探讨商务英语翻译的标准本科学位论文.doc

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1、中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题 目： 探讨商务英语翻译的标准姓 名 ： 0000000 班级、学号 ： 000000000000 系 (部) ： 经济管理系 专 业 ： 商务英语指导教师 ： 000000 开题时间： 2009-4-10 完成时间： 2009-11-2 2009 年 11 月 2 日20目 录毕业设计任务书1毕业设计成绩评定表2答辩申请书3-4正文5-22答辩委员会表决意见23答辩过程记录表24课 题 探讨商务英语翻译的标准 一、课题(论文)提纲0.引言1.翻译标准2.商务英语翻译3.分析商务英语特点3.1专门词汇3.2简单语法4 .详细探讨商务英语翻译的标准4.1确保

2、正确理解英语原材料4.2 确保中文表达流畅4.3确保翻译质量专业5结论 二、内容摘要翻译是从一种基于源语文本的有意图的、人际间的、部分地通过语言谋介的跨文化互动行为，这一行为的目的是实现信息交流。这篇文章将探讨商务英语的翻译标准。并且商务英语翻译，主要涉及商务英语的特点和商务英语翻译标准的浅析。此外，本文也尝试总结这个领域的主要规则，并给我们推荐商务英语翻译 “三保证”。这“三保证”标准，需要在实践中检验和提高。然而，在商务英语翻译的学习和我们的教学工作中，它还是有参考价值的。三、参考文献1 Nida, EugeneA. Language and Cliture of Translation

3、M. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.2 Nida, EugeneA. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating M.Shanghai Foreign Language Education, 2001.3Reiss, Katharina. Translation Criterion M. Shanghai Foreign Language Education, 20004李运兴. 英汉语篇翻译M. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2000.5刘长婴.浅谈经贸英语的特点及翻译J. 外语与外语

4、教学,20026刘法公.商贸汉英翻译的原则探索J. 中国翻译, 20027李运兴. 英汉语篇翻译M. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2000.8梁婷. 实用英语手册M. 四川: 西南财经大学出版社, 2004.9 张秀丽，经贸英语的特点与翻译J. 外语与外语教学, 2004A Discussion on the Criteria of Business English Translation000000Abstract：Translation is a representation or creation in one language of what is written or said in a

5、nother language, in order to exchange information. This paper will discuss about the criteria of Business English translation. And the translation criteria of Business English are mainly related to Business Englishs features and the slight analysis of standards of Business English translation. Whats

6、 more, this paper tries to sum up the general laws in the field and suggests a “3-guarantee” of the Business English translation to us. The “3-guarantee” criteria need be further test and improved in practice. However，it still is a certain reference valued in the study of the Business English transl

7、ation and in the work of our teaching.Key words: Business English； Translation；Criteria0. IntroductionTranslation is always a hot topic both home and abroad, from ancient time to nowadays. In our history, there are three times of large translation boom. More than 100 years ago, that is when the west

8、 civilization spread into China. Yan Fu, a famous scholar ,put forward his 3-character principle of faithfulness，expressiveness, and elegance. With the development of the global economic, business English translation affects the international trading more and more. When we face the difficulties in c

9、ommunication, we should know the Criteria of Business English translation. Business English translation is a distinctive character differed from others, therefore the translation obeying common statements is not suitable. Business English translation should have its own special criteria. My paper de

10、als with the topic in particular. 1. Translation criteriaThe universal opinion of translation standard is “信, 达, 雅”, which is a translation standard put forward by Yan Fu in the 19th century, has always been a practical rule to the translators. In this standard, “信” means “faithful”(to the original

11、)”. “达”means “expressive” and “雅”means “elegant（words）”Besides, there are Professor Liu Fagong states the principle of business English translation: faithfulness, exactness, and consistency .“Faithfulness”means expressive the original text s information correctly, but the styles and grammar are free

12、. If the business English translation is not faithfulness of the original text, the translation cant achieve purpose and it is not significant.“Faithfulness” in business English translation is free. “Exactness” is center in process of translation. It means translator chooses correct words and explai

13、ns concept accurately, making sure things and their same unit. Numeral and standard of measurement should be accurate when the people talk about the content. Because business English translation refers to trade, contract, insurance, finance and other documents. The content is object and serious. Opp

14、ose translator translating freely and writing obscure content. “Consistency” refers to unit of goods name, conception, terminology at any time. It is important to make sure reader or consumer understand the translation.Command of translation standard and business translations characteristics, univer

15、sal rule of translation is not satisfied with business translation, but offers good suggestion for good business translation.Of course, we should obey the English translation rules when we translate the business English. Without rules, there will be lots of problems at the first step. 2.Translation

16、of Business English In commerce and industry translation, the resultant form in the target language, however, is not determined by the type or kind of text but by the purpose of providing the client with information about an essential context or aspects of it that are of particular interest in a bri

17、ef terse and attractive form. And all sentences depend on presuppositions and where the sentences are obscure or ambiguous. The translator has to determine the presuppositions .Business translations purpose is to make the discussion of business requirement and regulation clearly with target language

18、 and decide whether continue to make business or whether revise the ideas. As we know, business directly refers to both sides commercial benefit, and each sides expects to get large benefit negotiation, contract, and agreement and in the last cooperation trade. At the same time, business document re

19、fers to both sides obligation and rights. Therefore, translators of business text, in the nature of things, must have a good command of the source and target language, and at least an informed laymans comprehension of the subject, and transfuse information.3. Analysis of Business English features Bu

20、siness English, used in national finance, is a particular concept. Precisely to say, it includes General Business English and Particular Business English, the former refers to the books, magazines, news and so on, the latter includes documents, legislation, regulations, letters, special theories and

21、 finances conventions . Thus Business English, such as business letters, agreements, contracts, advertisements, documents and Business speech, belongs to the category of practical writings.3.1 Special vocabularyThe complex business English is used all over the world and used more universally nowaday

22、s, in order to make it easier, more convenient and save time, there has formulated series of commercial terms , and the examples are listed: CIF(cost, insurance and freight)means “到岸价”, being price terminology CA(current account)being accounting term, means “往来账户” CPIC（consumer price index）being tra

23、de term, means “消费品价格指数”OC(outward collection )being Marketing term, means “国内生产品质”In spite of terminology, many words have special meaning in business English, different meaning from General English, such as “against” in the sentence, which means “反对, 靠着”. In General English, while it has other mea

24、nings in business English: payment is made against sight draft under a confirm irrevocable LC, “against” here means “凭”. “The rate of Hongkong Dollar against U.S Dollar is appreciating,” “against” here means “兑换”. There is another example “Against the invoiced weight the consignment was found short

25、of 1500kgs”. “Against” means “与相比”. Moreover, another feature of business English words is function shift, such as “forward” which is adverb, but it changes grammar meaning in business English, exchanging into verb.For example, “Stays” as a noun in Business English means “束腰”, but it is a verb in Ge

26、neral English, and it means “停留”.3.2 Simple grammarsLinguist recognizes that words are related with writing closely. Business English is pragmatic writing, the content and reader has clear direction, in order to make reader clear at a glance, there is no doubt practical writing must be simple and di

27、rect and well organized and writing is formal, opposing gild over and unrestrained freedom . Therefore, no matter whether business letters draw up business documents or business negotiation are so, words should be correct and proper, concise and explicit. As a result, there has formed Business Engli

28、sh writing style, despite concise words, grammars are also simple.Firstly, shorter sentences and less long sentences are necessary.Succinct sentences relate to accounts of words and concise languages. In Business, in spite of contracts sentences, others, such as business letter, business document, c

29、ompose of short sentences which make up of average words 10 to 20, less than 30. Take examples as following: We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for 20 days and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by fax without delay

30、.我们很想知道你们是否容许我们将交货时间延期20天 The sentence composes of 42 words. It is too polite and too tediously long. Besides, “to extend the time of shipment for 20 days” express ambiguously.There is no doubt the sentence can be concise as follow:Please reply by fax immediately if you will allow us to delay the sh

31、ipment until April 21.如同我方把缴获时间延期至4月21日, 请速回复.There are only 21 words, using restrained words to transfuse function information, concisely and clearly.Secondly, simple, unadorned and natural language is important.Language concise, including simple, unadorned and natural language, can avoid obsolete

32、commercial jargons, and express simply with modern English.For example,“We have received” replaces “we are in receipt of ”兹收到“Thank you for ” substitutes for “we leg to acknowledge”致谢 “pleased to tell you ”takes the place of “this is to inform you of 兹同志贵方Compared with two sentences below:Please be

33、advised that we have received your invoice NO, 248.兹通知贵方, 248号发票已收到.Your invoice NO, 248has been received贵方248号发票已收到. Obviously, modern business English is more simple and natural, and comprehended easier than old-fashioned business English.Business translation is more than just a business. It is al

34、so an analytical process of selection and adaptation decision-making process where various economic, cultural and linguistic variables come into play. Apart of this, Business translation is also a site of language change and innovation in cases where the information transfer is towards countries tha

35、t are not familiar with it, or are only beginning of familiarizes themselves with new economic realities. Therefore, business translation should be showing no difference from source language. But translating depends on source language feature. Business English, formal writing, vermiform styles, many

36、 specialized words and simple grammar decide translations process, which is not complex and not easy. Because of formal writing, target language should be complete. Special words in Business English increase difficult for source language text, familiar with special words, or else, the translation wi

37、ll lose the function of it.4.Specific Discussions of business English translation CriteriaBecause business English becomes more and more important in present trade, many business people eager to find the special rules of business English translation. According to the opinion of Yanfu about the trans

38、lation, I try to sum up the general laws in the field and suggest a “3-guarantee” of the Business English translation to us. They are as follows.4.1 To Guarantee the Correct Understanding in English materialsTranslating correctly means target language text transmit information .That is to say, origi

39、nal language text is the same .In business trading, document is the basis for both sides obligation and rights. So translators should comprehend source text well, without any mistaken, to maintain source text and target language text agreeable and make sure the target language text represents inform

40、ation as the original text. Especially key words should be appropriate, and avoid shortening or widening . In fact, according to expert study, more errors in translation are made because of failure to comprehend the source text than for any other reasons. With difficulty of special vocabulary in tra

41、nslation, semantic comprehension and grammar analysis are the two important tasks to the translator. The translator has to take up first and deal with properly in the process of translation. Accuracy in semantic comprehension makes a translation accurate while correctness in grammar analysis renders

42、 a translation coherent.For example,The corporate charter authorizes the corporation to issue and shell shares of stock, or transfer the ownership, to enable the corporation to raise money公司营业执照授权发行和销售股票, 认购公司的所有权为公司筹措资金But “corporate charter” here means “公司章程”rather than “营业执照”.therefore ,the corre

43、ct translation in Chinese is:公司章程授权公司发行和销售股票, 转让公司所有权, 以便为公司筹措资金.We hereby request you to issue a letter of Guarantee as bid bond in accordance with the column shown below.我们要求按照下面所示项目开一份保涵作为投标票据.But “bond” here means “投标保证”rather than “投标票据”correct translation is this : 特此要求你们按照下面所示项目出具，一份保涵作为投标保证.

44、Analysis of examples, we know that business translation is complex, and comprehension is the first step to translate.4.2 To Guarantee the Smooth Expression in ChineseFluent means target language is smooth and natural, and words are accurate and sentences obey grammar rules, and the content is clear,

45、 belonging to the counting culture and languages character. Linguistic communication always appears in textual form. Text is a carrier to transmit information. To translate, beginning with original text analysis, is to transmit information and form target language. Generally speaking, business docum

46、ent has directive function, the purpose of writing is to set out attractive information and get elocutionary force . In order to bring about the function, the criteria text should be acceptable so that reader make behavior to make function of business document, we should focus on main idea, coherenc

47、e, uniformed target languages rules and usages habit when we translate business documents or instruments” Ai Yunxing says, therefore, business translation should be fluent so that it does not like a translation.4.3 To Guarantee the Quality of the Translation in ProfessionBusiness translation should choose accurate words to be faithful to the original, achieving translations function, because Business is related with commerces rights, benefits and bus