APA-Referencing课件.ppt

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1、ReferencingWhy reference?To prevent plagiarism To show that you have researched the topic University regulations Validates your argumentsPlease use the paper copy given as your rule book.keep it to hand at all times when compiling assignmentsWhat should you reference?Anything that is not general kno

2、wledge that you include in your work Graphs,tables,pictures,diagrams that are not your own or not based on your own data,even if you have drawn the graph yourselfWhat do I need to do?Referencing is made up of two parts:In text.Called a“citation”Full reference at the end of the report Anything cited

3、in text must be in the end of report reference list Anything in the end of report reference list must be cited in textCiting in text There are several ways to do this:The information you need is just Author surname Year of publishing All the other information can be looked up in the full reference a

4、t the back of the reportCiting in text Ways of citing in text:1.Integrated in a sentence2.Supporting a sentence3.Direct quotations4.Giving the source for figures in a graph or table5.Citing an internet reference in textCiting in text1.Integrated in a sentence Hopkinson(2009)stated that plagiarism in

5、 higher education can lead to failure of a module or even of the whole course.Citing in text3.Direct quotations Material quoted directly from another writers work should normally be reproduced word for word.If you wish to leave out any of the original text,you will have to include three dots at the

6、relevant point to make it clear that something has been omitted.On the other hand,if you want to add a few words of your own to the quotation,to make it clearer,you will have to put your added words in square brackets.Dont fill your assignment with direct quotes!Citing in text3.Direct quotations Exa

7、mple:Welch(1999)has commented that Gaskells work“had fundamentally changed how we look at working-class womens lives and their relationship with the land.”Citing in text4.Giving the source for figures in a graph or table Citing in text5.Citing an internet reference in textUnknown authors If the auth

8、or is unknown(and not described as Anonymous)you can refer to it by its title.Examples:The unnamed author of the Elizabethan pamphlet On punishing shrewish wives(1583)declared that The book Consular services abroad(2005)comments that If there is more than one author.Write them in the order that they

9、 appear on the book Separate each name with a comma Examples:In 1998,Bentley,Royce,Higgins and Hill found that(first citation)Bentley et al.(1998)(second and subsequent citation/s)For more than 6 authors,cite the surname of the first author followed by et al.In the list of references you should cite

10、 the first six authors,followed by et al.Philips et al.(2005)claimed that(not bold!)No date to be found If no date is available anywhere and you still trust the source,use n.d.,which stands for no date:Example:The BBC(n.d.)has also indicated that ENOUGH ABOUT CITING IN TEXT.WHAT ABOUT THE REFERENCE

11、LIST?Book referencing a reminderWhat do we need to put down?Book referencing a reminder Author surname then comma Author initials,with a full stop after each initial Year in brackets then full stop Book title(in italics)Edition number if available Place of publishing,then a colon“:”Publisher,then a

12、full stop.Other types of referencing Follow the guideline in the“APA referencing style Guide”there are ways to reference:Books Journal articles Internet pages Conference papers Acts of parliament(laws)And many more!Websites Examples:When referencing electronic publications,include the same elements

13、and in the same order as for a print version and include sufficient retrieval information for someone to locate the referenced document.Use a retrieval date only if the information on the webpage is likely to alter or is undated.Retrieval dates are therefore not needed for journal articles or books,

14、or reports as they are not likely to alter.Examples:Stubbs,T.,&Jenkins,S.(2003).Developments in the teaching of Mandarin in EC countries:Comparative needs of business communities in member states.Retrieved from European Union Minority Languages Web site:Do not cite an entire website,such as the NHS(

15、unless you wish to reference the entire website)you should refer specifically to the document you have read.National Health Service.(2004).The future of nursing.Retrieved from National Health Service Web site:Examples:University of Chester.(2008).Fees and payment.Retrieved November 11,2008 from Univ

16、ersity of Chester Web site:The retrieval date is used for this website as the information is likely to alter.Please dont panic!You dont have to remember the details just where to check You can ask for support this session can be used for reference support.Make sure you check against the APA standards,even if you have used referencing before If in doubt over whether you should reference some information,then do reference it better safe than a plagiarist!