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1、中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题 目： THE ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERS INTESS OF THE DURBERVILLES 姓 名 ： 00000000 班级、学号 ： 000000000000 系 (部) ： 经济管理系 专 业 ： 000000000 指导教师 ： 000000 开题时间： 2009-6-1 完成时间： 2009-11-1 2009年11月1日目 录Contents.2摘要3Abstract4Chapter One Introduction51.1the background of the work1.2the tragedy of

2、the workChapter Two Weakness in the Main Characters PersonalityThe Direct Cause of the Tragedy2.1Tess62.2Angel and Alex112.3Tesss parents19Chapter Four Conclusion .233.1The tragedy of TessBibliography24 摘要托马斯哈代是十九世纪末二十世纪初英国著名的现实主义小说家。德伯家的苔丝是哈代的代表作，也是最能体现他“性格与环境小说”创作精神的重要作品之一，标志着他现实主义小说的最高成就。哈代把苔丝中的主

3、人公苔丝定义为“一个纯洁的女人”，因此遭到了社会上众多评价家的猛烈抨击。评论家大都不能接受哈代的这个观点，因此虽已有些名气的哈代，在当时还是无法找到肯出版苔丝的商人。本文旨在分析“性格与环境”小说中最具代表意义的德伯家的苔丝中的主角苔丝德伯、安吉尔克莱尔、亚力克德伯维尔以及苔丝的父母亲的人物形象分析，揭示苔丝悲剧的实质，包括苔丝导致其悲剧的个人的性格原因、社会因素及人为因素，试图梳理出促成苔丝悲剧的种种因素，以及这些因素如何烘托和凸现了小说的主题。文章共分为三部分。第一部分绪论，介绍苔丝创作的背景及其悲剧性；第二部分分析苔丝性格以及悲剧产生的各种人为原因；第三部分为苔丝悲剧结论及感想。关键词：

4、 苔丝； 亚力克； 安吉尔； 苔丝的父母亲； 人物性格分析； 命运 ；人性. ABSTRACTThomas Hardy, one of the most influential English writers and he helped forge a link between the19th and 20th century literary tradition. Tess of the DUrbervilles, one of his representative works, best reveals the “Novels of Character and Environment” s

5、pirit. Tess is the crowning achievement of Hardys literary creation.Hardy considers the main female character of Tess as “A pure woman”, which made him encounter fierce and harsh criticism, for most of them could accept Hardys view. Though Hardy won a lot of reputation, he still could not find a per

6、iodical to publish Tess of the DUrbervilles.This thesis is an analysis on the reasons that cause the tragedy of Tess in Tess of the DUrbervilles .It consists of three parts- introduction; an analysis of Tesss characteristics, the relationship between her tragedy and the current environment, an analy

7、sis of the characters, Alec, Angel and Tesss parents, a discussion of the cause of Tesss tragedy; and finally, conclusion for the whole passage. The whole thesis will focus on analysis of the people who lived with Tess and the inescapable tragedy of Tesss fate. KEYWORDS: Tess; Alec; Angel; Tesss par

8、ents; characteristics analysis ; fate ;human-nature.Chapter One Introduction 1.1 This then was the beginning. Why she have to meet the wrong man, and one who was so strongly attracted to her? Yet to the right man .She was only a half-forgotten impression from an evening dancing in a county field. In

9、 life, the wrong man to love hardly ever comes at the right time for loving. Nature does not often answer a call for love, until the millions, it was not the two halves of a perfect whole who met. A missing half wandered somewhere else, arriving mush later. This delay was to have tragic results.1.2T

10、ess didnt want to be seduced by man and she had no power to defend herself so she lost her innocence and thats all! Angel also did the wrong thing and it was even more serious than Tesss crime but he was not blamed for it. Why it is always the woman who pays? Why they are always hurt? Why was Tesss

11、purity lost? Why does the wrong man take the wrong woman? Why do the bad often ruin the good? Why is beauty damaged by ugliness? Women are too weak! Thousands of years of history have shown us that women have always been treated unfairly! Chapter Two Weakness in the Main Characters PersonalityThe Di

12、rect Cause of the TragedyThis chapter mainly analyzes the weakness in the main characters personalities to see what kind of role they play respectively in the making of Tesss tragedy. The focus is on Tess, Alec，Angel and Tesss parents. We may feel regretful for Tesss fate after reading the novel. Me

13、anwhile we cannot help thinking that Tess herself is somewhat responsible for her tragedy due to her flaws in character. Alec and Angel are the two most influential men in Tesss life. Alec is a satanic character who is always tempting the innocent Tess. He distorts woman as an erotic object and a pr

14、ey instead of a human being who holds love and desire for self-dignity. Alec wants only her body and is indifferent to her feelings. While Angel is an idealist and his love for Tess is too imaginative and ethereal to stand any trial from the real life. After Tesss confession about her past, the disi

15、llusioned Angel abandons Tess to the abyss of desperation. Tess falls into the dilemma of two extreme traditional attitudes towards woman presented in Angel and Alec.It is rather the attitude toward woman in Tess of the DUrbervilles that is split into two characters, Alec and Angel, one taking an at

16、titude that woman is primary a sexual object, the other an attitude that thorough idealization. 2.1 TessAs a character, Tess has some quality worthy of our respect and admiration, such as her honesty, her loyalty to her husband, and her sensitivity to nature. She shows maternal love to her brothers

17、and sisters, and she is friendly and generous to her simple rivals in love. Motivated by her strong desire for happy life, she is heroic in her long-time endurance of harsh conditions and undue punishment. While there are also many contradictory qualities in her character that contribute greatly to

18、her predicament. The most obvious characteristics are those between pride and humility, between accepting of guilt and defiantly self-defensive, between conventional belief and strict independence of mind, between obedience and rebellion. Here the essay mainly probes into the “flaws” and good points

19、 in her character that lead to her tragedy2.1.1 HesitationThe fatal weakness of Tess is her hesitation in some most crucial moments, which is also a direct factor in her final destruction .At the beginning, she is not willing to depend on kin the rich DUrbervilles, but out of her sense of guilty of

20、killing their horse and the persuasion of her parents, she changes her mind in the final moment and submits to her parents will. Although her parents should take on most responsibility for this unwise decision, Tess should also be blamed partly for her lacking of will. When she reaches the DUrbervil

21、les, she stands hesitatingly outside, hardly knowing whether to retreat or to persevere until Alec comes forth and catches sight of her. Again, when Alec insists on forcing strawberry into her mouth, she eats in a half-pleased and half-reluctant state. She obeys like one in a dream when Alec gathers

22、 roses and gives her to put in her bosom. Otherwise, Alec would not become so presumptuous if she refused his temptation directly and firmly. But Tess behaves so weakly under Alecs hospitality. When she is persuaded to work for their false kin and leaves with Alec, Alec deliberately drives the horse

23、 in a full gallop to make her submit to him and promises to drive more cautiously in order to demand a kiss from her. Tess is shocked and begins to realize what Alecs real intention is. She protests his behavior by refusing to get on the cart again and at the same time she is wondering whether it wo

24、uld be wiser for her to return home. Obviously that is the best choice for her. If Tess, at this time, followed her instinct, she would save herself from the trap set by Alec, her destroyer .Nevertheless, her resolution is replaced by her sense of duty .Fully knowing her weakness and her great conce

25、rn for her family, Alec tells her that he has bought her father a new cab and her younger sisters and brothers some toys. Tess feels indebted to him. His strategy to gain her proves to be successful for Tess is blinded by his ardent manner and her rejection towards him weakness. Furthermore, her fat

26、al indecision prevents her once and again from confessing her past to Angel .As they fall in love with each other, conscience prevents her from living a lie, while her innate hesitation makes it difficult for her to disclose her secret to Angel. More than once she puts off her explanation. When Ange

27、l proposes to her, firstly, she can find no better reason for refusing him than the probable disapproval of his patents, though she hints at “experience” which she ought to let him know. Then she makes her mind again to tell him the truth, but at the last moment her courage fails her, because she fe

28、ars his blame for not telling him sooner; and her instinct of self-protection keeps her from telling the truth. So she tells him the history of her family. Then she decides to writes it in a letter. It turns out that the letter has lain under the edge of the carpet. Then she makes one more effort to

29、 tell him of her “faults and blunders” .But her courage so naturally melts away under Angels urgency!let them not spoil the day with confession of faults, but leave them till they are settled in their house. Thus she loses the golden opportunity to ask for forgiveness from Angel.And later her hesita

30、tion at the gate of her parents-in-law blocks her chance of getting help from them and gives the opportunity to Alec.2.1.2 Blind Worship to AngelThere is indeed something almost fetishistic in Tesss attitude towards Angel. In her minds eyes, Angel is so knowledgeable, so considerate, so patient, and

31、 so decent that she falls in love with him deeply. She has not known that the men could be so disinterested, protective, in their love for women as he. She seems to consider Angel Clare as her god rather than as a man. She does not blame Angel for her miserable condition in farm, and when her friend

32、 Marian complains that as a gentlemans wife Tess shouldnt live like this, Tess makes defense for Angel, When she learns that Angel has proposition to leave for Brazil, rather than blaming him, she supposes it is her fault and assumes that she ought to write him more often. “He said I could not go to

33、 him, but he didnt say I was not to write as often as I liked. I wont dally like this any longer! I have been very wrong and neglectful in leaving everything to be done by him!” Even when Angel returns from Brazil, exhausted and skinny as he has become, it is obvious that she does not sense any faul

34、t in his appearance. To her, he was perfection. He was still her Angel, her Apollo even; his sickly face was beautiful as the morning to her affectionate regard on this day no less than when she first beheld himBut attributing Tesss tragedy totally to her “flaws” in character without taking her tota

35、l condition into account is undoubtedly unfair and superficial. Any individual can never get free of his or her situation in the world.All women are brought up from the very earliest years in the belief that their ideal of character is the very opposite to that of man; not self-will, and government

36、by self-control, but submission, and yielding to the control of others. All the moralities tell them that it is the duty of women, and all the current sentimentalities that it is their nature ,to live for others; to make complete abnegation of themselves, and to have no life but in their affections.

37、2.2 Angel and AlecAt first sight, Angel is gentle in mind. Tess finds her true love with him and is eager to do anything for him. But born into the family of a provincial parson, Angel is deep-rooted with conventional mores and religious dogmas, and thereby hold double-standard morality and is hypoc

38、ritical to love. Compared with Angel, Alec is portrayed as a negative character throughout the story. He is a satanic character who is always tempting innocent Tess. Tess dislikes Alec because of his selfish and demanding personality. But Alec believes his social status and his financial situation e

39、ntitle him to control and possess Tess. He gives generous offer to help Tess only for his self-serving purpose. Some critics hold that Alec and Angel are the two halves of one person, that is, they two together form a complete person. Alec stands for the masculine sexual desire, whereas Angel stands

40、 for the masculine reason. It is Alecs sexual desire and Angels ruthless reason that plunge Tess into the hard situations.2.2.1 AngelAngel is a mixture of modern thoughts and conventional ideas. On one hand, he is an advanced young man with independent judgment. On the other hand, he is greatly infl

41、uenced by the orthodox education he received in the past.Angel is an idealist and he has spiritualized Tess to a considerable extent before marriage. When he meets Tess for the first time, Angel Clare is attracted by Tesss beauty, He glorifies Tess as “Artemis” and “Demeter”, as “a visionary, essenc

42、e of woman a whole sex condensed into one typical form”. He loves her soul, her heart, and her substance. “Tess seemed to exhibit a dignified largeness both of disposition and physique, an almost regnant power,”He loves her dearly, ideally and fancifully than with passion .He talks of Tess to his pa

43、rents as being “full of poetry actualized poetry, if I may use the expression .She lives what paper-poets only write.” In fact, Angel does not fall in love with the real person of Tess, he is only in love with an image, an ideal pure woman created from his imagination. His love for her is too imagin

44、ative and ethereal to stand any trial from the real life. As a result, after Tesss confession about her past, she turns from the honest, pure, and lovely girl of good report into a “fallen” woman and wanton switch in his mind. The dishonored Tess is no longer a daughter of nature, but a guilty woman

45、 who is good at disguise. He denies forgiveness to this case for it is a question of “principle”. The disillusioned Angel abandons Tess to the abyss of desperation. Actually, it is his incomplete understanding of the physical and spiritual actuality of Tess, and his commitment to a false, airy ideal

46、 that explain his blank incomprehension when faced with actuality .No wonder he can say to the distressed Tess on their wedding night, “The woman I have been loving is not you.” Tess is right when she says, “It is in your own mind what you are angry at, Angel, it is not in me!” Angel is very selfish

47、 in deserting Tess after Tesss confession. He thinks only of his own dilemma; he cant bear to live together with Tess when the man who seduced her is still alive. He even says “I thought any man would have thought that by giving up all ambition to win a wife with social standing, with fortune, with

48、knowledge of the world, I should secure rustic innocence as surely as I should secure pink cheeks ;but However, I am no man to reproach you, and I will not.” He has made up his mind to protect Tess all the life, but now he deserts her mercilessly. Compared with Angel, Tess is honest and true to love and is worthy of respect despite her past with Alec. In a way Angel is cruel