本科毕业设计---驾照新规下查处代扣分行为的执法困境与对策研究.doc
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1、驾照新规下查处代扣分行为的执法困境与对策研究以东莞市为例摘 要代扣分现象已成为当前一个日益突出的社会问题,受新交规实施的影响,更是成为媒体关注的热门焦点。代扣分行为是指通过用他人驾驶证里的剩余分数项替实际违法人处理一般需记分的交通违法的行为,其主观目的是使违法当事人即买分人躲避驾照被记满分后而带来的严重后果,如影响出行或耽误工作。代扣分行为主要存在于那些通过道路监控设备查处的非现场执法的交通违法行为之中,对买分人来说,由于图片不够清晰,违法人当事人难以辨别,交警取证和查证难等客观因素及窗口警员对代扣分行为警觉性不高,监管不严,造成买分人被查处的机率很少;对中介商来说,倒卖驾照分数利润空间巨大,
2、需求大且易操作;对卖分人来说,由于法律意识淡薄和有利可图,即使被发现,也不会承受过重的违法风险,致使违法成本过低,于是代扣分现象时有发生,屡禁不绝。对违法当事人进行累计记分管理,是国家为维护良好的交通管理秩序和道路公共安全而追究当事人法律责任的一种除罚款外的手段,很显然这里的处罚对象只能是特定的当事人,而不能是随意的其他人。而代扣分行为却不能使真正的违法当事人得到应有的处罚,违背了道路交通安全法累计记分管理制度的目的,若不加以遏制此种社会风气,势必会纵容更多的交通违法,从而影响新交规的实施效果,并会给社会带来严重的交通安全隐患。本文采用问卷调查法、访谈研究法、文献研究法、案例(个案)分析法 等
3、研究方法,通过环境分析、过程分析和利益分析三个角度去调查研究东莞市代扣分的情况,重点研究谁在买分?谁在卖分?谁在做中介?三大疑问,并根据该地区代扣分行为的群体特点和交易流程特点,深入透彻地分析产生问题的根本原因及影响因素。最后,从客观的法制环境、取证核查的执法过程和各交易群体的利益三方面入手,针对当前代扣分行为的问题现状,提出应对现阶段代扣分行为的几点建议,首先是利用法律法规的震慑和管控作用,构建有效的代扣分思想预防和干预引导机制,营造良好的法制软环境,通过震慑、管控、奖励、告知四方面进行引导,即通过明确打击代扣分行为的适用法律,确保有法可依,在法律上有效震慑代扣分行为;通过将记分纳入征信系统
4、,增加代扣分行为的违法成本,在管理规定上管控代扣分行为;通过无记分奖励驾驶人,引导其自觉抵制代扣分行为。其次是优化取证意识和规范执法行为,从取证源头、违法告知和认罚核实三个环节上减少和消灭违法代扣分的操作空间。最后是源头上切断利益链,深挖交易群体,从交易中各个交易主体包括买分者、卖分人、中介商入手深挖利益链(环节),在交易的环节和管理的环节加以管控,从点到线,加强对代扣分行为的群体及存在环境监管,有效遏制代扣分行为的发生,维护社会正常的交通管理秩序。关键字:驾照新规,非现场执法,代扣分行为,执法困境ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of trading in traffic-vio
5、lation points has been a day by day prominent social issues presently, and it also become the hot focal point of media. Trading in traffic-violation points refers to an action that the actual offender replace the points caused by a traffic offence with the remaining points of the drivers license of
6、others, the subjective purpose of this action is helping the party of illegal act to avoid the sever consequences brought by the full points of license, for example, effecting travel or work. The actions of trading in traffic-violation points were mainly found in the traffic offence which are not on
7、-the-spot law enforcement but were invested and punished by road monitoring equipment. For the buyer of points, the probability that they were invested and punished is very small because of some factors such as unclear picture which due to that the policemen can not distinguish the party and can not
8、 finish the evidence and investigation easily, lacking of enough vigilance of the action of trading in traffic-violation points for the policemen of window and not strict supervision; for the middlemen, reselling the points of drivers license have big profit space and big demands of market, and it i
9、s too easy to be operated; for the seller of the points of drivers license, the phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points frequently occur just because of some aspects of reasons such as lacking of legal awareness, profit and the low cost of breaking the law brought by the low risk of breaki
10、ng the law.The cumulative points management to the party of illegal act is an mean besides fines to pursue the legal responsibility of the party which was implemented by country in order to keep the traffic management order and road public security good, it is clear that the marked man must be the s
11、pecial party of illegal act but not the informal others. The phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points go against the aim of the management system of the cumulative points of Road Traffic Safety Law because that it let the actual party of illegal act can not get the right punishment, if we c
12、an not control this social values, more traffic offence will occur, then effect the implementation effect and bring sever potential safety hazard to our society.This paper investigate and study the situations of trading in traffic-violation points in Dongguan by many research methods such as means o
13、f sampling, interview research method, literature research method and case study method according to three points of view of environmental analysis, process analysis and benefit analysis. The important points of this study is three questions, i.e who is the buyer of points, who is the seller of poin
14、ts and who is the middlemen, and then this paper make an in-depth analysis on the fundamental reasons and factors according to the group characteristics and the characteristic of transaction of the the phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points in the region. Finally, this paper put forward s
15、ome ideas in connection with the present problem and status of the phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points according to the three points of view of the objective legal environment, the law enforcement procedures of evidence and inspection and the profit of all bargaining colony. Firstly, w
16、e should build a efficacious mechanism of prevention and interposition guiding of the idea of trading in traffic-violation points by the effects of determent and control of laws and regulations in order to make a good soft environment of legal system. We should guide the idea of people according to
17、the four aspects, i e, determent, control, rewards and information, in other words, creating the right laws which was used to attack the phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points in order to have laws for law enforcement and deter the phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points effecti
18、vely; increasing the cost of breaking the law in order to control the phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points with the regulations of management by bringing points in the credit system; rewarding the drives who have no points caused by a traffic offence in order to guide them to stick up t
19、he phenomenon of trading in traffic-violation points by themselves. Secondly, we should optimize the awareness of evidence and standardize the action of law enforcement in order to reduce and eliminate the operating space of trading in traffic-violation points from the the three links of the source
20、of evidence, the information of offence and confession verification. Lastly, we should source the bargaining colony from all the transaction participants consist of the buyer of points, the seller of points and the middlemen in order to cut the benefits chain, and we should control the occurrence of
21、 trading in traffic-violation points in order to keep the traffic management order normal from some aspects such as managing and controlling the bargain link and the management link from point to line and strengthening the supervision to the group and the existing circumstances of the phenomenon of
22、trading in traffic-violation points.Key words:new traffic regulations,off-site enforcement,trading in traffic-violation points,enforcement difficulties,countermeasures目 录摘 要IABSTRACTIII目 录VI第1章 绪论11.1 研究背景11.2 研究目的和意义21.3 主要文献综述31.4 研究方法61.5 研究思路和框架7第2章 驾照新规下东莞市查处代扣分行为的执法困境92.1 东莞市代扣分行为的出现及发展92.1.1
23、代扣分行为的出现92.1.2 互联网的普及推动跨地区交易112.1.3 电子警察的推广刺激分值需求122.1.4 利益和需求驱动爆发式发展132.2 驾照新规对代扣分行为的影响132.2.1 对需求的影响142.2.2 对供给的影响172.3 东莞市查处代扣分行为存在的执法问题192.3.1 执法的法律依据模糊212.3.2 执法的直接证据缺失212.3.3 执法过程松散查证难21第3章 代扣分行为查处难的原因分析233.1 基于代扣分的客观法律制度环境分析233.1.1 查处代扣分的适用法律不明确233.1.2 违法成本过低难抵利益诱惑243.1.3 记分制度不完善致边际递减效应253.2
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