高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练：阅读理解专题二十二.docx

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1、高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练 阅读理解专题二十二The end of the world is nigh, again. And as usual, its being greeted largely with a shrug. Perhaps you felt a prick of unease as you scrolled the headlines, or half -listened over breakfast to some radio debate about the fact that some time in the next four years the planet i

2、s likely to breach the 1.5C rise in global temperature that we have long been told is the tipping point to avoid. Perhaps you even felt rage or frustration that its taking everyone else so long to wake up. But the chances are that most people will have forgotten it by lunchtime. If swing voters were

3、 as viscerally scared of flood, fire and catastrophic crop failure as they seem to be of people leaving Calais in dinghies, governments would be turning themselves inside out battling the rising temperature. Imagine if Westminster pounced on every global heating forecast like it will on next weeks i

4、mmigration figures, expected to show another rise to record levels; imagine if green issues stirred the same primal emotions as Brexiters blue passports.A psychologist would argue that the brains natural defences against anxiety are strong, and in this case unhelpfully so. Were hard wired to respond

5、 to imminent physical threats rather than abstract or distant ones and, crucially, to run away from anything too big to fight. These survival instincts served humans well in conflict with charging mammoths, but not so much against the kind of abstract but existential risks potentially posed by the c

6、limate crisis. No doubt the media could do more to shove this particular crisis in everyones faces. Its not too late yet. The lesson from the pandemic is that people can be surprisingly willing to make sacrifices for the public good, if we think that everyone else is doing it and if the rewards are

7、clear. Staying at home to save the NHS was the noble thing to do, but it also made you much less likely to die of Covid, and within weeks it was gratifyingly obvious that it was working as case numbers began to fall.The fight to stay below 1.5C needs to feel like the next national crusade, a battle

8、we are capable of winning and which is therefore worth joining in. There is something oddly puzzling about this governments apparent reluctance to sing its own praises over net zero: Britain evidently isnt decarbonizing(脱碳) fast enough, but it still reduced its emissions faster than any other countr

9、y in the world between 2010 and 2020, a success many Conservatives now seem strangely embarrassed to mention.Crucially, households need to know what is in it for them if they give up their gas boilers or petrol cars which in practice means more generous financial subsidies and incentives to cushion

10、the costs of switching, plus investment in the infrastructure to back it up, from car-charging points and battery factories to an army of properly trained heating engineers.But with one in five voters already saying they think the government spends too much on climate and environment policies, polit

11、ical parties wont risk spending billions more without a clear signal that this really is how we want our taxes spent. And so we go, round and round in an endless circle of dithering.It isnt rising global temperatures that threaten us in the end so much as the eternal human tendency to put off endles

12、sly until tomorrow that which we cant quite face doing today. What the science is increasingly urgently trying to tell us, much as we may not want to listen, is that we can no longer be sure exactly how many tomorrows we have left.【The Guardian(May 19, 2023)】1.What will most people usually do after

13、hearing that the world is burning?A. They will scroll the headlines more frequently to convey their ideas B. They will take the news so seriously that they wont have breakfast C. They will not care it so much and will leave it behind their heads quickly D. They will try their best to appeal to every

14、one to take immediate action 2. Why wont the media cover global temperature issues as many as possible?A. voters are more scared of flood, fire and catastrophic crop failure B. psychologically, people are more likely to respond to physical defenses around the corner than distance onesC. British gove

15、rnment focus more on every global heating forecast D. green issues lead to the primal emotions across the whole country 3. What does the underlined phrase “the next national crusade” refer to?A. staying at home for the public good B. saving the NHS system C. the fight to get rid of the pandemic D. b

16、attle against the rise of global temperature 4. According to the author, what put us in danger in the end?A. insufficient financial subsidies and incentives from the government B. always delaying completing todays mission C. the disapproval from the majority of the voters D. the unpractical climate

17、and environment policies Could a new treatment developed by the US pharmaceutical company Lilly mean “the beginning of the end ” of Alzheimers? Could we even cure the disease some day? These are the types of headlines and questions swirling around after news of a new drug, called donanemab, showed p

18、romising results in phase -3 trials at slowing down the decline in cognitive functions and reducing the deterioration in the ability to undertake daily tasks independently.Alzheimers is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60- 70% of cases. It is not a normal part of ageing, even though

19、 it largely affects those over 65. Its a degenerative disease where symptoms worsen over years, starting with mild memory loss and moving towards the complete loss of ability to recognise loved ones and caregivers, confusion and disorientation between the past and present, and the inability to live

20、independently. It can be heart breaking for families to watch the deterioration of loved ones who almost become like a different person, with extreme mood and behavioural changes.The brain science behind Alzheimers is complex, but CT and MRI scans suggest that toxic changes occur in the brain, inclu

21、ding the abnormal build up of proteins called amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The damage starts in the parts of the brain essential for forming memories but then spreads throughout the organ, with brain tissue shrinking significantly.Developing treatments for Alzheimers has been a challenge, with a

22、lmost 20 years passing with no new drugs. But in the last year, two new ones have emerged: donanemab and lecanemab. Neither are cures or magic bullets for the disease, but they do address key symptoms. They target the amyloid proteins that can accumulate in the brain and damage neurons, slowing down

23、 its progression. And while this news is exciting, there are major caveats. One is whether it will ever become available on the NHS. The cost is estimated to be about 20,000 per person per year of treatment. While lucrative for drug companies, and likely to be aimed at the US healthcare market, in t

24、he UK it could become a“luxury” good for those able to pay vast sums of money in the growing private healthcare sector.Another is the serious side-effects: in the study, brain swelling occurred in 24% of participants and brain bleeding occurred in 31.4% on the drug compared with 13.6% in the placebo

25、 group. There were also three deaths during the trial, which have been linked to Aria (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities) seizures and bleeding in the brain. Part of the problem for me, as an academic, in assessing the drug is that the full results of the trial havent yet been shared publicly or

26、 published in a peer-review journal. We cannot access the full data or scrutinize the trial yet, and there is always an incentive for private companies to overstate the effectiveness of new drugs. Trial results need to be assessed robustly by an independent body of experts.While it is unlikely to ch

27、ange clinical practice until at least 2025, the news of donanemab is again an indication that science is continuing to make progress when it comes to treating the major causes of illness and death, even one related to the highly complex inner workings of the brain.Weve rarely managed to “cure” a dis

28、ease completely, but we have managed to develop tools to reduce the pain and debilitating symptoms of various diseases and improve the quality and length of peoples lives. So, there are caveats and the need for caution, but these new Alzheimers drugs are indeed the grounds for that rare thing these

29、days: hope.【The Guardian(May 19, 2023)】1.Which of the following statements concerning Alzheimer is true?A. there exists a new drug to cure it completely B. 60- 70% of dementia result in AlzheimerC. the complete loss of ability to recognize loved ones is normal when youre old D. amyloid plaques and t

30、au tangles accumulate first to damage part of the brain then the whole organ was destroyed 2. The underlined word “caveats” can best be replaced by _A. warnings B. discussions C. illustrations D. instruments 3. Whats the problem of the new drug according to the author as an academic?A. it has the se

31、rious side-effects such as brain bleeding and deaths B. the effectiveness of new drugs may be exaggerated without proper and fair assessment C. the cost of the new drug is out of reach for ordinary people D. there is no possibility for new drugs to be admitted into the NHS 4. What the authors attitu

32、de towards the new drug?A. approvalB. doubtful C. objective D. carefree New York officials are deploying more resources to help homeless people on the subway system. The case of Jordan Neely, a homeless man killed by a fellow passenger during an apparent mental health episode, shows just how stubbor

33、n the problem is.Neely, a Michael Jackson impersonator who struggled with mental illness, died May 1 after 24-year-old Daniel Penny put him in a fatal chokehold on a subway train in lower Manhattan.Neelys funeral will be held Friday in Harlem. Prosecutors charged Penny with second-degree manslaughte

34、r this month after a chorus of New York officials described the incident as a murder. His lawyers said he was acting to protect himself.The fatal encounter has inflamed New Yorkers debate around public safety and mental health. At the center of both issues is the citys homelessness crisis, which May

35、or Eric Adams a former police officer has pledged to fix but so far has struggled to alleviate.Adams and New York Gov. Kathy Hochul announced souped-up outreach programs in February. It is difficult to measure their impact. Under the city-backed program, teams of police officers and outreach workers

36、 sweep trains at end-of-line subway stations. The average number of homeless people in subway trains reaching the end of their line decreased to 2.7 in January 2023 from six a year earlier. The sharpest decline came after an MTA sweep at the start of 2022, which officials said cleared 350 people fro

37、m 29 encampments in subway tunnels and 89 encampments in stations. Shelly Nortz, deputy executive director for policy for the Homeless advocacy group said people sometimes accept transportation to shelters but dont bother checking in. She said it would be better if people were taken to more permanen

38、t housing rather than a shelter.David Jones, an MTA board member, said workers in the outreach programs needed more training.“Were going to have to up the ante in terms of the skill level of the outreach teams to be able to handle this stuff,” he said.Last week, a police officer spotted a person spr

39、awled across the bench aboard an E train shortly after midnight.“Good morning!” the officer shouted. “Are you getting services?”an accompanying outreach worker asked. The person sat up, mumbled something, and the team moved on. The train pulled out of the station again.The state has launched 11 outr

40、each teams that work in stations during days and evenings. It is important to be persistent and listen to peoples individual needs. Tashjian, executive deputy commissioner of the states Office of Mental Health, joined the outreach efforts in their early days and said it sometimes takes workers multi

41、ple engagements to get people to agree to accept help. She considers the number of placements a success and touted state funding approved this year for hundreds of units of supportive housing.【The Wall Street Journal (May 19, 2023)】1. Why did the author cite Neelys case in the first paragraph?A. to

42、introduce the legal system in America B. to show how urgent to help homeless people on the subway system C. to criticize the New York officials who destroyed the public safety D. to condemn the murder who has mental illness2. How are the outreach programs carried out by the mayor?A. homeless people

43、at end-of-line subway station is cleared by police officers B. teams of police officers and outreach workers clean trains using a tool C. subway services are shut down to homeless people all day long D. homeless people are required to check in to accept transportation shelters 3. Whats the meaning o

44、f the underlined phrase “up the ante”?A. put an end to a talk B. get rid of a problem C. set a higher standard or goal D. deal with a tough situation 4. How to describe an outreach workers job according to the passage?A. easy and rewarding B. high-paid and relaxing C. respectful and secret D. hard and demanding 答案CBDBDABABACD 学科网（北京）股份有限公司