初中英语八种时态归纳表格汇编(完整版)资料.doc
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1、初中英语八种时态归纳表格汇编(完整版)资料(可以直接使用,可编辑 优秀版资料,欢迎下载)初中英语八种时态归纳时态意义时间状语结构及变化一般现在时经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。always, usually,often , sometimes,every week(day, year , month),Once a week,On Sundaysbe动词:肯定:主语+ be(am/ is /are )+ 其他否定:主语+ am/is/are + not + 其他问:Be (am/ is are )+ 主语 + 其他?答:Yes be ./ No ,be not .特殊:Wh + B
2、e 的疑问句?行为动词:肯定:主语+ do(does) + 其他否定:主语 + dont / doesnt + 动原问句:Do /Does + 主语 + 动原?答:Yesdo/does ./ No, dontdoesnt.特殊:Wh + do /does 的疑问句?一般过去时过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。ago, yesterday,long long ago ,the daybefore yesterday,last week(year, night ,month),in1989, just now ,at the age of 5, one day,onc
3、e upon a time,be动词:肯定:主语+ (was /were)+ 其他否定:主语+ wasnt/were not + 其他问:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?答:Yes be ./ No ,be not .特殊:Wh + was/ were的疑问句?行为动词:肯定:主语+ 动词过去式 + 其他否定:主语 + did + 动原问句:Did + 主语 + 动原?答:Yesdid. / No, didnt.特殊:Wh +did的疑问句?一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。tomorrow, by, next day(week, month , year
4、),soon, in a few minutes ,the day after tomorrow基本结构 be going to + 动原 肯定:主语+am/is/are/going to + do;否:主语+ am /is /are + not going to do问:Be + 主语 +going to do?答:Yes be ./ No ,be not特殊:Wh+ Be主语 going to do的疑问句?will/shall +do .肯定:主语+will /shall + 动词原形否定:主语+will not (wont) + 动词原形问句: Will /Shall主语+ 动词原形
5、?答句:Yes will . / No ,wont .特殊:Wh +will的疑问句?现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。now, look , listenat this time ,these days ,基本结构:肯定:主语am/is/are +doing否定:主语am/is/are+ not + doing.问: am/is/are主语 +doing ?答:Yes be ./ No ,be not特殊:Wh+ Be主语 + 疑问句?过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作At this time yesterday,at that time ,或wh
6、en引导的一般过去时的时间状语基本结构:肯定:主语was /were +doing否定:主语was /were not + doing.问:Was /Were主语 +doing ?答:Yes was/ were ./ No ,was /were not特殊:Wh+ Be主语 + 疑问句?现在完成时过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。recently,lately,since+ 时间点for+ 时间段。=(since + 时间点ago)in the past few years,基本结构:肯定:主语+ have/has+ done(动词的过去
7、分词)否定:主语have/has+ not+ done. (动词的过去分词)问句:主语+have/ has + done(动词的过去分词)?答:Yes have /has ./ No ,have/has not .特殊:Wh+ have/has主语 + 疑问句?注意:当与一段时间连用时,动词要改为延续性动词。have bought =have been hadhave borrow = have kept have died = have been dead have been to :have gone to :have been in :过去完成时以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或
8、行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”before,by the end of last year (term,month);过去时态的从句基本结构:肯定:主语+ had + done(动词的过去分词)否定:主语had not+ done.(动词的过去分词)问句:主语+ had + done(动词的过去分词)?答:Yes had./ No ,had not .特殊:Wh+had 主语 + 疑问句?过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中The next day (morning,year), the following month (week)基本结构:肯定:
9、主语+ was/were going to + do;否:主语+ was/were+ not going to do问:Be + 主语 +going to do?答:Yes be ./ No ,be not特殊:Wh+ Be主语 going to do的疑问句?would +do .肯定:主语+ would + 动词原形否定:主语+ would not (wouldnt) + 动词原形问句:Would 主语+ 动词原形 ?答句:Yes would. / No ,wouldnt .特殊:Wh +would 的疑问句?初中英语句子成分分析与讲解英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成
10、的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。请同学们认真阅读下面的问答,我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?【答】1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:The car is running fast.(名词)We are
11、 students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如
12、:He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go ho
13、me.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如:He bought me a book.Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如:Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间
14、宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:Do you mind my opening the window?有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如:Dont forget
15、 to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:What a beautiful
16、kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:Thank you very m
17、uch.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:He is old enough to go to school.6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,
18、smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,se
19、e,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)英语句子成分结构详解一、英语语句基本结构分析:(一)主谓宾结构:1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy
20、),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Two and two is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,eg:We come. Many changes took plac
21、e in my home town.注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等)3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。 eg:I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.(二)主系表结构:1、主语:同主谓宾结
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