上海市2015年中考数学试卷(解析版)(常用版).doc

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1、上海市2015年中考数学试卷(解析版)（常用版）(可以直接使用，可编辑 完整版资料，欢迎下载）2021上海市初中毕业统一学业考试数学试卷解析版一、选择题：(每题4分，共24分)1、下列实数中，是有理数的为（ ）A、； B、； C、； D、0【答案】D【解析】整数或有限小数是有理数，无限不循环小数为无理数，故选D。2、当a0时，下列关于幂的运算正确的是（ ）A、a01； B、a1a； C、(a)2a2； D、【答案】A.【解析】除了0以外，任何数的0次都等于1，因为a0，所以，a013、下列y关于x的函数中，是正比例函数的为（ ）A、yx2； B、y； C、y； D、y【答案】C【解析】，是正比

2、例函数，选C。4、如果一个正多边形的中心角为72，那么这个正多边形的边数是（ ）A、4； B、5； C、6； D、7【答案】B.【解析】边数为5。5、下列各统计量中，表示一组数据波动程度的量是（ ）A、平均数； B、众数； C、方差； D、频率【答案】C【解析】方差反应数据波动程度，方差大，波动大，方差小，波动小，稳定。6、如图，已知在O中，AB是弦，半径OCAB，垂足为点D，要使四边形OACB为菱形，还需要添加一个条件，这个条件可以是（ ）A、ADBD； B、ODCD；C、CADCBD； D、OCAOCB【答案】B【解析】因OCAB，由垂径定理，知ADBD，若ODCD，则对角线互相垂直且平分

3、，所以，OACB为菱形。二、填空题：(每题4分，共48分)7、计算：_【答案】4.【解析】考查绝对值的定义。原式224。8、方程的解是_【答案】x=2【解析】两边平方，得：3x24，解得：x29、如果分式有意义，那么x的取值范围是_【答案】【解析】由x30，即10、如果关于x的一元二次方程x24xm0没有实数根，那么m的取值范围是_【答案】【解析】11、同一温度的华氏度数y()与摄氏度数x()之间的函数关系是yx32如果某一温度的摄氏度数是25，那么它的华氏度数是_【答案】77【解析】12、如果将抛物线yx22x1向上平移，使它经过点A(0，3)，那么所得新抛物线的表达式是_【答案】【解析】抛

4、物线方程配方，得：y（x1）22，向上平移，得：y（x1）2c，经过点A（0,3），则：31c，c=2，所以，新抛物线的表达式是：y（x1）22x22x3。13、某校学生会提倡双休日到养老院参加服务活动，首次活动需要7位同学参加，现有包括小杰在内的50位同学报名，因此学生会将从这50位同学中随机抽取7位，小杰被抽到参加首次活动的概率是_【答案】0.14.【解析】14、已知某校学生“科技创新社团”成员的年龄与人数情况如下表所示：年龄(岁)1112131415人数55161512那么“科技创新社团”成员年龄的中位数是_岁【答案】14【解析】共有53人，由小到大排列，中位数是第27个，故填14。15

5、、如图，已知在ABC中，D、E分别是边AB、边AC的中点，那么向量用向量、表示为_【答案】【解析】因为，因为DE为中位线，所以，16、已知E是正方形ABCD的对角线AC上一点，AEAD，过点E作AC的垂线，交边CD于点F，那么FAD_度【答案】22.5.【解析】17、在矩形ABCD中，AB5，BC12，点A在B上如果D与B相交，且点B在D内，那么D的半径长可以等于_(只需写出一个符合要求的数)【答案】15【解析】18、已知在ABC中，ABAC8，BAC30将ABC绕点A旋转，使点B落在原ABC的点C处，此时点C落在点D处延长线段AD，交原ABC的边BC的延长线于点E，那么线段DE的长等于_【答

6、案】【解析】三、解答题19、(本题满分10分)先化简，再求值：，其中【解析】20、(本题满分10分)解不等式组：，并把解集在数轴上表示出来【解析】21、(本题满分10分，第(1)小题满分4分，第(2)小题满分6分)已知：如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy中，正比例函数yx的图像经过点A，点A的纵坐标为4，反比例函数y的图像也经过点A，第一象限内的点B在这个反比例函数的图像上，过点B作BCx轴，交y轴于点C，且ACAB求：(1)这个反比例函数的解析式； (2)直线AB的表达式【解析】22、(本题满分10分，第(1)小题满分4分，第(2)小题满分6分)如图，MN表示一段笔直的高架道路，线段AB表示高架道

7、路旁的一排居民楼已知点A到MN的距离为15米，BA的延长线与MN相交于点D，且BDN30，假设汽车在高速道路上行驶时，周围39米以内会受到噪音的影响(1)过点A作MN的垂线，垂足为点H如果汽车沿着从M到N的方向在MN上行驶，当汽车到达点P处时，噪音开始影响这一排的居民楼，那么此时汽车与点H的距离为多少米？ (2)降低噪音的一种方法是在高架道路旁安装隔音板当汽车行驶到点Q时，它与这一排居民楼的距离QC为39米，那么对于这一排居民楼，高架道路旁安装的隔音板至少需要多少米长？(精确到1米) (参考数据：1.7)【解析】23、(本题满分12分，每小题满分各6分)已知：如图，平行四边形ABCD的对角线相

8、交于点O，点E在边BC的延长线上，且OEOB，联结DE(1)求证：DEBE； (2)如果OECD，求证：BDCECDDE【解析】24、(本题满分12分，每小题满分各4分)已知在平面直角坐标系xOy中(如图)，抛物线yax24与x轴的负半轴相交于点A，与y轴相交于点B，AB2点P在抛物线上，线段AP与y轴的正半轴交于点C，线段BP与x轴相交于点D设点P的横坐标为m(1)求这条抛物线的解析式；(2)用含m的代数式表示线段CO的长；(3)当tanODC时，求PAD的正弦值【解析】25、(本题满分14分，第(1)小题满分4分，第(2)小题满分5分，第(3)小题满分5分)已知：如图，AB是半圆O的直径，

9、弦CDAB，动点P、Q分别在线段OC、CD上，且DQOP，AP的延长线与射线OQ相交于点E、与弦CD相交于点F(点F与点C、D不重合)，AB20，cosAOC设OPx，CPF的面积为y(1)求证：APOQ；(2)求y关于x的函数关系式，并写出它的定义域；(3)当OPE是直角三角形时，求线段OP的长【解析】（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation o

10、f comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and

11、 Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two part

12、y rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations mod

13、ified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres h

14、onest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2021 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which refle

15、cts the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit

16、of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgatio

17、n and implementation of January 2021, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibitio

18、n, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulati

19、ons repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to

20、 strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and othe

21、r countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline

22、 for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party membe

23、rs and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of

24、 the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2021 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee o

25、f the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (ar

26、ea) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved

27、 by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2021, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of th

28、e Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 an

29、d October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amen

30、dment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secre

31、tary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the pa

32、rty constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party const

33、itution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2021 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general

34、rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rul

35、es the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent trad

36、itional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method

37、 separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline req

38、uirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly

39、 defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated posit

40、ion, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, th

41、e leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requiremen

42、ts. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party member

43、s, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than

44、 the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the par

45、ty and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main co