2021届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit8 Adventure 北师大版必修3.doc

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1、【创新设计】2015届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit8 Adventure 北师大版必修3必考话题8日常活动写 作 必 备基础词汇1occur v发生2advocate v. 提倡3assistance n. 帮助4harmonious adj. 和谐的5regretful adj. 后悔的6congratulate v. 祝贺7independent adj. 独立的8remind v. 提醒9outgoing adj. 外向的10persevere v. 坚持不懈11give up 放弃12rather than 而不是13belong to 属于14be familiar wit

2、h 对熟悉提分句型1Hope for the best，but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。2On the way home，I caught sight of a car knocking into a big truck.在回家的路上，我看到了一辆轿车撞上了一辆大卡车。3To our surprise，they seemed to show no interest in trying kicking the harmful habit.使我们感到惊讶的是，对于尝试改掉那种有害的习惯他们似乎不感兴趣。4Its advisable that we b

3、rush our teeth before going to bed.我们睡前刷牙是可取的。5He feels sleepy in classes because he studies deep into the night.因为熬夜学习，课堂上他觉得昏昏欲睡。美 文 赏 析素材示例(2013陕西卷)假定你是李华。请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记，记述你周末帮助家人做家务的一次经历。写作要点：(1)做家务的理由；(2)做家务的过程；(3)你的感受。注意：(1)短文词数不少于100；(2)开头部分已写好，不计入总词数。(3)不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。I am an 18yearold middl

4、e school student _Im_an_18yearold_middle_school_student.I have always been too busy with my study to help my parents at home.Not until recently do I begin to think about what I should do for my parents.Last Sunday，when my parents were not at home，it occurred to me that I could clean the whole house.

5、 At first，I swept and mopped the floor.Then I put the things in place such as books，newspapers and other things scattered in the room.I was wiping the door when my parents came back. They were only too surprised to see what I was doing.I could see tears in my mothers eyes.At that moment，I knew it wa

6、s time that I shared my load for the family.Tired though I was，I never realized what use I can be of to my parents until that moment.1not until开头的时间状语从句放在句首，主句用部分倒装。模拟Not until he took off his dark glasses did_I_realise that he was Bi Fujian.直到他摘下墨镜，我才认出他是毕福剑。2It occurred/occurs to sb that.某人突然想起模拟I

7、t_occurred_to_me_that Da Shan came from Canada.我突然想起大山来自加拿大。 3be doing.when.正在做某事，这时模拟I was_watching the Voice of China when someone knocked at the door.我正在看中国好声音，这时有人敲门。 .核心单词1_(adj.)较重要的；较严重的_(n.)大多数；大部分2_(adj.)令人疲劳的_(adj.)疲倦的，厌倦的_(vt.)使疲倦；使疲劳3_(n.)团体，组织，机构_(v.)组织4_(adj.)不舒服的，不自在的_(adj.)舒服的_(n.&vt

8、.)安慰5_(n.)住所，住处_(vt.)容纳6_(vi.)不同于，有区别_(n.)不同之处_(adj.)不同的7_(adj.)忧虑的，担心的_(n.)焦虑，不安8_(vt.)冒风险_(adj.)冒险的9_(n.)量，数量_(n.)品质，质量10_(adj.)极度的，极端的_(adv.)极其地，极端地11_(n.)相似性，类似性_(adj.)相似的12_(adj.)不同的，各种各样的_(n.)品种；种类；变化13_(n.)配备，设备_(vt.)装备，配备14_(n.)较喜欢的东西，偏爱_(v.)喜欢15_(vt.)使惊愕(惊奇)_(adj.)惊愕的，吃惊的_(adj.)令人惊异的_(n.)吃惊

9、，惊愕16_(vt.)使困惑_(adj.)困惑的_(adj.)令人困惑的_(n.)混乱；困惑17_(adj.)富有的，富裕的_(n.)财富；富有18_(n.)陈述_(v.)陈述19_(n.)志向，抱负_(adj.)有远大志向的；有野心的20_(adj.)愉快的，高兴的_(n.&vt.)欢呼21_(vt.)观察，观测_(n.)观察22_(n.)不利，不利条件_(n.)有利条件，长处23_(n.)幸存，残存_(vt.&vi.)幸免于；幸存24_(n.)边界；限度_(adj.)有限的答案1.major；majority2.tiring；tired；tire3.organisation；organis

10、e4.uncomfortable；comfortable；comfort 5accommodation；accommodate6.differ；difference；different7.anxious；anxiety8.risk；risky9.quantity；quality10.extreme；extremely11.similarity；similar12.various；variety13.equipment；equip14.preference；prefer15.amaze；amazed；amazing；amazement16.confuse；confused；confusing；c

11、onfusion17.wealthy；wealth18.statement；state19.ambition；ambitious20.cheerful；cheer21.observe；observation22.disadvantage；advantage23.survival；survive24.limit；limited词不离句，句不离段Adventure in a desert is my preference and ambition.It needs full preparation，quantities of goods and extreme patience.Or you wi

12、ll feel hopeless and anxious and even cant survive.重点短语1起飞_2就在此刻 _3为了(某一目的) _4颠倒地，倒置地 _5出现，到场 _6决定不履行(许诺的事) _7使理解(某事) _8in turn _9break out _10put into prison _11stand by _12on ones way _13break down _14run out of _15carry on _答案1.take off2.right now3.in order to4.upside down5.turn up6.back out7.get

13、 across8.轮流9.(坏事)突然发生，爆发10.关进监狱11.坚持(某种)说法12.在途中13.损坏，不能运转14.用完，耗尽15.继续做某事小试身手，聚焦短语The old man was taken care of by his children in_turn.This is the message that we want to get_across to the public.Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn_up.By the time they got back to the camp, th

14、ey had nearly run_out_of water.This printer is of good quality.If it should break_down within the first year, we should repair it at our expense.经典句式1Why do you think people would want to go on this trip?你认为人们为什么愿意去旅行？解读do you think作插入语模拟_(你认为什么时间)the aircraft carrier made in China will join our nav

15、y？2.Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马可讲的关于中国的故事太离奇了，令人难以置信。解读too.to.太而不能模拟Hearing that our Shenzhou10 spacecraft was successfully launched, I was _(太激动而无法控制泪水)3The next to go was Captain Oa

16、tes, who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走有很大的困难。解读have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难模拟Li Na _communicating with the foreigners(和外国人交流没有任何困难)in English.答案1.When do you think2.too excited to hold back my tears3.doesnt have any difficulty (in).必背句法状态动词或动态动词；定语从句()选词填空1I dont want

17、this kind of cloth.It _(feels/is felt) too thin.How about that kind？It _(is washed/washes) well and_(lasts/lasted) long.2We will put off the outing until next week，_ (when/which) we wont be so busy.3He wrote a lot of novels，none of _(which/them) was translated into a foreign language.4English is a f

18、ree site _(where/that) visitors can not just learn the English language but also chat online.5_(As/Which) is often the case with the elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.答案1.feels；washes；lasts2.when3.which4where5.As条分缕析，步步为营How about that kind of clot

19、h?那种布料怎么样？It _well and_long.它耐洗且持久。Would anyone_the accident please get in touch with the police?请目击这一事故的人与警方联系。The film is about a spy_betrays him.该电影讲的是一个被他妻子出卖的间谍。I met the fruitpickers，_were university students.我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好几个是大学生。答案washes；lastswho sawwhose wifeseveral of whom词 汇 精 解differ vi.

20、不同于，有区别(教材原句)How do the tourists differ from local people？旅游者与当地居民有什么不同呢？(1)differ from.与不同differ in.在方面不同differ with sb与某人意见不同(2)different adj.不同的，有差异的(3)difference n差异，差别make a/no difference有/无影响tell the difference between A and B指出A与B的不同English differs from Chinese in this respect, so we must pay

21、 more attention to it.在这方面英语不同于汉语，因此，我们要多加注意。Its through commitment and sweat that can _ within myself inside and out.(2011四川卷，A)正是我的付出和汗水才使自己得到了蜕变。答案make a differencerisk vt.冒的危险n.风险，危险(教材原句)What makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么使人们冒着生命危险去做这些事呢？(1)risk doing sth冒险做某事(2)at risk处境危险；遭受危险at

22、 ones (own) risk自负责任；自负后果at the risk of doing sth冒做某事的危险run/take the/a risk(或run/take risks)冒险Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.(2013湖北卷，E)而且，研究人员说，收入越高，伤残疾的风险越大。He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opp

23、ortunity.他为面试作了充分的准备，因为他不想冒风险失去这次好机会。Millions of lives in Africa and other poor areas are at risk because of severe food shortages.由于严重的食物短缺，非洲和其他贫穷地区的成百万人民的生命正处于危险之中。Will they go ahead with their plans, even_ the Americans?他们将继续实施那项计划吗，甚至他们愿意冒着得罪美国人的风险去这么做吗？答案at the risk of offendingquantity n量，数量(

24、教材原句)He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.他去了一个大量生产铁的城市。即可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词in quantity/in large quantities大量，大批Quantities of food were spread out on the table.许多食品被摊放在桌子上。The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.大批量购买这些卡片要便宜些。A large quantity of good earth _ in this a

25、rea every year.每年这个地区大量沃土被冲走。答案is being washed away【特别提示】 a quantity of/quantities of意思相当，即能修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。前者接不可数或可数名词的复数作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；而后者接不可数名词或可数名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。observe vt.观察，观测；遵守；庆祝(教材原句)Airconditioned vehicles for observing animals.用于观察动物的带空调的车辆。观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义Failure to observe all Pa

26、rk rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund._(2013江苏卷，A)It is a custom to observe Christmas in the west._In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour._(1)observe sb do sth/doing sth观察到某人做了某事/正在做某事(2)observation n观察；遵守under observ

27、ation被观察；被监视His neighbor observed a stranger enter his house and take away some valuables.他的邻居看见一个陌生人进入他家，拿走了一些贵重物品。答案遵守庆祝观察limit vt.限制，限定n.界限；边界，限度(教材原句)The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted.(2012天津卷A)在大学校园对自行车的速度限制为每小时15英里，除非另有说明。(1)limit.to.把限定在范围内(2)set a limit

28、 to/on.对规定限度within the limit of.在范围内(3)limited adj.有限的 Youre required to limit your speech to five minutes.要求你把演讲限制在五分钟之内。Central government has_by local councils.中央政府已给地方政府开支设置了一个限度。答案set a limit on/to spendingtake off 起飞，脱去(衣服等)；开始成功；休假观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义In Korea, you should take off your shoes when

29、entering a house.(2012安徽卷任务型阅读)_As the plane was taking off, I remembered I hadnt turned the iron off._Ive decided to take a few days off to visit my parents._After his third film, his career of film performance took off._take over接管，接任take out拿出；带出去；去掉take away拿走；消除；夺走take on呈现，具有(特征、外观等)Who will_n

30、ow that Camacho has resigned?卡马乔已经辞职，谁将接替他呢？答案脱下起飞休假开始成功take overturn up 出现，到场；找出，发现；开大，调高(教材原句)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.当我第一次跳的时候，我很紧张以致试图放弃，但在朋友们的劝说下，我终于完成了那次蹦极。观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义This is similar to

31、 waiting for a bus that never turns up._Investigations have never turned up any evidence._Bill would turn up the TV in the other room._turn on打开，开启turn off关掉turn down调小；拒绝turn to求助于turn out最后结果，最终成为；在场；出席；生产Dont worryIm sure it will all_fine.别担心我敢肯定一切最终会好起来的。答案出现找到调高turn out to beget across 使理解(某事)；

32、使被接受；横过(马路、河等)(教材原句)Its difficult to get across how exciting it is！要真正体会到这是多么令人兴奋的事并不容易。观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义The local government took some measures to help the deer to get across the highway._Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers._It took a long time to get across to the

33、workers the way the system worked._get away from逃离；远离；避开get down to开始认真处理/对待，开始做get through穿过；完成；接通电话；用完If everyone keeps in line, well_ the customs soon.如果大家都遵守秩序，我们会很快通过海关。答案横过接受理解get throughbreak down 损坏，不能运转；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；使分解(教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down, and then the horses began t

34、o have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两个雪橇坏了，接着马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage._The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire._His health has broken down completely._Peace talks have br

35、oken down in the Middle East._Sugar and starch (淀粉) are broken down in the stomach._break in闯入；插话，打断break away from突然挣脱，摆脱break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发break through冲破，突破；克服，战胜break up破碎；解散；结束；(学校)期终放假And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars_.那在中国是常发

36、生的事，当有人提出一个好主意时，许多其他的人便蜂拥而至，便爆发了价格之战。答案损坏拆除垮掉失败分解break out句 式 诠 释(教材原句)Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马可讲的关于中国的故事太离奇了，令人难以置信。(1)该句中使用了too.to.结构，意为“太而不能”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要把

37、不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。Youre right. Its too good a day to miss.(2011浙江卷，D)你说的对，这是个好日子不容错过。(2)too.to.句式中，若too后接glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等表示心情、情绪的形容词，表示肯定意义，too相当于very。They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.他们好像过份紧张，并且十分急于离开。(3)如果too前有否定词never或not(即never/

38、not too.to.)，或者不定式前有not(即too.not to do.)时，这两种形式均表示肯定意义。They are never too hardworking to finish the work on time.他们是非常勤快的，能按时完成这项工作。(4)cant.too.表示“无论怎样也不过分”。You cant be too careful to drive. After all, life is valuable.你开车时怎么仔细也不为过。毕竟生命是宝贵的。(5)too.to句式可以与not enough.to.或so.that.句式相互转换。He is too weak

39、to carry the box.He isnt strong enough to carry the box.He is_weak _he cant carry the box.他太虚弱了，搬不动这个箱子。答案so；that(教材原句)The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth/with sth表示“在方面有困难(或麻烦)；对有困难”。除difficulty外，trouble, bot

40、her, problems, fun, a hard/good time等也可用于该结构。Do you have any difficulty (in) finding his address?找他的地址你有困难吗？I have some trouble (in) getting along with my deskmate.我和同桌相处有些困难。对 点 题 组.用所给词的适当形式填空1We should put away our_(differ) and work together for our common goal.2He _(risky) his life to save the b

41、oy who fell into the river.3The book price is low if you buy the books in large_(quanty)4Qi Baishi _(observation) the world of nature very carefully, and his paintings are special because of this.5My time is_(limit) now that I have a baby.答案1.differences2.risked3.quantities4.observed5.limited.使用介词或副词填空1I differ_my classmates on that issue.2The doctor said that he was_risk for AIDS.3Our school should be equipped_a bigger and better sports field.4He promised to come，but so fa