大学毕业设计---闸址选择.doc
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1、河北工程大学毕业设计(论文)摘 要根据南水北调引黄济卫规划,本闸建成后出闸水流将直接进入天然沉沙池,并可抬高池水位,增加库容延长寿命。为此,要求根据水闸的功能,特点和运用要求,综合考虑地形、地质、水流、潮汐、泥沙、冻土、冰情、施工、管理、周围环境等因素,经技术经济比较后选定。闸址选择是水闸规范设计中的一项重要工作,闸址合适与否,不仅涉及到水闸建设的成败,并且关系到整个地区的经济发展,因此对闸址选择的工作应十分重视。确定水闸闸址时应考虑的几个因素: 1)地基条件是影水闸总体布置的主要因素之一,应尽可能选择土质密实、均匀、压缩性较小和承载能力较大的良好地基。2)水流条件是另一主要因素,闸的位置应使
2、进闸和出闸水流平顺,防止上下游产生有害的冲刷和淤积。 3)施工、管理条件也是闸址选择时要考虑的一个因素。要求有足够宽广的施工场地,并且尽可能使土方工程量最小。当水闸是整个枢纽的一个组成部分时,应就枢纽工程总体布置做方案比较,得出水闸最优位置,以达到技术上先进与经济上合理的要求。水力计算是水闸设计工作中最基本的工作,通过它根据水闸进出型式及设计过水流量可确定闸孔总净宽。并确定出适宜孔数,还应根据设计水位情况下,闸门在不同开启度时的泄流能力与对消能设备的尺寸要适应,总之,闸的水力计算在很大程度上决定着水闸的规模。防渗设计通过对闸基的有关渗透计算,应确定出水闸下层建筑物的合理地下轮廓及经济尺寸,验算
3、闸室的稳定性。渗流计算宜采用上下游最大水位差,先按直线比例法拟定出其初步地下轮廓与尺寸。待闸室上下层建筑物设计趋于定型后,再用阻力系数法比较精确计算。水闸的结构计算主要集中在闸室设计工作中。为此,首先要确定闸室的结构组成与布置方案。而后根据使用要求、经验数据初步拟定出它们的主要尺寸。第三步再对各组成结构一一予以结构计算以验证各承载部件的强度、稳定性及刚度是否满足设计要求,对各种结构进行结构计算之前,都要慎重确定出其荷载及可能的组合情况。关键词:闸址选择,水力计算,防渗计算,结构计算11ABSTRACTThe abstract causes Huang Ji Wei to plan accord
4、ing to South-to-North water diversion , brake establishes the day after tomorrow putting up brake streams will enter the natural settling basin directly , the storage capacity , increasing by prolongs may raise pool water level together life-span. The factor , the classics technology economical comp
5、arison queen for this purpose, demanding the function , characteristic according to the sluice and wielding demanding landform , geology , streams , morning and evening tides , silt , frozen ground , ice feeling , construction Management, environment, considering synthetically and so on are selected
6、.Irrigation works secretly scheme against, that the dam site structureis calculated chooses is that the sluice norm to one important job , brake location in designing that are right or not, not only deal with the success or failure that the sluice builds, and the economic growth being related to ent
7、ire area , the job that location chooses therefore to brake should take seriously very.When brake location should ascertain sluice brake location, responding to several factor 1) foundation condition thinking is that one of arrangement major factor affecting sluice population should choose soil prop
8、erty as far as possible closely knit , homogeneous. Compressibility prepares bigger fine load support capability foundation less. That condition is that the another major factor brake location responds to makes 2) streams receive brake and out brake streams smooth-going , having prevented from, lowe
9、r reaches produces harmful outwash and silting-up. And that3) construction management, condition is also that one factor needing to think demands to have sufficient extensive construction sites when brake location chooses, makes cubic metre of earth project amounts minimal as far as possible. Think
10、that the sluice is that multi-purpose project population arrangement does scheme comparison as soon as entire key positions responding to when the ingredient, reach optimum location of sluice, to advanced and to demand rationally on economy on reaching a technology.The hydraulic computation has been
11、 that the sluice designs the most fundamental middle job working , has passed in and out of a pattern and had designed rate of flow by the fact that he is based on a sluice, may ascertain general brake hole clear width. 2河北工程大学毕业设计(论文)And ascertain out the proper hole number, the stream ability and
12、the dimension canceling out each other energy equipment are needing a sluice gate in leaking time different open , the brake hydraulic computation is deciding the sluice scale in short ,to a great extent under responding to according to the condition designing water level.Irrigation works is calcula
13、ted (defending against design oozing) , should ascertain out sluice lower levels building reasonableness underground outline and economy dimension by the fact that relevant to brake base penetration secretly schemes against, checking calculation brake room stability. The maximal water level transfus
14、ion is calculated ought to have adopted lower reaches is bad , proportion law designs out whose first step underground outline and dimension first according to the straight line. After tier of building design tends to finalization of design high and low brake room, use resistance modulus to follow p
15、arallel precise secretly scheme against again.The sluice structure calculates the middle designing a job mainly all together in brake room. The structure needing to ascertain the brake room for this purpose , first is composed of , the scheme uses a dimension to require that the experience data firs
16、t step designs out their main part later in the light of with arrangement. Third steps are composed of structure again to every giving structure if intensity, stability and stiffness secretly scheming against to verify every bearing the weight of a component satisfy design demand one by one, are mor
17、e prudent than ascertaining out whose load and possible combination condition before the structure being in progress to various structure secretly schemes against.Keywords: Brake location chooses , the hydraulic computation ,Irrigation works calculation, The sluice structure calculation目 录摘要1ABSTRAC
18、T2第一章 总论41.1基本资料41.1.1概述41.1.2工程规模与主要设计指标41.1.3工程地质41.1.4设计数据81.1.5拟建闸址上下游渠道基本资料81.1.6闸址交通条件及要求81.2 工程简介9第二章 枢纽布置112.1概论112.1.1确定水闸闸址时应考虑的几个因素112.1.2闸室结构的选型布置112.1.3消能防冲布置122.1.4防渗排水布置122.1.5两岸连接布置132.2 水闸的水力计算132.2.2闸孔设计的计算原则132.2.2确定闸孔净宽132.2.3分孔142.2.4闸孔总宽度的确定142.2.5闸墩的型式152.2.6验算过水能力162.2.7校核非常过
19、水能力16第三章 消能防冲设计163.1消能防冲的论述163.1.1闸门控制运用方式应满足的要求173.1.2消能方式173.1.3消能设计183.1.4消力池设计183.1.5.消力池深度的确定183.1.6消力池长度的确定223.1.7消力池底板厚度的确定233.1.8尾槛高度的确定233.2海漫设计253.2.1海漫长度的确定253.2.2海漫的材料、构造与布置273.3防冲槽设计273.3.1防冲槽尺寸的确定27第四章 水闸的防渗排水设计294.1防渗排水设计294.1.1防渗排水的主要任务294.1.2渗流对闸身的影响主要为294.1.3防渗排水的设计要求与控制标准294.2防渗排水
20、设施布置304.2.1铺盖的尺寸314.2.2底板的尺寸314.2.3闸基防渗长度324.2.4排水设施334.3 渗透计算33第五章 闸室的结构布置355.1水闸闸室的结构布置355.1.1底板形式及尺寸355.1.2闸墩尺寸365.1.3工作桥375.1.4交通桥385.1.5胸墙395.1.6分缝与止水40第六章 闸室的稳定分析426.1作用于闸室上的荷载和组合426.2.地基应力验算456.3抗滑稳定验算49第七章 闸室的结构计算517.1 闸底板设计517.1.1闸底板下的应力计算(倒置梁法)517.1.2水重及底板自重、扬压力的计算517.1.3作用在梁上的计算荷载的计算517.1
21、.4此属于三跨梁517.1.5底板配筋的计算527.2 闸墩的设计527.2.1闸墩底面的正应力计算537.2.2边墩墩底的主拉应力的计算557.2.3闸墩配筋567.3 两岸连接建筑物567.3.1闸室与两岸连接577.3.2 闸室与上下游连接587.3.3平面布置型式59谢辞60参考文献61第一章 总论1.1基本资料1.1.1概述 张菜园引黄防洪闸是人民胜利渠上的一座穿堤闸。原有老闸位于武陡县境内黄河北大堤86+500号桩处。该闸修建于日伪时期,质量低劣,损坏严重,目前已经不能满足防洪要求。根据南水北调引黄济卫规划,本闸建成后出闸水流将直接进入天然沉沙池,并可抬高池水位,增加库容延长寿命。
22、为此,要求新建闸的闸轴线设在老闸以东,大堤公里桩号86+660处。两闸建筑物外缘间距60m。经地质钻探结果,地基土质可以满足建闸要求。1.1.2工程规模与主要设计指标根据泄流特点和运行要求,可选用开敞式、胸墙式、涵洞式或双层式等结构。根据黄委关于黄河设计的要求,凡是在临黄河堤上的涵闸工程均属于一级建筑物。故本闸应按一级建筑物设计。(1)设计与校核流量:根据引黄济卫规划,黄委会对重建张菜园闸的批复确定:设计流量100,校核流量=130。(2)上下游正常水位:根据南水北调设计组提供的资料,按现有干渠渠道断面考虑,通过100流量时,闸前渠道水深为2.65m,相应闸前水位为90.87m,闸后渠道水深为
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