瞬间动词用法总结实用文档.doc

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1、瞬间动词用法总结实用文档(实用文档，可以直接使用，可编辑 优秀版资料，欢迎下载）中考瞬间动词用法总结瞬间动词又称非延续性动词，可以有现在完成时态,但不可以接一段时间.若要接一段时间，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。如：I havent bought anything for two months。常用瞬间动词有：1， come, go， get to， reach， arrive, leave, see， hear2。 buy， sell， open， close, get up3。 join， take part in， begin， start, retu

2、rn， give, borrow, lend4， become， turn, bring， take， die， finish， end， receive, hear from, marry，1）瞬间动词不用于进行时态,若是进行时态形式表示将来时态的意思。The spaceship is returning to the earth。Im leaving for Hangzhou.2）瞬间动词不能与HOW LONG引导的疑问句连用.Wrong： How long have you left school？How long is it since you left school?How long

3、 ago did you leave school？How long have you been away from school？3）瞬间动词不能与FOR引导的表示一段的时间状语连用。Wrong： He has bought the computer for two months.He has had the computer for two months.He bought the computer two months ago。It is (has been） two months since he bought the computer.Two months have passed s

4、ince he bought the computer.4)瞬间动词与UNTIL引导的时间状语(或从句)连用时,只能用否定形式。I didnt know it until yesterday。He didnt return until midnight。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.瞬间动词的替代办法a）用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had（不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I hav

5、e kept（不能用have borrowed） the book for quite a few days。 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher？ 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b）用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall （get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall （get）

6、asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose， die， sell, leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone， lost）代lose c)用“be副词代终止性动词 1“beon”代start， begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback（to）”代return to， come back to, go back to 4“be here （there）”代come（arrive， reach, get) here或go （arrive， reach， get

7、） there等d）用“be介词短语代终止性动词 1。“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2。用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点代替move to助教总结药学X班 XXX 学号XXXXXX我担任了化工学院高子彬本科生毕业设计课程的助教.我的任务是指导学生对自己的课题进行熟悉，然后指导他们完成各个环节的材料填写和上传,主要指导他们完成实验设计和操作，撰写毕业论文.首先指导他们查找与课题相关的文献,主要是从学校图书馆首页的数据库中查找,例如中国知网、万方数据库和science finder等等.下载文献后认真阅读

8、，有的英文文献还需要翻译，需要用全医药词典进行辅助翻译。最主要的还是实验部分。首先我自己先熟悉实验中可能用到的仪器，经过多次操作，熟练掌握。在本科生提交实验方案后,指导他们进行实验准备,包括实验仪器和实验材料。明确实验所需仪器，药品，实验基本操作与注意事项。告诫他们要保持实验台的干净，整洁,不能太杂乱.做完实验后一定将仪器和药品放回原处。学生的实验操作技能的培养是重要一环，为此，我会手把手的指导，帮助每一位需要帮助的学生，引导他们正确,规范的进行实验操作.对所发现与存在的问题及时的告诫学生，避免不必要的错误及危险的发生。并努力缓解学生在做实验过程中出现的焦躁，不安与害怕危险而不敢动手的消极情绪

9、.在实验过程中也会遇到一些困难.这些问题有的是通过查阅大量文献,参考前人的经验来解决，有的是向老师请教，有的时候还需要向除自己导师外的其他老师请教。老师们经验丰富，并且都很耐心的给我们讲解。这个过程中我又增长了好多知识，学到了课本上学不到的东西。在毕业设计的中期，学生需要进行中期汇报,制作中期答辩的PPT.这对于他们来说，既是一个阶段的总结，也是对课题能不能按时完成的一个考验。对于PPT中的一些问题进行了知道.例如有的表格绘制的不规范，实验中的关键点没有突出等等。然后组织他们进行中期答辩演练,确保每一位学生都能够熟练的讲解自己的PPT，汇报自己的工作内容。在毕业设计的后期，指导学生完成毕业论文

10、的撰写。本科生毕业论文有着严格的格式要求,这对于第一次写毕业论文的他们来说并不轻松。不仅要完整的写出自己课题的目的、意义、实验内容，而且还需要他们认真总结，深入思考和探讨,最后还要按照格式要求规范自己的论文。在整个工作中，通过自己亲身参与并和其他老师同学的交流,我学到了很多好的教学方法，积累丰富的教学经验，在指导他们的时候,我不仅是学生，也是老师，明白了只有师生之间相互交流、相互了解、敢于动手，通过大家的共同努力才能使教学获得事半功倍的效果！提高学生的学习积极性并努力为学生营造实验教学的趣味性,才能使学生热爱实验,敢于做实验，实现学生能自发性的去学习和了解实验,从而使他们的实验能力能得到真正的

11、提高.与此同时，在与学生及老师交流的过程中我也发现自身很多的不足,自身存在很多问题,有时遇事比较消极,在教学工作中有时带有情绪化,导致有的时候不能和学生很好的交流，不能舍身处地的为学生着想，不理解学生的内心世界,从而对教学工作带来一些不必要的麻烦。在半年的助教生活中同样也学到了不少东西,毕竟教与学是相长的，是一个相互促进与相互学习的过程，在这期间不断巩固和强化了自己的实验的理论知识水平及与人沟通交流的能力，也认识到自己教学水平与理论知识有待进一步提高。最后，非常感谢学院领导和我的各位指导老师对我真切的关怀，以及同学们对我的不尽照顾。非谓语动词一 动词不定式1. 动词不定式的构成：to + 动词

12、原形（这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义） 否定：not+ (to +) 动词原形2. 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构为:It+be+adj.+（for/of sb.)+动词不定式表语My work is to clean the room every day。 = To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表

13、语，可转换为作主语宾语What sports does he like to play？ He likes to play basketball。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time.在make， let, see, hear， watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?不定式做定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语Im sorry to trouble you。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.to do 作主语常用it 作形式主

14、语例： To learn English well is useful. It is useful（for us）to learn English well。注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。2。一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like， like（想要）， want, wish， hope, decide, plan， except等。例：Would you like too see a film this evening?3。在find, think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而

15、将真正的宾语放在句末。例：I find it easy to read English every day. 4.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式作宾语Why not do ， why dont you do， had better （not） do, would rater do， could/ would/ will you please (not） do例: I would rather stay in the room. 5。一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略.一感（fell）、二听（hear， listen to）、三让（let/ make/ let)、四看（look

16、 at, see， watch， notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上to。例：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss。6.不定式常和疑问词what,which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。二 动名词1. 动名词的构成： 动词原形+ing2. 动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health。谓语动词用单数形式宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的习惯或抽象

17、行为或经常性动作介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters。 表语His hobby is collecting stamps= Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下,动名词作表语可装换成做主语定语She is in the reading room。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。至置于所修饰词之前常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙（finish, practice， be worth, be busy) 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想(consid

18、er, suggest, cant help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)三 分词1. 构成: 动词+ ing 动词 + -ed 2. 分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?Please hand in your written exercise.现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. See

19、n from the hill, out school looks more beautiful. 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语表语The situation is encouraging。The boy is too frightened to move。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态（也就是我们常说的人用-ed，物用ing.)补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time。I heard him singing in the classroom. Hell have his hair cut after school. 现在分词作补足语,

20、被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）四 易混清单1. 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 stop to do sth. 停下来去做 stop doing sth. 停止做 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生)forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（动作未发生）Forget doing sth。 忘记做过某事（动作已发生)try to do sth。 努力去做某事Try doing sth. 试着去做某事go on t

21、o do sth. 做完一件事,接着去做另一件事go on doing sth。 继续不停地做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事regret to do sth。 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）Regret doing sth。 对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔（已做)mean to do sth. 打算，想做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事二 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词有see， watch， notice, hear， feel, have等,它们接不带to的动词不定式作宾补，表示已经完成

22、了的经常性的动作;接现在分词做宾补,表示动作正在进行着。例： I heard him singing in the classroom。 (“唱这个动作正在进行）I heard him sing in the classroom。 (“唱”这个动作已经结束) 三 Need， require, want 做“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。例： The window needs cleaning。The window needs to be cleaned. want to be done=want doingneed to be done=need doingrequire

23、to be done=require doing四 现在分词与过去分词的区别1. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动(修饰人用-ed，修饰物用ing)。例： the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人2。 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已近完成的动作。 例: the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家五 注意下列“to” 是介词,不是动词不定式。make （a) contribution（s) to 为作贡献devote to 献身，致力于

24、look forward to 期盼，盼望prefer to两者间更喜欢be used to 习惯.；适应1. Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life。 A. saveB. savingC。 to saveD. saves 2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email。 A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote3. Before going to the HistoryMuseum， our teacher t

25、old us _ the public rules。A。 obeyB. to obeyC。 obeyingD。 obeyed4. James, Im too tired. Lets stop _ a rest。 A。 havingB。 haveC. to havingD。 to have 5. -We can use QQ to chat with other on the Internet。 Really? Will you please show me _it？A。 how to useB. what to useC. how can I useD。 what can I use6. -W

26、heres your brother now, Bob？I saw him _in the street a moment ago and I told him _。A。 playing； dont do soB。 playing; not do so C。 play; to do so 7. Hi, Steve！ Our teachers told us_ an electric bike。 Its too dangerous. Im sorry。 I wont do it again。 A。 to rideB。 not rideC. not to ride 8. As teenagers，

27、 were old enough _ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms。 A. to help B。 helpingC. helped 9. Mary dances best in our school. I agree。 Ill never forget _ her dance for the first time.A. seeingB. to seeC. seeD. seen10. Chinese athletes did a great job in the

28、 Winter Olympics in Canada。 It can encourage post90s(90后）_.A。 work hard B. worked harderC. working harderD。 to work hard 11. Dont forget _ an umbrella _you。 Its going to rain。A. to take; toB. taking; to C. to take； withD. taking； with12. Nancy is really a hard working student. We often see her _ boo

29、ks in the classroom。 A。 readB。 to readC。 reads13. -Are you going to the party_ at Smiths home this evening？ I will if I am free.A。 holdingB. heldC。 to holdD. to be held14. Mrs。 Smith made her students _ the compositions three times a week。A。 write B。 to write C. writtenD. writing15. Danny did all ki

30、nds of things to make the baby _。 A. to stop cryingB。 stop cryingC。 to stop to cry D. stop to cry 16. We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _。A. to live; to choose which one B。 lived; choose which oneC。 to lived in； which one to chose D. live; which one 17. The teacher told the students _ any food

31、into the computer room。A. not to bringB。 not bring C。 dont bring D。 bring not 18. At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on line。A. creat B。 creates C. creating D。 created 19. The teacher asked Ben _ a difficult question in class。A. answer B. answering C. to answer D。 answe

32、red 20. Youd better _ too much time playing computer games。 A。 dont spendB。 not to spend C。 to not spend D. not spend 21. More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old。A。 servedB. to serveC。 serveD. serves 22. Is Jack in the library？ Maybe. I saw him _ out with some books just now.

33、 A. goingB. go C. to go D。 went 23 Dad, why should I stop _ computer games? For your health, my boy， Im afraid you_.A。 to play; must B. playing； have to C。 to play; can D。 playing; may 24. Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother？ Yes, its well worth _。 Its _ moving that Ive seen it twice. A。 seeing

34、； too B。 to see; enoughC. seeing; so D。 to see； such25. Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ it by yourself?A。 ask; write B。 to ask; writingC. ask; writing D。 asking; writing 26。 If people _ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere_.A. keep； to live in B。 will keep； to live

35、in C。 keep； to live D. will keep; to live27。 His parents often encourage him _ hard. A。 work B。 workingC. to work D. works 28。 Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot _ him for his telephone number.A. ask B。 askingC. and ask D. to ask 29. Last weekend I went to the library _ some books on

36、 how to protect environment. A。 to borrow B. borrowC. borrowed D. borrowing 30. - How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up？ It makes me _ very proud。A. felt B。 to feel C。 feeling D。 feel 31。 The boy promised _ late for school again.A. to not be B. not to be C。 not being D。 being not 32

37、. Its very nice_ pictures for me.A。 of you do draw B。 for you to draw C. for you drawingD. of you drawing 33. China will spend about 52 billion yuan _ new airports and _ old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five Year Plan period。 (时期）A。 repairing; building B. to build; repair C. building; repai

38、ring D. to repair； build 34. There are so many kinds of pens here。 I cant decide _。A。 when to choose B。 to choose which C. which one to choose35. - What about playing football this afternoon, Sam？-I would rather _ at home than _ football. its too hot outside。 A。 stay; playing B。 stay； play C. to sta

39、y； to play D。 to stay; playing 36. It took Li Ming an hour _ his bike yesterdayA.to repair B。 repairing C。 repaired D。 repair 37。 Its important _ the piano well.A。 of him to play B。 for him to play C。 of him playing D。 for him playing 38。 My job is _ you Japanese.A。 to teach B. teach C。 teaches D。 t

40、aught 39. The doctor _ a _ boy yesterday.A. had saved； dyingB. saved； deadC。 has saved； dead D。 saved； dying 40. Would you mind _me how _ English words？A. tell; to remember B. telling; rememberC。telling; to remember D. tell; remember 答案：1-5 CCBDA 610 BCAAD 1115 CADAB 1620CADCD21-25 BBBCC 2630 CCDAD 31-35 BACCB 3640ABADC