高中英语书面表达中的高级结构实用文档.doc

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1、书面表达中的高级结构王道波我们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。一高级词汇1occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that

2、 someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2devote替换spendHe spends all his spare time in reading. He devotes all his spare time to reading.3seek替换want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.4average 替换ordinary Im an avera

3、ge ( ordinary ) student.5but替换veryThe film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6seat 替换sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7suppose 替换

4、should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.8appreciate 替换thankThank you very much for you help. We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.9the case替换 trueI dont think it is the case ( true ).10on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. On h

5、is arrival, he began his research.11due to替换because ofHe arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.13contribute to替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will

6、undoubtedly contribute to English study.14round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearbyThe summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15come to light替换discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. T

7、he family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).17come up with替换think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas

8、.18set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)19be of + n. 替换adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.20refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is ver

9、y famous.21can not but / can not help but替换have to doI could not but (had to) go home.22more often than not替换usuallyMore often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23lest替换so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. I wrote d

10、own his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.24be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. I am long to see you.25be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collectin

11、g stamps.26more than替换veryIm very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.(NMET 2003) If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)27perfect(ly)替换good/ very wellHe speaks perfect ( good ) English

12、./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).28do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?29the other day替换a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(NMET 1997)30in the course of替换during In the course of (During) the

13、mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31the majority of替换most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.33be worn out替换 be

14、tired / broken After five hours non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.34become of替换 happen What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ? 35attend to替换look after 36on condition that替换as long as37nevertheless替换however38express ones sa

15、tisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39spare no efforts to do替换try ones best to do40many a 替换many41be rushed off ones feet 替换be busy in doing42a handful of替换a little / some43meanwhile替换at the same time44get to ones feet替换stand up 45beneath替换under46occasionally替换sometimes /once in while47for instance替换

16、for example48seldom替换not often49wealthy替换 rich50amazing替换surprising 51as a matter of fact 替换in fact二高级句型结构 It句型 It will be + some time + before It wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed

17、our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2021年湖北卷） It is + 被强调部分 + that 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.

18、more than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat i

19、s in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from JianxinChineseSchool. (NMET 2003) It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷)分词结构I dont know about ot

20、hers, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷)Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）Born in American, Thomas E

21、dison was a great scientist and inventor.（2021年湖南卷） with结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.倒装句 The library is to the east of the teaching build

22、ing. East of the teaching building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy.Tired as we are, we are happy.Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷）被动语态 Opinions are divided on

23、the question. (NMET 2002) All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 ) New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) 巧妙的改写（1）Only 改成no one butOnly Tom passed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.（2）as soon as 改成No soonert

24、han/Hardlywhen/Immediately/Themoment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.（3）have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).（4）变换插入语的位置However, they suggest fees should be charged low. They suggest, however, fees should b

25、e charged low. (NMET 2002) I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷)(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 Meimei, who is seven years old, has

26、 been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002上海卷)Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2021年湖南卷）其它 （1）注重句子的开头 用with复合结构开头Wit

27、h the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.With his help, weve learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2021年江苏卷） 用非谓语动词形式开头）In

28、order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner. （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）相关过渡语1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile,later，first of all, finally, at last2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on o

29、ne side3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus5). 表示递进关系: besides, whats more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also7).

30、 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude2021年12月选修七单词表Unit 1disability n. 伤残；无力；无能disabled adj.伤残的hearing n. 听力；听觉eyesight n. 视力syndrome n. 综合病征；综合症状infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹Rosalyn n. 罗莎琳（女名）lap n. 跑道的一圈；重叠部分；大腿的上方ambition n. 雄心；野心ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野

31、心的dictation n. 口授；听写（的文字）Sally n. 萨利（女名）noisy n. 吵闹的；嘈杂的suitable adj. 适合的；适宜的entry n. 项目；进入；入口beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的Marty 马蒂?菲尔丁in other words 换句话说clumsy adj. 笨拙的bump vi. 碰撞；撞击outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的 adapt vt. 使适应；改编adapt to 适合bench n. 长凳cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）microscope n. 显微镜out of breath 上气不

32、接下气absence n. 缺席；不在某处fellow adj. 同伴的同类的 n.同伴；同志；伙伴annoy vt. 使不悦；惹恼annoyed adj. 颇为生气的annoyance n. 烦恼all in all 总而言之firm n. 公司 adj.结实的；坚固的；坚定的software n. 软件sit around 闲坐着as well as 和；也parrot n. 鹦鹉tank n.（盛液体、气体的）大容器；缸；大桶tortoise n. 陆龟；龟in many ways 在很多方面psychology n. 心理（学）psychologically adv. 心理（学）地；精

33、神上地make fun of 取笑encouragement n. 鼓励；奖励conduct n. 行为；品行 vt.指挥；管理；主持mainstream n. 主流；主要倾向fulfilling adj. 令人满意的；令人愉快的never mind 不必担心politics n. 政治（学）abolish vt. 废除；废止abolition n. 废除；废止resign vi. & vt. 辞职；辞去（工作、职位等）slavery n. 奴隶制literature n. 文学（作品）；著作；文献Barry Minto 巴里?明托Mount Kilimanjaro n. 气力马扎罗山（位于坦

34、桑尼亚；非洲最高山）companion n. 同伴；伙伴assistance n. 协助；援助congratulate vt. 祝贺；庆贺congratulation n. 祝贺；贺词bowling n. 保龄球graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼certificate n. 证书all the best （口语）（祝你）一切顺利architect n. 建筑师Sanders n. 桑德斯（姓）adequate adj. 足够的；充分的access n.（接近的）方法；通路；可接 近性accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的wheelchair n. 轮椅handy

35、adj. 方便的；有用的earphone n. 耳机impair vt. 削弱；损伤row n. 一行；一排 vt . & vi.划（船）basement n. 地下室outwards adv. 向外exit n. 出口；离开；退场meet with 遇到；经历；会晤approval n. 赞成；认可dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质profit n. 收益；利润；盈利italics n.（pl） 斜体（字）community n. 社区；团体；社会Unit 2household adj. 家庭的；家用的 n.一家人；家庭fiction n. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事desire n. 渴

36、望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要Isaac Asimov 艾萨克?阿西莫夫satisfaction n. 满意；满足；令人满意的事物Larry Belmont 拉里?贝尔蒙特test out 试验；考验Claire n. 克莱尔（女名）bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利alarm vt. 使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n.警报；惊恐alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的apron n. 围裙sympathy n. 同情（心）overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的Gladys Claffern 格拉迪斯?克拉芬favour n. 喜爱

37、；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒pile n.堆；摞vi.堆起；堆积vt.把堆起；积聚scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看； 浏览；扫描fingernail n. 手指甲absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的haircut n. 发型；理发makeup n. 化妆品accompany vt. 陪伴；伴奏cushion n. （坐、跪时用的）软垫；靠垫；垫子bedding n. 寝具；铺盖necklace n. 项链clerk n. 售货员；职员；旅馆接待员counter n. 柜台；计数器ring up 给打 turn around 转向；回转awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的糟透的

38、affair n. 事务；事情；暖昧关系armchair n. 扶手椅；单座沙发declare vt. 宣布；声明；表明；宣称cuisine n. 烹饪（风味）；菜肴envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕leavealone 不管；别惹；让一个人 待着；和单独在一起digital adj. 数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的mailbox n. （美）邮筒；信箱state vt. 陈述；宣布aside adv. 在一边；向一边set aside 将放在一边；为节省 或保留（钱或时间）grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的Marion n. 玛丽安（女名）alphabetical adj. 字母（表的；按

39、字母顺序的receiver n. 收件人；接收机； 听筒in all 一共；总计affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的be bound to 一定做biography n. （由他人撰写的）传记；传记文学holy adj. 神的；上帝的；圣洁的imagination n. 想象（力）；创造力；幻想物transfusion n. 输血part-time adj. 兼职的masters degree 硕士学位staff n. 全体员工；手杖Philadelphia n. 费城（navy n. 海军；海军部队junior adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位

40、较低的 n.年少者；晚辈；等级较低者PhD 哲学博士学位；博士学位biochemistry n. 生物化学Boston n. 波士顿（美国东北部城市）talent n. 天才；特殊能力；才干chapter n. （书中的）章；篇；回the Foundation 基地三部曲empire n. 帝国theoretical adj. 理论（上）的；假设的framework n. 框架；结构thinking n. 思想；思考divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系 vt.与离婚；obey vt. & vi. 服从；顺从disobey vt. & vi. 不服从；违抗assessment n. 评价；评定U

41、nit 3snorkel vi. 戴潜水通气管潜泳 n.通气管aquarium n. 水族馆；水族箱；养鱼缸anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻Clancy n. 克兰西（男名）baleen n. 鲸须baleen whale 须鲸annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的 n.年刊年鉴migration n. 迁徙；迁居；移居witness vt. 当场见到；目击n.目击者；证据accommodation n. 住所；住宿shore n. 岸；海滨offshore adv.&adj. 近海（的）；离岸（的）opposite prep. 在对面 adj. 相对的；相反的yell vi. 大叫；

42、呼喊 n.叫声；喊声pause vi. & n. 暂停；中止oar n. 桨；橹telescope n. 望远镜teamwork n. 协作；配合blow-hole n.（鲸鱼的）鼻孔（隧道的）通风口dive vi. & n. 跳水；潜水；俯冲flee vi. (fled, fled) 逃避；逃跑 vt. 逃离harpoon n. （捕鲸用的）鱼叉drag vt. 拖；拉；扯depth n. 深（度）；深处meantime adv. 其间；同时in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时lip n. 一片嘴唇；（容器或洞的）边，口overboard adv. 越过船舷进入水中urge v

43、t. 催促；极力主张；驱策abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃shark n. 鲨鱼Help () out 帮助（某人）摆脱困境或危难relationship n. 关系；血缘关系；交往conservation n. 保存；保护iceberg n. 冰山jog vi. 慢跑 vt.轻推；轻撞seaside n. & adj. 海边（的）；海滨（的）net n. 网；网状物；网络target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象tide n. 潮（汐）；潮水；潮流driftnet n. 流网dimension n. 维（数）；方面；侧面reflect vi. 思考 vt.映射；反射；思考pure a

44、dj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的cell n. 细胞；（蜂房的）巢室aware adj. 意识到的；知道的be/become aware of 对知道、明白；意识到vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的neat adj. （口）好的；整齐的；匀称的seaweed n. 海草；海藻narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯upside down 上下翻转suck vt. & vi. 吮吸sea-slug n. 海蛞蝓turtle n. 海龟；龟；甲鱼eel n. 鳗；鳝sharp adj. 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的tasty adj. 好吃的；可口的giant adj. 巨人的；巨大的 n. 巨人；伟人clam n. 蛤grey adj. & n. 灰色（的）scare vt. 恐吓 vi.受惊吓(be) scared to death 吓死了shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的steep adj.