广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试理科综合化学试题解析-教师版(完整版).doc

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1、广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试理科综合化学试题解析 教师版（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑 欢迎下载）本试卷共12页，36小题，满分300分。考试用时150分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。用黑色字迹的钢笔或签 _ 字笔将自己所在的市、县/区、学校以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑； 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或

2、签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区 域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用 铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。5.本卷用到的相对原子质量为：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Fe-56一、单项选择题：本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项符合题目要求，选对的得4分，选错或不答的得0分。7下列实验能达到实验目的的是A用乙醇萃取碘水中的碘B用饱和NaHCO3溶液除去CO2中的HClC用Ba(NO3)2溶液鉴别SO32和SO42D用淀粉

3、KI溶液鉴别FeCl3溶液和溴水8下列说法正确的是A溴乙烷和甲醇都能发生消去反应B乙烯和苯都能与酸性KMnO4溶液发生反应C糖类和蛋白质都是人体需要的营养物质D纤维素和油脂的水解产物都是葡萄糖9设nA为阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是A常温下，18gH2O中含有2nA个氢原子B标准状况下，22.4L苯含有nA个苯分子C1mol Na与足量水反应转移2nA个电子D0.1 molL1CH3COOH溶液中含有0.1nA个CH3COO【答案】A10下列物质的制取，实验操作正确的是A将CuCl2溶液置于蒸发皿中加热蒸干，可制取无水CuCl2固体B将NH4HCO3饱和溶液置于蒸发皿中加热蒸干，可制取

4、NH4HCO3固体C向FeCl3饱和溶液缓慢滴入过量氨水加热，可制取Fe(OH)3胶体D向电石中缓慢滴入饱和食盐水，可制取C2H211下列离子方程式正确的是A铝溶于NaOH溶液：Al+2OH=AlO2+H2B铜溶于稀硝酸：3Cu+ 8H+ +2NO3=3Cu2+ +2NO + 4H2OC碳酸镁中滴加稀盐酸：CO32+2H+ =CO2 + H2OD稀硫酸中滴加氢氧化钡溶液：H+OH=H2O12短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁、戊的原子序数依次增大，甲是周期表中原子半径最小的元素，乙形成的气态氢化物的水溶液呈碱性，乙与丁同族，丙、丁、戊同周期，丙单质可 制成半导体材料，戊的最高化合价为+7，则A原子半径：

5、乙丁丙B非金属性：丙丁戊C甲与戊形成的化合物是共价化合物D乙、丙、丁最高价氧化物对应的水化物均是强酸二、双项选择题：本大题共2小题，每小题6分，共12分。在每小题给出的四个选项中， 有两个选项符合题目要求，全部选对的得6分，只选1个且正确的得3分，有选错或 不答的得0分。22HA为酸性略强于醋酸的一元弱酸，则下列叙述正确的是A0. 1 molL1 HA 中c(H+)= c(OH)+ c(A)B0. 1 molL1 HA 与 0. 1 molL1NaOH 混合至溶液呈中性：c(Na+)= c(A)C0. 1 molL1 NaA 中c(Na+) c(OH)c(A) c(H+)D0. 1 molL1

6、 HA中加入少量NaA固体，HA的电离常数减小【答案】AB23下列实验现象预测正确的是A实验I：电流表A指针偏转，碳棒上有红色固体析出 B实验II：电流表A指针偏转，铁极上有无色气体产生C实验III：碳棒上有无色气体产生，铁极上有黄绿色气体产生D实验IV：粗铜溶解，精铜上有红色固体析出【答案】AD三、非选择题：本大题共4小题，共64分。按题目要求作答。解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能得分。有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。30（16分）钯（Pd）催化偶联反应是近年有机合成的研究热点之一。例如：反应化合物I可由以下合成路线获得：（1）化合物I与

7、Br2发生加成反应所得产物的结构简式为 。（2）化合物II的分子式为 。（3）化合物III与化合物II在酸催化下发生酯化反应的化学方程式为 （注明条件）。 （4）化合物IV的结构简式为 。（5）V是化合物II的同分异构体。V的分子中苯环上有三个取代基、能发生银镜反应， 且苯环上的一氯代物有2种。V的结构简式可能是 。（6）1分子与1分子在一定条件下可发生类似反应的反应，生成有机化合物VI，VI的结构简式为 。31(16分）一定条件下，通过下列反应可实现燃煤烟气中硫的回收：2CO(g)+SO2(g)2CO2(g)+S(l) H（1）已知2CO(g)+O2(g)= 2CO2(g)+S(l) H1=

8、566kJmol1S(l) +O2(g)= SO2(g) H2=296kJmol1则反应热H= kJmol1。（2）其他条件相同、催化剂不同时，SO2的转化率随反应温度的变化如图a。260时 （填Fe2O3、NiO或Cr2O3）作催化剂反应速率最快。Fe2O3和NiO作催化剂均能使SO2的转化率达到最高，不考虑价格因素，选择Fe2O3的主要优点是 。（3）科研小组在380、Fe2O3作催化剂时，研究了不同投料比n(CO)n(SO2)对 SO2转化率的影响，结果如图b。请在答题卡坐标图中画出n(CO)n(SO2)=21 时，SO2转化率的预期变化曲线。 （4）工业上还可用Na2SO3溶液吸收烟气

9、中的SO2：Na2SO3+SO2+H2O=2NaHSO3。某温度下用1.0molL1 Na2SO3溶液吸收纯净的SO2，当溶液中c(SO32)降至 0.2molL1时，吸收能力显著下降，应更换吸收剂。此时溶液中c(HSO3)约为_molL1；此时溶液pH=_。（已知该温度下SO32+H+HSO3的平衡常数K=8.0 106 Lmol1，计算时SO2、H2SO3的浓度忽略不计）32(16分）硼酸（H3BO3)大量应用于玻璃制造行业，以硼镁矿（2MgOB2O3H2O、SiO2及少量Fe3O4、CaCO3、Al2O3)为原料生产硼酸的工艺流程如下：已知：H3BO3在20、40、60、100时的溶解度

10、依次为5.0g、8.7g、14.8g、40.2g。Fe3 +、Al3+、Fe2 +和Mg2+以氢氧化物形式完全沉淀时，溶液的pH分别为3. 2、5.2、9.7和12.4。（1）由于矿粉中含CaCO3，“浸取”时容易产生大量泡沫使物料从反应器溢出，故应分批加入稀硫酸。该反应的化学方程式为 。（2）“浸出液”显酸性，含H3BO3和Mg2+、SO42，还含有Fe3 +、Fe2+、Ca2+、Al3+等杂质。“除杂”时向浸出液中依次加入适量H2O2和MgO，除去的杂质离子是 。H2O2的作用是 (用离子方程式表示）。（3）“浸取”后，采用“热过滤”的目的是 。（4）“母液”可用于回收硫酸镁，已知硫酸镁的

11、溶解度随温度变化的曲线如下图，且溶液的沸点随压强增大而升高。为了从“母液”中充分回收MgSO4H2O，应采取的措施是将“母液”蒸发浓缩， 。33 (16分）亚铁盐中，FeSO47H2O露置于空气中易被氧气氧化，而莫尔盐(NH4)2SO4FeSO46H2O露置于空气中不易被氧气氧化，是一种重要的定量分析试剂。其制备原理是：FeSO4+(NH4)2SO4+6H2O =(NH4)2SO4FeSO46H2O。实验室用废铁屑制备莫尔盐的过程如下：（1）步骤I除锈的操作是：将废铁屑放入烧杯， ，过滤，洗涤。（2）步骤II铁屑的溶解在锥形瓶中进行，并水浴加热到60左右，需要的仪器是铁架台、石棉网、大烧杯、

12、。（3）步骤III中加入的（NH4)2SO4与溶液中FeSO4的物质的量需满足的关系为：n(NH4)2SO4nFeSO4= 。为了确定（NH4)2SO4的用量，下列方法简便可行的是 (填编号）。A称量废铁屑的质量，推算所需（NH4)2SO4的质量B称量无锈铁屑和步骤II之后剩余铁屑的质量，推算所需（NH4)2SO4的质量 C测定FeSO4溶液的浓度和体积，推算所需（NH4)2SO4的质量（4）所得晶体样品中可能混有的杂质是FeSO47H2O和（NH4)2SO4中的一种。某小组 设计了如下方案进行检验和测定，请在答题卡上完成表中内容。序号实验方案实验现象和结论步骤1取少量样品 样品颜色可能有变化

13、。步骤2步骤1后将样品转移到试管中，加入去氧蒸馏水，振荡溶解，调节至酸性，_ _ 。若 ，说明样品中含有FeSO47H2O杂质。来源:学&科&网步骤3若步骤2证明样品不含FeSO47H2O杂质，再另取样品测定其中NH4+的质量分数w1与理论值w2比较。若w1 w2，说明样品中含有（NH4)2SO4杂质。（已知(NH4)2SO4FeSO46H2O的式量为392，(NH4)2SO4的式量为132）（英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exem

14、plary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management, str

15、engthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline in

16、spection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline ins

17、pection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision o

18、f the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so l

19、oyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to

20、draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerle

21、ss to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have

22、 enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillus

23、ioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a cal

24、m, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give u

25、p should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, com

26、pletely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back an

27、d see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed

28、 things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart

29、 tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a stor

30、y, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to op

31、en ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I

32、 feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but n

33、ever know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life

34、 and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you

35、 are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most s

36、tupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes

37、, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will n

38、ot know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through t

39、his point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on th

40、e road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care

41、 about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the

42、 coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most i

43、mportant is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the

44、price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is fl

45、ying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some

46、of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Dont demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their