面向电气工程的C++第1章本课程的任务课件.ppt

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1、面向电气工程的C+教 教 师：许彦峰 师：许彦峰办公室：森工楼 办公室：森工楼121 121E-mail E-mail：本课程的任务 本课程电气专业的选修课。本 课 程 开 设 的 目 的 是 要 求 学 生 理 解 面 向 电 气 工程 设 计 的 基 本 思 想、方 法 和 技 巧；进 一 步 加 强学 生 编 写 和 调 试 应 用 程 序 的 能 力。本 课 程 结 合目前广泛使用的C+语言来进行教学。成 绩 评 定：笔 试50%+实 验30%+课 堂 学 习 情 况20%；期末考试采用开卷方式。History of Electronic Computersu First comput

2、er ABC(Atanasoff Berry Computer)at Iowa State U.1930s Solved large numbers of simultaneous equationsu First“all-purpose”computer ENIAC(Electronic Numeric Integrator And Calculator)Main idea developed from ABC notesu Both had set wiring data was input to memoryLesson 1.1John von Neumannu Mathematicia

3、nu Proposed alternative to“hard wiring”u Introduced concept of stored program instructions Both data and instructions were stored Led to development of multipurpose computersLesson 1.1Architectureu Four main parts CPU(central processing unit)Main memory Controllers Peripheral devicesu Hardware Elect

4、ronic and mechanical devices integrated or connected to computerLesson 1.2Schematic MainMemoryControllersPeripheral DevicesCPUArithmeticLogic UnitRegisterRegisterRegisterControlUnitMotherboardLesson 1.2Main Memoryu Stores information to be process or instructions to be executedu Information stored i

5、n bits(binary dig its)Two states:on or off Byte is 8 bits(character of information like b)Grouped into packets called cells or words Bit pattern is codeLesson 1.2Memory Accessu RAM Random access memory Allows access to cells in no particular order V olatileu ROM Read only memory Cannot be modified b

6、y user Information is permanent(non-volatile)u Serial access Sequence of cell followed to extract informationLesson 1.2Central Processing Unit(CPU)u Control Unit Controls activities of CPU Directs flow of instructions Communicates with ALUu Registers Rapid access memory cellsu Arithmetic-Logic Unit(

7、ALU)Arithmetic operations Logic operations(compares,etc)Lesson 1.2Mass Storage Devicesu Store informationu Devices that rotate,write to or read from called drivesu On/Off(binary)Magnetic spots on disks or tape Pits or“lands”on CDs(optical disks)Lesson 1.2Input-Output Devicesu Input Convert informati

8、on coming in to computer compatible form Examples:keyboards,scanners,microphonesu Output Convert computer codes into user understandable format Examples:monitors,printers,speakersLesson 1.2Controllersu Coordinate actions of peripheral devices with actions of computeru Constant flow between periphera

9、l equipment and controller Need to know what peripheral equipment is doingLesson 1.2Network TopologiesRingIrregular BusTreeLesson 1.3Data Representationu Each bit is either on or off,1 or 0u ASCII code 8 bits make a byteu Integers represented by base 2,binary system Each place position is power of 2

10、(23+22+21+20)u Two other number systems used Octal(powers of 8)Hexadecimal(powers of 16)Lesson 1.4Memory Addressesu Every memory cell needs to be addressedu Binary code represent address of cellu One cell can contain address of another memory cellLesson 1.4Programming Languagesu Assembly language On

11、e level above machine languageu High-level language Designed to simplify writing programs Four typest Procedural(imperative)t Functionalt Declarativet Object oriented Lesson 1.5Softwareu Set of instructions read into computers memory and later executed on demandu Two types Systemt Operating systemst Utility programst Language translators ApplicationLesson 1.6