostsassociatedwithpreventing,finding,andcorrectingdefectivework.oOneofthekeyfunctionsofaQualityEngineeristhereductionofthetotalcostofqualityassociatedwithaproduct.oQualityCostisgenerallydividedinto:CostsofC

15、ontrol(includingPreventioncostsandAppraisalcosts)CostsofFailureofControl(includingInternaldefectcostsandExternaldefectcosts).7.DarkSideofQualityCostAnalysisoQualityCostAnalysislooksatthecompanyscosts,notthecustomerscosts.Themanufacturerandselleraredefinitelynottheonlypeoplewhosufferquality-relatedco

16、sts.Thecustomersuffersquality-relatedcoststoo.oTheexternalfailurecostsarebornebycustomers,ratherthanbythecompany.oTheproblemofcost-of-qualityanalysisisthatitsetsusuptounderestimateourlitigationandcustomerdissatisfactionrisks.8.QualitySystemInspectionTechniqueoTheQualitySystemInspectionTechnique(QSIT

17、)processencompassesthreenewapproachesthataredifferentfromthetraditionalqualitysysteminspectioninrecentyears:Thefirstistheconceptofatop-downprocess.Thesecondnewapproachistheconceptofrecordsampling.Thefinalnewapproachistheconceptofpre-inspectionrecordreview.9.QSITPrinciplesoQSITisaninspectionprocessba

18、sedonthesubsystemsofthequalitysystem.oTheQSITapproachreducedthetimerequiredforcomprehensiveinspectionsandappearedtofocustheinspectionsonthekeyareasofcompanyqualitysystems.oTwoaspectsofQSITdistinguishitasauniqueinspectionprocess:theprinciplesofmanagementresponsibilityandofCorrectiveAndPreventiveActions(CAPA).