八年级从属连词that及if_whether和疑问词引导的宾语从句__详细ppt课件 复习进程.ppt

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1、八年级从属连词that及if_whether和疑问词引导的宾语从句_详细课件宾语从句概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。（一般句子的主要成分都是主语谓语宾语，从句的意思是句子里面还有句子，宾语从句就是说由一段句子作宾语的句子）宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词2、从句语序3、从句的时态不同引导词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可分为三类1.从属连词that引导的宾语从句2.从属连词if,whether 引导的宾语从句that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句而if 和whether 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.2.由连接代词 Who,whom,wh

2、ose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述语序。由从属连词that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.（我听说一小时后他会回来）1.Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.（他说他非常想念我们）1.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.（老师告诉我们地球围着太阳转）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语中that 往往可以

3、省略当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，起后面的句子一般用that引导。例如：Ihope(that)itwillsnowthiswinter.Ibelieve(that)weshallbecomegoodfriends.Bettythinks(that)treescanimprovetheair.当主句的谓语是think,believe 等动词时，某后作宾语的that从句如果否定意义，通常将否定词not移至主句动词之前。否定转移Idontthinkheishavingameeting.Idontbelieve(that)weshallbecomegoodfriend

4、s.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 温馨提示：并非所有的动词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句。常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe,expect（希望）,explain（解释）,feel,hear,hope,imagine（猜想）,prefer（提出）,promise（承诺）,report（报告）,say,see,tell,think,understand,warn（提醒）,wish 等。由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句 如果要表达像“他不知道他们周六是否会去植树”或“我记不清以前是否见过他”这样的不确定的概念时，从句就要用whether 或if 来引导，不

5、能用that。例如：HedoesnotknowwhethertheywillplanttreesonSaturdayornot.Heaskedwhether/ifwewillgofishingonSunday.Tomwantstoknowwhether/ifheneedstocomeearlytomorrow.思考：有两个引导词，一个是whether，一个是if，应该如何选择？注意在下列情况下一般用whether,而不用if.Iaminterestedinwhetherhellgotohaveapicnic作介词的宾语时，用whether，而不用if.Whetherthisistrueorno

6、t,Iamnotsure.whether 引导的从句可移到主句之前而if不能。注意在下列情况下一般用whether,而不用if.3、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.Idontknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.（是否要下雨）4、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.Ihaventmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heaskedwhocouldanswertheque

7、stion.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellmewhenwewillhaveameeting.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellmewhereheis.（他在哪儿）6.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation.（我该怎么去车站）7.Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate.（为什么火车迟到了）二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序主句

8、+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他 HeaskedmewhenIarrivedinShanghai.Iwanttoknowwheretheywillgo.Couldyoutellmewhatyouarereading?Idontknowwherehelives.请注意看红色字体的语序e.g:Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum?He asked him where he came from.Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yeste

9、rday？Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower.三.主从句的时态呼应 1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:Hesaysthatheisreadingabooknow.Hesaidthathewouldworkhard.TheysaidtheyhadbeentoFrance.Thestudentsaskedmeiftheearthgoesroundthesun.具体的时态的变化 1.当主句是一般现在

10、时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.g：I hear(that)Tom has been to Guilin twice.I hear(that)she will come tomorrow.I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago.I hear(that)he is interested in English.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.g：He said(that)he would go to Xian.He said(that)h

11、e was ill yesterday.He said(that)he was reading a book.He said(that)he had had supper already.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.g：He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound.The PE teacher said that doing m

12、orning exercise is useful to our health.四.宾语从句的标点符号标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.g：Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?4Could you tell me _?Im going to see him Sorry，I

13、 dont know A.where does Mr Li live B.where did Mr Li live C.Where Mr Li lives D.where MrLi lived Directspeech直接引语Reportedspeech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号Theboysaid,“Imreadingabook.”Directspeech直接引语Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech间接引语.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Hes

14、aid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.He said（that）I was younger than him.He says（that）Tom is a good student.人称变化 一主Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogowithmetomorrw.Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithherthenextday.二宾Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”JacktoldmethatIlookedworriedthatday.三不变Theteac

15、hersaid,“Lilyisagoodstudent.”TheteachersaidthatLilywasagoodstudent.1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）一般现在时Hesaid,“IcandowellinEnglish.”现在进行时Hesaid,“Imwritingaletter.”一般将来时Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish.Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter.Tomtold

16、methathewouldcallmethenextday.注：如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。Hesays,“Imnotgoodatmath.”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.记住：动词时态的变化直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时一般将来时 过去将来时can couldmay might记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语 间接引语指示代词this,these that,those时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek.thenthatdayt

17、hedaybeforethenextdaythatweek.thenextweek地点状语here there动词come gothisthatthesethosenowthenthatdaytodayyesterday thedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek（month，year）thenextweek(month,year)here therecome gothisweekthatweek 注意：(1)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.Hesaidthatt

18、hemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.”MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent.I can speak three languages.He said he could speak three languages.Whatdidhesay?WearehavingapartyforLana.Whatdidtheysay?TheysaidtheywerehavingapartyforLana.shewashard-working

19、,I am hard-working.Whatdidshesay?Shesaidshewasnotlazy.Whatdidshesay?ShesaidI am not lazy.he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.I am good at English.ShesaidshewasgoodatEnglish.Whatdidshesay?Whatdidshesay?I do well in English.ShesaidshedidwellinEnglish.

20、do well inI do well in English.IgotobeacheverySunday.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidhe_.wenttobeacheverySundayWhatdidshesay?Shesaidshe_.wouldcallmetomorrowIwillcallyoutomorrow.将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1.Lanasaid,ImgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria.LanasaidthatshewasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria.2.Theteachersaid,My

21、studentsarehard-working.Theteachersaidthathis/herstudentswerehardworking.3.TomtoldJane,Iwilllendmybicycletoyou.TomtoldJanethathewouldlendhisbicycletoher/Jane.5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimetogohome.”4.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth.”Mr.WangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaithenextmonth.Shetoldhimt

22、hatitwastimetogohome.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go to visit the Great Wall.2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为

23、陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用whether或if(是否）引导。主句中的动词是said时改为asked。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”疑问语序Heaskedmewhether/ifIwasastudent.陈述语序一般疑问句变成if/whether 引导的宾语从句。1.Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.2.Theteachersaid,“Haveyouallunderstoodme?”Theteacheraskedifwehadallunderstoodhim.If/whether 的用法主要区别点:wh

24、ether 可与or(not)连用Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Idontknowif/whetherhewillcome.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-office.2)特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用原

25、来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatherasked hisson.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑问语序陈述语序疑问语序陈述语序三.特殊疑问句变为由who/what/when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。1.Georgesaid,“WhenwillyougetbackfromShanghai,Mike?”GeorgeaskedM

26、ikewhenhewouldgetbackfromShanghai.2.Hesaid,“Whereareyougoing?”HeaskedwhereIwasgoing.3.当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,等,而把直接引语的祈使句变成带(not)to的不定式短语。句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。”Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老师让学生们不要说话

27、了。2.Theteachersaidtous,”Dontplayinclass.Theteachertold/askedusnottoplayinclass.练习：1.Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.2.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Dontleavethedooropen.”Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.changethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech 1Thegirlsaid,“Iwill

28、haveaparty.”Thegirlsaid(that)shewouldhaveaparty.2Heaskedme,“Isyourfatheradoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whethermyfatherwasadoctor.3Thepoliceaskedtheman,“Whereareyougoing?”Thepoliceaskedthemanwherehewasgoing.4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.5Theteachersaidtous,“Donttalkinclass!”

29、Theteachertold/askedusnottotalkinclass.6Theteachersaid,“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.1.“IamgoodatEnglish,”Lucysaid.2.“LiLeiisreadingabook,”PetersaidtoLucy.3.“Wewillhaveafootballmatch,”hetoldhismother.LucysaidshewasgoodatEnglish.PetertoldLucythatLiLeiwasrea

30、dingabook.Hetoldhismothertheywouldhaveafootballmatch.二.把下列句子变为间接引语。4.“TheygotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,”theboysaid.TheboysaidtheywenttoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.5.Sheaskedme,Whydoyouwanttodothis?SheaskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导主语（said)that+句子（时态往过去推told2当直接引语是一般疑问句:用if引导whether主语（asked)if+一般疑问句(主谓结构）whether 3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（what/where等）主语asked+what特殊疑问句（主谓）where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语+toldsb(not)todosthaskedordered此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢