中考英语知识点：定语从句相关考点解析.docx

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1、中考英语知识点：定语从句相关考点解析1.在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?This is the museum which was built last year.2.先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；e.

2、g.: The man先行词 who关系代词（在从句中做主语） has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.The train先行词 which关系代词（做主语） has just left is for Shenzhen.Lets find a place先行词 where关系副词（地点状语） we can have a picnic.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that

3、he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.which 和 as在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：（1）通常as 可以放在整句的句首，而which 只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有正如，as 在定语从句中既可是

4、主语也可做宾语。As appear from her paper， she has read widely in Romantic literatureShe is remarkable， as I have told you （2）which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：She has warried again， which surprises us定语从句中只能用which定语从句中只能用which，不能用that的几种情况：1. 在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）” 例如：The picture for

5、 which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.他花了1000美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有。The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.韩梅在里边学习的那幢大楼很旧。2. 在非限定性定语从句中不能用that。例如：Crusoes dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。3. 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which，另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。Ed

6、ison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。关系词只能选用that 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything时Is there anything that I can d

7、o for you? 当先行词为不定代词all时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 当先行词被all, some, any修饰时These are all the things that I have done today. 当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here. tim

8、e 作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时This is the last time that Ill give you pocket money. 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago 以 who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? 当先行词包括人和物时。定语从句正误辨析误I wont tell you the name of the person who teach me Eng

9、lish.? ?正I wont tell you the name of the person who teaches me English.? ?析在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job. 这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。?误We talked about the things and the people who we met during the

10、 Second World War.? ?正We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War.? ?析这里的关系代词不要用 who，因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who，又不可用 which，因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that，因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?误The book，that I bought yesterday，was very good.?正Th

11、e book，which I bought yesterday，was very good.? ?析先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。误The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?正The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?析

12、关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?误The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America.正The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America.析the one，anyone，those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。?误Thi

13、s is the room in that the old man lives.? ?正This is the room in which the old man lives.? ?正This is the room which the old man lives in.? ?正This is the room that the old man lives in.? ?析that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in.?误I can do everyth

14、ing which is good for you.? ?正I can do everything that is good for you.? ?析在先行词是 all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。?误The only thing which the students can do is studying hard.? ?正The only thing that the students can do is

15、 studying hard.? ?析在先行词前有 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。?误This is the first American film which Ive ever seen.正This is the first American film that Ive ever seen.? ?析在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如：This is the best book that I have ever seen.误He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?正He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?析当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。学科网（北京）股份有限公司