2020高考英语三模前阅读理解专题练05（学生版）三年真题研读专练.pdf

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1、三模前阅读理解专题练05题组一AHistorian Tom Holland is the award-winning author of Rubicon,Persian Fire and Millennium.He appears regularlyon radio,TV and in print.His latest book Dynasty is published in paperback by Abacus.Moominsummer Madness By Tove JansoonWhat I love about this book,as a child and still today

2、,is its mix of the fantastical and normal.On the one hand,ifs about a family and their friends all enjoying themselves,quite happy not doing much.On the other hand,its aboutcharacters that can change into odd shapes,magicianscoming down from the moon and peculiar creaturesemerging from the roof.That

3、 mix of the familiar and theextraordinary informs all my writing.T T H R O O C r r u ST H H H ltT lO R IH SThe Histories By HerodoTusBy the time I was 12,1 was obsessed by AncientGreece and Rome.At first,I found the early section of TheHistories a real grind because its like a long shaggy dogIn the

4、second half I was rewarded with the stories Idbeen waiting for,like the battles of Marathon,Salamis and Thermopylae.Over the years,I come tovalue the infectious curiosity of the first half and theportrait of the world in the fifth century BC seenthrough the eyes of this extraordinary Greekhistorian.

5、A Distant Mirror By BarBara W TucHmanTuchmans book The Guns of August won thePulitzer Prize,but its this slightly less well-knownwork that provided me with a role model for my ownwriting.Both scholarly and interesting,its a portraitof the 14th century in Western Europe and vividlyevokes medieval civ

6、ilization buffeted by cataclysms:the Black Death,the Peasants?Revolt and the GreatPapal Schism.I felt I knew what it was to die of theplague or to have a sword put through me real56.Tom Holland now finds the first half of The Hi s t o r i e s.story that never gets to the point.stories told remarkabl

7、yA.off the point B.culture-centered C.really boring D.quite entertaining57.Which book does Tom Holland appreciate and try to copy its style?A.The HistoriesB.A Distant Mirror C.The Guns of August D.Moominsummer MadnessBIn Weapons of Math Destruction,data scientist Cathy ONeil explains how big data ex

8、ists everywhere in ourlives,and that we hardly even notice it until it affects us directly.One application that has become particularlycommon is the use of algorithms(算法)to evaluate job performance.She tells the story of Sarah Wysocki,a teacher who,despite being widely respected by her students,thei

9、rparents and her colleagues,was fired because she performed poorly according to an algorithm.When an algorithmrates you poorly,you are immediately branded as an underperformer and there is rarely an opportunity to appealagainst those judgments.In many cases,methods are considered secrets and no deta

10、ils are shared.And data oftenseems convincing.As a matter of fact,the belief that school performance in America is declining is based on a data mistake.ANation at Risk is the report that rang the initial alarm bells about declining SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test)scores.Yet if they had taken a closer

11、 look,they would have noticed that the scores in each smaller group were increasing.The reason for the decline in the average score was that more disadvantaged kids were taking the test.However,due to the data mistake,teachers as a whole were judged to be failing.Wall Street is famous for its mathem

12、aticians who build complex models to predict market movements anddevelop business plans.These are really smart people.Even so,it is not at all uncommon for their models to fail.The key difference between those models and many of the ones being used these days is that Wall Street traderslose money wh

13、en their data models go wrong.However,as ONeil points out in her book,the effects ofwidely-used machine-driven judgments are often not borne by those who design the algorithms,but by everyoneelse.As we increasingly rely on machines to make decisions,we need to ask these questions:What assumptions ar

14、ethere in your model?What hasnt been taken into account?How are we going to test the effectiveness of theconclusions?Clearly,something has gone terribly wrong.When machines replace humans to make a judgment,weshould hold them to a high standard.We should know how the data was collected.And when numb

15、ers lie,weshould stop listening to them.58.What does the example of Sarah Wysocki mainly show?A.The drawback of big data.B.The popularity of big data.C.The new challenge teachers face.D.The misunderstanding about algorithms.59.Widely-used machine-driven j u d g m e n t s.A.never make any economic lo

16、ssB.can lead to many innocent victimsC.are more complicated than Wall Streets data modelsD.can go wrong more easily than Wall Street9s data models60.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A.Making decisions without machines.B.Making sure that the data are reliable.C.Making the algorithms

17、 more effective.D.Making the data and algorithms public.CRonald Reagan ever said,Its true hard work never killed anybody,but I figure,why take the chance?Tosome extent,extra effort seems to be self-defeating.Studies suggest that,after 50 hours a week,employeeproductivity falls sharply.But that doesn

18、t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods.Jack Ma,the founder of Alibaba,recently praised the 996”model,where employees work from 9 a.m.to 9 p.m.,6days a week,as a huge blessing,.Apparently,presenteeism（Hi 勤主义）is the curse of the modem office worker

19、.There will be days when you do not have much to do:perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in adifferent department,or a different company,to respond to a request.As the clock ticks past 5 pm,there may be nopurpose in staying at your desk.But you can see your boss hard at work and,more imp

20、ortantly,they can see you.So you make an effort to look busy.Some of this may be a self-continuing cycle.If bosses do not like to go home before their employees,andemployees fear leaving before their bosses,everyone is trapped.Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise,or apromotion,if they ar

21、e not seen to be putting in maximum effort.This is easily confused with long hours.Managers,who are often no good at judging employees*performance,use time in the office as a measure.The consequence isoften wasted effort.We pretend to work and managers pretend to believe us.Rather than work hard,you

22、 try tomake bosses think that you are.Leaving a jacket on your office chair,walking around purposefully with a notebookand sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks.After a while this can result in collectiveself-delusion that this pretence is actual work.But presenteeism ha

23、s more serious consequences.It is perhaps most common in Japan,where people attendthe office even when they are in discomfort.In doing so,they are doing neither themselves nor their employers anyfavours.As well as reducing productivity,this can increase medical expenses for the employer.According to

24、 astudy in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine,these costs can be six times higher for employersthan the costs of absenteeism among workers.Those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and tosuffer from depression.In the evolution of humanity,presenteeism is a recent ph

25、enomenon.In the industrial era,workers were paidnot for their output but for their time,and were required to clock in and out.But modern machinery likesmartphones and laptops is portable.Turning an office into a prison,with prisoners allowed home for the evenings,does nothing for the creativity that

26、 is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.To beproductive you need presence of mind,not being present in the flesh.61.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A.Employees often have to work extra hours.B.Extra effort improves employees5 productivity.C.“996”

27、model is well received around the world.D.Both bosses and employees are devoted to their jobs.62.What does the underlined This in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Hoping to get a pay rise.B.Going home after the boss.C.Putting in maximum effort.D.Judging employees performance.63.Which of the following is one t

28、he results of long-time presenteeism?A.Reducing medical costs of employees.B.Making employees more hard-working.C.Increasing the competition among employees.D.Worsening employees physical and mental condition.64.What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.Employees should be treated

29、 as prisoners.B.Productivity cant be measured by presenteeism now.C.Office tasks usually cant be carried out automatically.D.Office workers should be allowed to be absent-minded.DTo learn to think is to learn to question.Those who dont question never truly think for themselves.These aresimple rules

30、that have governed the advancement of science and human thought since the beginning of time.Advancements are made when thinkers question theories and introduce new ones.Unfortunately,it is often thegreat and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought.Aristotle was a brillian

31、tphilosopher whose theories explained much of the natural world,often incorrectly.He was so esteemed by thescientific community that even 1,200 years after his death,scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakesrather than correct them!Brilliant minds can intimidate up-and-coming thinkers

32、who are not confident of their abilities.They oftenbelieve they are inferior to the minds of giants such as Aristotle,leading many to accept current paradigms insteadof questioning them.I,like many thinkers of the past,once believed in my mental inferiority.I was certain that my parents,myteachersad

33、ults in generalwere always right.They were like a textbook to me;I didnt question what waswritten on those pages.I respected them,and accepted whatever they told me.But that attitude soon changed.Myminds independence was first stimulated in the classroom.A stem,65-year-old elementary-school science

34、teacher once told me that light is a type of wave.I confidentlywent through years of school believing that light is a wave.One day,however I heard the German exchange studentmention that light could be made up of particles.As the others laughed at his statement,I started to question mybeliefs.Maybe

35、the teachers and textbooks hadnt given me the whole story.I went to the library,did some researchand learned of the light-as-a-wave versus light-as-a-particle debate.I read about Einsteins discovery of the dualnature of light and learned the facts of a paradox（悖论）that puzzles the worlds greatest thi

36、nkers to this day.Lightbehaves as both a particle and a wave,it is both at once.I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of thestory as the whole truth.Each new year brought more new facts,and I formulated even more questions.I found myself in the libraryafter school,trying to find my

37、own answers to gain a more complete understanding of what I thought I alreadyknew.I discovered that my parents and teachers are incredible tools in my quest for knowledge,but they are neverthe final word.Even textbooks can be challenged.I learned to question my sources,I learned to be a thinker.I on

38、cebelieved that everything I learned at home and at school was certain,but I have now discovered to re-examine whennecessary.Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth,and I plan to continue questioning.How many thingsdo we know for sure today that we will question in the future?At thi

39、s moment,I know that our sun will burn foranother five billion years,and I know nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole.This knowledge,however,may change in the next 20 yearsmaybe even in the next two.The one thing we can control now is our opennessto discovery.Questions are the tools of open

40、 minds,and open minds are the key to intellectual advancement.65.In the first paragraph,Aristotle is taken as an example to show t hat.A.he is the greatest and respected philosopher of all timeB.huge influence of great thinkers may block human thoughtC.advancements are made when thinkers question th

41、eoriesD.great thinkers often make mistakes and then correct them66.What does the underlined word“intimidate“in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Frighten.B.Encourage.C.Strength.D.Persuade.67.The author began to question his previous beliefs b e c a u s e.A.what he learned from textbooks before turned out to be wro

42、ngB.he was inspired by the different ideas from an exchange studentC.he was laughed at by other students for his unacceptable statementD.he was not satisfied with his life and desperate to achieve success68.According to the passage,the a ut hor.A.looks down upon great thinkers all the time B.never d

43、oubts what he has learned in the textbookC.always throws himself into the laboratory D.determines to be a thinker and questioner69.We can conclude from the last paragraph t hat.A.the author is not quite sure about his futureB.we human beings dont dare to predict futureC.questioning is necessary to p

44、romote advancementD.the theory of black holes will change in two years70.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Following rules.B.Challenging yourself.C.Questioning giants.D.Predicting future.题组二A56.Which hotel is related to environmental protection?WINNERS5 DESIGNSGLENEAGLES HOTELIt is Scotlands

45、 country hotel landmark that won the first prize.Thishotels recent renewing has put it back on the map.With a new spa,two-starred Michelin food and fresh decorations of the 1920s,youcan say with confidence that you have landed on the Heaven.COMO HOTELIt is far more than just a place to lay your head

46、.Not one but twoSingapore hotels are included.Yet it was a grand hotel closer to homethat took the top prize.There are acres of gardens,a floating pool onthe lake and a vast spa overlooking the water.Great food and service?It has the lot.CRUISES HOTELFrom hotels to travel companies,areas or attracti

47、ons,it wants tosupport the forward-thinking idea of green“out there.Who,where or what has caught your eye this year?Its devotion to tourismnow extends to its cruise programme,adding eco-friendly,lower-carbon-emitting ships to its fleet.TREMEZZO HOTELIts such a great hotel as can give an insider a gr

48、eat excuse fbr takingon a place fbr a long time.As this years winner,it offers somethingof a surprise Yoga.It usually features strongly in this sort.PlusJapanese food.A.GLENEAGLES HOTELC.TREMEZZO HOTEL57.The purpose of this passage is to.A.explain how to enjoy holiday livesC.attract more people to t

49、ravel thereB.COMO HOTELD.CRUISES HOTELB.introduce some winning worksD.advertise for hotel serviceBElderly women who eat foods higher in potassium（钾）are less likely to have strokes and die than women whoeat less potassium-rich foods,according to new research in the American Heart Association.Previous

50、 studies haveshown that potassium consumption may lower blood pressure.But whether potassium intake could prevent strokeor death wasnt clear,said Smoller,professor of the department of population health at Albert Einstein College ofMedicine,Bronx,NY.Researchers studied 90,137 women,aged from 50 to 7