2023全国版英语中考复习题--专题十七选择型阅读.pdf

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1、2023全国版英语中考专题十七选择型阅读五年中考分类训练一说明文Passage 1（2022广西北部湾经济区,D）Walk or drive to work?Which way is lower in carbon（碳）？To be friendly to the environment,you may choose to walk.Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet（日常饮食）？A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the

2、health and environmentalinfluences of 15 foods common in western diets.Among these,plant-based（基于植物的）foodsincluded fruits,vegetables,nuts and potatoes.It also studied animal-based foods,including red meat,chicken,milk products,eggs and fish.According to the study*s lead researcher,Michael Clark/Choo

3、sing better and greener diets isone of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment.That is to say,plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.To get this result,researchers compared the influence of eating another portion（份）of eachfood with

4、 the increased risk of a few illnesses.They also find out the environmental harm for eachanimal-based food and each plant-based food.By using this method,the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods to theenvironment.Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane（甲烷）that ke

5、eps 30 timesmore heat than CO2.As well as making the earth warmer,eating too much red meat is known toincrease the risk of a few illnesses,such as heart trouble.Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way.According tothe study,without eating or using meat and milk pr

6、oducts,global farmland use could be cut down bymore than 75%and still feed the world.Speaking to the Guardian,Tim Benton of Chatham House said,If we can give peoplereasonable official advice of what a healthy and green diet is,the world and its people would be in amuch better place.1 .Which one is a

7、nimal-based food?A.Milk products.B.Fruits.C.Potatoes.D.Vegetables.2.Whats the result of this study?A.Many people choose to walk to work.B.Plant-based diets are healthier and greener.C.The more we eat,the better the environment is.D.15 foods common in western diets are not healthy.3.What is the main

8、idea of paragraph？A.The harm of CO2.B.The risk of heart trouble.C.A reason for keeping animals.D.Two disadvantages of red meats.4.What does benefits in paragraph mean in Chinese?A.问题 B.方式 C.益处 D.状况5.What will this study probably be used for?A.Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly.B.Offering

9、 doctors new methods to treat patients.C.Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise.D.Giving official advice on health and environment.答案语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 说 明 文，介绍了植物性食物和动物性食物对人体健康和环境的影响。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“环境保护”这一主题群，涉及子主题“环境污染及原因,环保意识和行为1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,奶制品是动物性食物，故选A。2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,植物性食物更

10、健康、更环保。故选B。3.D 段落大意题。结合第五段第一句和最后一句可知.第五段主要介绍了红肉对环境及人体的危害。故选D。4.C 词义猜测题。后文in a much greener way表示以更环保的方式，因此benefits应表达积极的含义。故选C。benefit意为“益处;优势二5.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Tim Benton的话可以推断,这项研究会给出一些关于健康和环境的官方建议。故选D。Passage 2（2022黑龙江哈尔滨,C）At the beginning of human history,people could only eat food they found.B

11、ut then peoplelearned to find more ways to get food.About 10,000 years ago,people started to farm the land.Afterthat,people developed farming skills.People eat different food in different areas.In China,rice is the main food fbr people in thesouth while the people in the north eat noodles.People who

12、 live in European countries near the seaeat lots of fish.But in Central Europe,people are away from the sea.So they dont eat so much fish.They eat more meat instead.People eat food with different tools in different areas.In China,people always like usingchopsticks while in North America,Australia an

13、d Europe,people always like using knives and forks.To our surprise,in India and the Middle East,people always pick up food with their own fingers.Now people can eat different food from different areas.As we can see,it is possible to conveyfood easily from one part of the world to another.We can almo

14、st eat whatever we like at any place ofthe world.For example,people in Britain can eat bananas from Africa and rice from India.Food isbecoming a very big business now.1.People at the beginning of human history.A.could only eat food they found B.started to farm the landC.developed farming skills2.Peo

15、ple living in Central Europe don*t eat so much fish because.A.they are away from the sea B.they like eating noodlesC.they are near the sea3.The underlined word“convey-in the passage means in Chinese.A.捐赠B.传导C.运输4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.People in the south of China

16、eat bananas as their main food.B.People in India and the Middle East always pick up food with their own fingers.C.People in Britain can only eat rice from Africa.5.What*t the best title（标题）for the passage?A.People Table Manners（礼仪）B.Peoples Eating ToolsC.People and Food答案语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在本文中,作者介绍了人们获取

17、食物的方式、不同地区的食物和人们进餐方式的差别，并且谈论了如今人们获取食物的便捷。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群.涉及子主题“饮食与健康，1.A 细节理解题。由第一段第一句At the beginning of human history,people could only eat foodthey found 可知，在人类历史初期，人们只能吃他们找到的食物。故答案为A。2.A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“But in Central Europe,people are away from the sea.So theydont eat so much fish.”可知,

18、在中欧，人们吃鱼不多,因为他们离海很远。故答案为Ao3.C 词义猜测题。由 画 线 词 后 面 的 one part of the world to another”可推知,convey意为“运输工故答案为C。4.B 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句To our surprise,in India and the Middle East,people alwayspick up food with their own fingers.”可知 B 项正确。故选 Bo5.C 标题归纳题。本文介绍了人们获取食物的方式、不同地区的食物和人们进餐方式的差别,并且谈论了如今人们获取食物的便捷。“People

19、and Food”最适合作本文标题。故答案为C。Passage 3（2022 海南,C）Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins,not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable ornot?To solve this problem,four Hong Kong high school studentshave invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort（分类）thewaste.The

20、 students named the bin Waste Collection Point.Connected to a computer,the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sortsit into plastic,paper,glass,or other kinds.To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly,the teamtested every product in the school shop and took at least 5

21、00 pictures of each one.To train the AI,we had to take many photos from different angles（角度），so it has a better rat of accuracy.said oneof the students who built the AI system.The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago,when the students were in Grade Ten.At thattime,people from the city crowde

22、d into their village because of CO VID-19.They left behind a lotof rubbish and caused more pollution.“All the bins were full,and there was even rubbish on the mountain,the students recalled.“Every weekend,we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”The students decided to develop a special

23、 recycling bin that would encourage people to protectthe environment.Although school ended at 2 pm,the team would continue to work on their inventionuntil 6 or 7 pm at school.Even when their school was closed last year,they would still meet andwork together online.“Our bin is now in its third genera

24、tion（代）.Before graduation,we hope it can be widely used inthe city,“the students said.Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect ourenvironment.”1 .According to the first paragraph we know the of Waste Collection Point.A.price B.size C.use2.The underlined words“rate of accura

25、cy mean in Chinese.A.精准度 B.参与度 C.知名度3.创 新 考 点:过 程 梳 理 This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed.Which is themissing part?more peoplein the villagefull bins andrubbisheverywherethe idea ofthe smart binA.the hit of COVID-19 B.villagers1 encouragementC.picking up rubbish around4.This pa

26、ssage is mainly about.A.four young inventors B.a new inventionC.the rubbish problem5.创 新 考 点:文 章 结 构 How is this passage organized(组织)？(P=Paragraph)答案语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的发明智能垃圾箱。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中的“科学与技术”主题群，涉及“科学技术改变生活”子主题内容,也属于“人与自然”范畴中的“环境保护”主题群，涉及“环境污染及原因.环保意识和行为”子主题内容。1.C 细节理解题。根据“a smart rubbi

27、sh bin that uses AI to sort the waste”可知，它使用人工智能对垃圾进行分类，所以根据第一段我们可以知道它的用途，故 选C。2.A 词义猜测题。根据“To train the AI,we had to take many photos from different angles”可知,从不同的角度拍摄许多照片，是为了让人工智能的准确度更高，故 选A。3.C 过程梳理题。根据All the bins were full,and there was even rubbish on the mountain/thestudents recalled.Every we

28、ekend,we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”可知，所有的垃圾箱都满了,山上甚至也有垃圾。每个周末,他们都要和村民一起捡垃圾，所以此处应该是捡垃圾，故选co4.B 主旨大意题。根据“.four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart mbbish binthat uses AI to sort the waste.The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.”以及全文其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新

29、的发明智能垃圾箱。故选B。5.B 篇章结构题。第一段是整体介绍智能垃圾箱，点明主题;第二段介绍垃圾箱的使用;第三、四、五段介绍是如何产生智能垃圾箱的想法的，属于并列关系;第六段介绍垃圾箱的升级以及四名高中生的期望。故选B。Passage 4（2022 浙江宁波,D）Recently,many people think its risky to use credit（信用）card numbers online.However,fromtime to time,we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet.We think we are

30、safe,but thatmay not be true!A new kind of attack（攻击）is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs andcredit card numbers from Web surfers.This new kind of attack is called“phishing”.Phishing sounds the same as the word“fishing”,and it means that a thief is trying to trickpeople into giving away va

31、luable information.Like real fishermen,phishers use bait（诱饵）in theform of great online deals or services.For example,phishers might use false emails and websites totrick people into revealing（透露）credit card numbers,account usernames,and passwords.Theyimitate（模仿）well-known banks,online sellers,and cr

32、edit card companies.Successful phishersmay make as many as 5%of the people believe and give away their personal information.Its really a big problem!Actually,tricking 5%of the online population is huge.Now more than4.6 billion people have access（进入权）to the Internet,and 75%of those Internet users liv

33、e in thewealthiest countries on Earth.It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion falsemessages each year.Even by tricking only 5%of the people,phishers can make a lot of money.Amy,18,from C alifornia,received an email.A man told Amy that she could get a milliondollars in her accoun

34、t as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him.Amy did as the man said atonce.The“thief used Amys Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferredher money.How can people avoid being cheated online?Above all,they have to learn to recognize theemail that has been sent by a

35、phisher.Always be careful with any email with urgent(紧 急 的)requests for personal information.Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting,but false,statementsin their emails so that people will reply right away.Never give out personal information to phishers.And if an offer sounds too good to be t

36、rue,it is.1.Phishing is compared to according to the passage.A.making money B.playing gamesC.catching fish D.writing emails2.创新考点:写作技巧 Which writing skill is used in Para.3?A.Giving examples.B.Listing numbers.C.Raising questions.D.Using sayings.3.Which of the following in the dictionary best explain

37、s the underlined word“transfer in Para.4?transfer v.(transferred,transferring)to move from one place,school,job,etc.to anotherto connect the call of someone to someone elsesto move money from one account to anotherto change from one bus,plane,etc.to anotherB.C.D.4.Besides introducing what phishing i

38、s,the writer also tells us how to.A.help to catch phishers B.reply to urgent emailsC.pay by credit card D.protect ourselves online分 室A.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章对于网络诈骗（phishing）及应对方法进行了分析和说明。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群，涉及子主题“公共秩序与法律法规.个人信息安全与国家安全意识”。1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Like real fishermen,phishers use bait in th

39、e fonn of.可知，作者将网络诈骗比作钓鱼，故选Co2.B 写作手法题。第三段主要说明网络诈骗危害的严重性。作者列举了一系列数据5%of theonline population more than 4.6 billion people、75%of those Internet usersx 40 billion falsemessages、only 5%of the people 进行说明，故选 Bo3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，网络“小偷”的盗窃方法是用Amy的社会保险号码和她的名字办理信用卡,然后转走了她的钱。C 项“把钱从一个账户转到另一个账户“符合此处用法。故选C

40、。4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中How can people avoid being cheated online?可知，本段是说明避免在网络上被骗的方法，而其内容中learn to recognize the email、Never give out personalinformation都是保护我们远离网络诈骗的具体方法，故选D。Passage 5（2022 云南,B）Wukong,Tiangong,Tianwen.Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs comefrom?Wukong,the Dark Matter

41、Particle Explorer satellite（暗物质粒子探测卫星），is named afterChinese superhero Monkey King.According to Journey to the West.Monkey King has a pair ofsharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil.The Wukong satellite is just assharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matt

42、er in space.The name of the space station,Tiangong,means Heavenly Palace”.In Chinese myths,this isthe home of Tian Di.Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space.AndChina welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together.Tianwen,Chinas Mars missions（任 务）

43、,gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan.QuYuan is a well-known poet from ancient China.In Tianwen.he had the questions about the sky,stars,nature,myths and the real world,showing his hunger for truth.Perhaps the Tianwen missionswill end up answering some of Qu Yuans questions.If you look int

44、o more names of Chinese space programs,you will find that they all havebeautiful meanings.We,the Chinese people,have a long-cherished（珍 藏 已 久 的）space dream.Sothe naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.l.What is the Wukong satellite used for?A.Answering some of Qu Yuans questions.B.

45、Finding the difference between good and evil.C.Helping scientists search for dark matter in space.Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station.2.The underlined word“myths“in Paragraph 3 means in Chinese.A.诗歌 B神 话 C.谚 语 D.传记3.The name of Chinas Mars missions is f r om.A.Qu Yuans poem Tianwen B.a

46、n ancient novelC.ancient Chinese myths D.Journey to the West4.Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously?A.We want to land on Mars.B.We want to protect the Earth.C.We have the hunger for truth.D.We have a dream for space.5.Which can be the best title for the passage?A.What Beautif

47、ul Names B.What a Cherished StarC.What Excellent Poems D.What a Long Journey彦口宝语篇解读 本 文 是 说 明 文。文 章 介 绍 了 中 国 航 天 项 目 中 那 些 美 丽 的 名 字 的 由 来。主题语境属于“人 与 自 然”范 畴 中“宇 宙 探 索”这 一 主 题 群，涉 及 子 主 题“地 球 与 宇 宙 探 秘，航天事业发展二1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey Kingto help scienti

48、sts search for dark matter in space.可知，卫星“悟空”是用来帮助科学家寻找宇宙暗物质的。故选C。2.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Tiangong,means Heavenly Palace”及“this is the home ofTian Di”可知，天宫指的是天帝所居住的天上的宫殿。根据常识可知，天宫和天帝源于中国神话故事。因此可以推断画线词指的是神话。故选B。3.A 细节理解题。由第四段第一句Tianwen,Chinas Mars missions,gets its name from the poemTianwen by Qu Yuan.“可知,

49、答案为 Ao4.D 细节理解题。由第五段最后两句可知，我们中国人有着一个珍藏已久的太空梦，所以我们对中国太空项目的取名非常认真。故选D。5.A 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了中国三个太空项目的名字的由来，并解释了为什么会为太空项目取这些名字。由此可知，文章的最佳标题是A 选项（多么美丽的名字）。故选A。Passage 6（2022 天津,B）People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work.But this is bad for a person*shealth.When people sit for too l

50、ong every day,they don*t move very much.So it is easy to startgetting fat.Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep.When thishappens,people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work.Companies need workers to be healthy,so how d