初中英语语法考点复习之定语从句考点.docx

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1、初中英语语法考点复习之定语从句一、高频考点1. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。2. Kate, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, ha

2、s gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【答案】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。3. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考

3、查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。二、例题精讲【例1】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 【答案】that/which【解

4、析】定语从句的关键是找到先行词且准确分析从句的句子成分。先行词为study 研究，定语从句中缺少主语，故填that或which。【易错点】本题考查定语从句。分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。【例2】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【答案】which前加介词in 或 which-where【解析】此处考查关系副词引导定语从句的用法或介词+关系代词（which/whom）引导定语从句的用法。先行词为pond（池塘），定语从句中缺地点状语，因此

5、使用where 或 in which。【易错点】准确分析定语从句中的所缺成分是本题的关键。【例3】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故填whose。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。【易错

6、点】准确分析定语从句中的所缺成分是本题的关键。三、思维点拨1. 解答技巧或方法策略：a. 找出主句； b. 找出被修饰词即先行词； c. 将先行词代入定语从句； d. 判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分； e. 如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词；如作定语，需选择whose, of which或of whom; 如作状语，需选择关系副词。2. 备考建议：a. 定语从句时英语三大类从句中最难懂的一类，其难点主要在与英语中的定语从句既不同于英语中普通的定语，更不同于汉语中的定语，很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊表达。因此，在学习定语从

7、句时，务必掌握好定语从句的基本概念，理清关系代词的正确选定，准确判别定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的差异等。b.搞清楚that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别。c.加强对非限制性定语从句和名词性关系从句的学习。在平日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。d. 从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，那么大量的失误是在所难免的。因此，在平日的阅读过程中，碰到从句的时候，先停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。四、成果巩固【基础达标】1. The littl

8、e problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.【答案】that【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。2. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.【答案】whose【解析】句意：我最大的儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限定定语从句，先行词是my

9、eldest son,根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词做定语，意为：的。故填whose。3. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.【答案】whose【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。4.Scientists have advanced many theo

10、ries about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.【答案】which【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories， 指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。5. A babys cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, _ makes it impossible for us to ignore.【答案】which【解析】空格处引导一个非限

11、制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，故用which。6. China is a place _ the food is not only delicious, but the cheapest Ive ever found.【答案】where【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a place，在从句中作地点状语，因此用where。7. It is a truly delightful place, as looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty c

12、ottages.【答案】第一个as- which【解析】先行词是place，非限制性定语从句中缺主语，as往往有“正如，就像”的意思，不符合句意。8. The number of smokers, which is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【答案】which- as【解析】根据分析，此处指代的是整个句子，表示“如同，正如”，故用a s。9. The books on the desk, which covers are shiny, are prizes for us.【答案】which- whose【解析】先行

13、词为the books，与covers是所属关系，故用whose。10. Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.【答案】which- that【解析】先行词the information前有all修饰，故用that。【能力提升】1. Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.【答案】where【解析】设空处无提示词，主句Creating an atmosp

14、here is a big challenge.从句为 employees feel part of a team，结合语意，本句是定语从句，先行词为atmosphere。进一步分析可知，关系词在从句中还原为in the atmosphere，表抽象的地点概念，作状语，由此判断此处填关系副词where。2. Im sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for _, I must say, I apologize.【答案】which【解析】I must say为插入语，空格处引导一个定语从句for _I apologize，先行词为主

15、句，关系词在从句中作for的宾语，故用which。3. In most cases, college graduates dont mind what job they will do so long as it is one _ they can earn money to support themselves.【答案】where【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词为one即a job，在从句中作地点状语理解为“在这份工作中”，故用where。4. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without _ tireless work

16、 none of this would be possible.【答案】whose【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词为volunteers，关系词在从句中充当tireless work的定语，故用whose。5. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.【答案】where【解析】句意：人生就像一场长跑，我们在这里互相角逐，以超越自己。本空需要关系副词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a long race，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。6. Im glad to introduce Mr.

17、Smith to you, without _ consideration our project would have ended in failure.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。从句中缺少定语，指代Mr Smiths，故填whose。7. The yellow house _ windows face south is the place _ I spent my childhood.【答案】whose; where【解析】句中whose windows face south是定语从句，修饰house, whose在定语从句中作定语。第二空where引导定语从句，修饰plac

18、e, where在定语从句中作状语。8. I find that looking after children is a fun and challenging job _ you need to be patient and careful.【答案】where【解析】句意：我发现照看孩子是一项有趣而又具有挑战性的工作，在这项工作中你需要耐心和细心。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词job，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导，相当于in which。9. Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of film _ is bad for their mental development.【答案】as【解析】从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词，且先行词由such修饰，故用关系代词as。10. The living standard of the people in China, which is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.【答案】which- as【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代主句的内容并在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，故用as。学科网（北京）股份有限公司