高中英语非谓语动词.ppt

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1、非谓语动词NonfiniteVerbs找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Dontteachfishtoswim.不要班门弄斧。1哪些是动词的谓语形式？dontteach，谓语动词否定式2.Hehadagoodmemorylikeanelephant.他以前有很好的记忆力。3.It would be a waste of money building such aluxuriousvilla.建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。1had，谓语动词过去式wouldbe，附加情态动词的动词原形4.Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光比声音传播速度快得多。5.Whenasked

2、why,pleasejustkeepsilent.当问到原因时，就保持沉默。1travels，谓语动词单数形式keep，动词原形6.The president was warmly welcomed by theresidents.总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。1waswelcomed，动词的被动形式1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有又没有连词连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotof

3、fthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语 谓语宾语主语 定语 连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.4.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtos

4、eeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthe

5、manswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作状语）(作定语）非谓语不定式（to do)过去分词(-ed)-ing 分词-ed 分词二非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？动词不定式过去分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)主动形式 被动形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除一般式、完成

6、式以外还有_进行式done-ing 分词动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todothatthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetoli

7、vein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补1.作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。ToseeistobelieveNottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：Its+n.+todoItsourdutytohelpthepoor.Itisagreatenjo

8、ymenttospendourholidayinthemountains句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.Youar

9、everykindtogivemesomehelp.youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise2.作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,

10、afford,hate等Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)when4.Mydaughterpref

11、erred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.shewasinhertwenties.5.Hepromised_(give)meahand.5.Hepromised_(give)meahand.togettobetogotodancetogive2）.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain，know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretog

12、etthebook.Ihopeyoulladvisemewhattodo.Idontknowhowtogetthere.Ihaventdecidedwhethertogoorstay.+1.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_thelightswhenyoule

13、avetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff1）、主语+be+todosth主语多为duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job等名词1、Myambitionistobeasinger.2、Hisworkistocleantheclassroomeveryday.3.作表语我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。2）、谚语中1、Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.2、Toseeistobelieve.4.作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系

14、实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhim.tototototoadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishwantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest+2

15、).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：Heisoftenheard_thesongHewasseen_theroom.tosingtoenter5.it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足

16、语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.it toitititittotototo用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Let

17、me_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecr

18、ytocry 6.作定语1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be washed today?(区别主被动）2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room.不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词1)He is looking for a room to live in.1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.tol

19、iveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语7.不定式作状语1)不定式作目的状语Ti

20、msatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.为强调作作目的状语的不定式,常用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中2).2).不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语作结果状语的不定式作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中如:tooto,enoughto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词+astodo引导。liftedastone,onlytofalldownmyfeet.Itriedthedoor,onlytof

21、inditlockedinside.(强调意外结果)HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightItistooheavytocarry.3).不定式作原因状语常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后,说明产生这种情绪的原因Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.Imanxious/eagertoknowtheresult.常用的形容词有able,content,willing,free,happy,glad,lucky,sorry,angry,sad,rude,foolish,clever三.不定式的省略现象1)不定式在感官动词see,

22、hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.但这种句子如果变为被动结构，有toTheyweremadetoworkdayandnight.Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.2)介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.反之,则不能省略Ive

23、nochoicebuttostayhere.3)不定式在系动词后作表语时,当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.4)有两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第二个不定式的to可以省略Ipromisetofinishmyhomeworkandhanditontime.5)当作宾语的不定式重复时,只保留toDoyouwanttohavearest?Yes,Iwantto,butIcant.但当to后面的动词是be或have时,要保留不定式后的be或haveAreyouasailor?No,butIusedtobe

24、(asailor).Doesshehavemuchmoney?No,butsheusedtohave.6)在固定词组和句型中省略toA.hadbetterdo/hadbetternotdoYoudbetternotseehim.B.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.TheywouldrathertryandfailthangiveuptheplanC.cannotbutdosth.cannotchoosebutdosth.cannothelpbutdosth.“不得不.”Asthelastbushadgone,Icouldbutwalkthere.Hecannothelpb

25、utadmitthathewaswrong.D.whynotdosth?表建议whydosth?表责备Whynotdoitrightnow?E.prefertodosth,ratherthandosth.Wepreferredtoputthemeetingoffratherthanholditwithoutadequatepreparation.四.不定式的时态不定式的时态形式一般包括四种:一般式,完成式,进行式和完成进行式1)不定式的一般式(todo)一般式表示的动作(状态)和谓语动作同时(或几乎同时)发生,或在其后发生Theydecidedtoholdanothermeetingtodis

26、cusstheproblem.Doyouhaveanythingtodothisafternoon?2)不定式的进行式(tobedoing)表示不定式的动作和主句的动作同时发生Heissaidtobeplayingapartinthefilm.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.3)不定式的完成式(tohavedone)A.表示不定式中谓语动词动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.Heseemedtohavefinished

27、hiswork.不定式的完成式常用在besaid、bebelieved、bereported,beconsidered,bethought、beknown、besupposed、或seem、appear、hope,pretend等动词之后B)表原本打算做,但未能实现的事Imeanttohaveinvitedyoutomyhouseyesterday.TheyplannedtohavebeenmarriedinMaybuthadtoputitofftillJune.IIwouldlikewouldliketohavegonetohavegonetotheparty,butIwastothepar

28、ty,butIwastoobusytoobusy.常用于这一句型的动词还有常用于这一句型的动词还有hoped/promised/wanted/wished/expected/planned+tohavedonesth.五.不定式的语态当一个不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式动作的承受者,这个不定式一般要用被动形式Youaretoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.Heaskedtobesenttoworkthere.六.不定式主动表被动不定式有时用主动语态表示被动含义1.在therebe句型中Thereisnotimetolose.Thereissomethingtopa

29、yattentionto.2.当不定式修饰want,have等动词的宾语,而句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态表示被动含义Wehavenohomeworktodo.Maryhasthreechildrentolookafter.3.当不定式和其逻辑主语是被动关系,但不定式前有形容词时,不定式用主动语态表示被动含义(常见的:easy,hard,difficult,fit,heavy,comfortable,)Thisjobishardtodo.Heisnoteasytoconvince.他不容易被说服4.某些动词,如tolet,toblame（责备）用主动式表被动意义。Who is to

30、blame for it?这得怪谁?The house is to let.这房子要出租。七.不定式的独立成分 Totellthetruth,tobefrank,tomakematterworse,tobesure,tobeexactlytobehonest,tobebrief.Tobefrank,youarelying.Tomakematterworse,itbegantoturndark.Totellthetruth,Idontthinkthefilmisgood.1.-ing的构成-ing是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：主

31、动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done-ing的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.Hisnotcomingmadeallofusangry.V-ing2.-ing的语法作用-ing一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。1)ing（短语）作主语：Layingeggsistheantqueensfull-timejob.Sayingi

32、seasierthandoing.为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.2)-ing（短语）作表语：Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Theproblemisquitepuzzling.-ing作表语的两种不同含义：-ing作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：Theirjobisbuildinghouses.他们的工作是盖房子。Therealquestionisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthepeople.真正的

33、问题是了解人民的需要。-ing作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征。如：Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这故事很有趣。Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。3)-ing作宾语：ing作动词宾语。Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.WeenjoyattendingMrMasclass.-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：Ithinkitnogoodlivinginsuchacoldplace.Doyouconsideritnousetryingagain?高中阶段能接-ing作宾语的常

34、见动词：mind（介意）,suggest（建议）,enjoy（欣赏，）,admit（承认）,appreciate（感激，欣赏）,avoid（避免）,delay（推迟）,dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）,escape（逃脱）,finish（完成）,forgive（宽恕）,imagine（想象）,keep（保持）,miss（错过）,practise（训练）,resist（抵抗，抵制）,risk（冒险）,deny（拒绝，否认）,consider（考虑）等。-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：Imagainstinvitinghimtodinner.Theydontfeellikewalki

35、ngthatmuch.HewenttoLondoninthehopeofbeingafamouspainter.lookforwardto,beproudof,beresponsiblefor,insiston,thinkof,dreamof,objectto,hearof,preventfrom,keepfrom,stopfrom,beengagedin,dependon,thankfor,excusefor,aimat,devoteto,setabout（着手做）,be/getusedto,befondof,beafraidof,betiredof,succeedin,beinterest

36、edin,beashamedof注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：Ihavenodifficulty(in)communicatingwithforeigners.Heusedtospendalotoftime(in)playinggames.。Whatcanpreventus(from)gettingmarried?？另外，-ing可以和一些介词如in,on,after,against,before,by,for,without,besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：Heleftaheadoftimewithoutsayingaword.Besidescookingandsewin

37、g,shehadtotakecareoffourchildren.Onhearingthenews,allthepupilsjumpedwithjoy.4)-ing作定语：单个的作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：readingroomswimmingpoolsingingcompetitionwaitingroomsleepingbagtheexcitingnewsaboringspeechasleepingchild-ing作定语的两种不同含义：ing作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如：reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing p

38、ole 鱼杆flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台listening practice 听力训练-ing作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家agrowingcity=acitythatisgrowing发展着的城市anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子atouchingstory=astorythat

39、istouching一个动人的故事workingpeople=peoplewhoareworking劳动人民-ing短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：Whoisthecomradestandingbythedoor?Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.ing还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。Thewords,usuallydealingwithcurrentwork,weremostlywrittenbyhimself.Whensheappeared,John,wearingadirtyandworn-o

40、utovercoat,rantoherwithjoy.5)-ing做状语：-ing作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。-ing短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when,while引出。如：Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.-ing短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icantsendthisbooktohim.Manyofus,beingsoexcited,

41、couldntgotosleepthatnight.ing短语作结果状语。如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.-ing作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.-ing间或也可作条件

42、状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：Standingatthefootofahighmountain,apersonwillfindhimselfverysmall.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.注：-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.6)-in

43、g作宾语补足语：-ing可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar.Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如：Wewerekeptwaitingforquitea

44、longtime.Jilywasneverheardsingingthatsongagain.5.-ing的复合结构：-ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格+-ing分词构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。如：Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.Hewassurprisedbysomeonesknockingatthedoor.动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。1)LiPings/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyou

45、r/you/LiPings/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.(动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可)(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格)(以s结尾的名词,只用普通格)1)Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling2)_madehermot

46、herveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.MarysmarriedJimC.MarysmarryingJimD.MarysbeingmarriedJimCC3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof_couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbein

47、gopenedandclosedD.desksbeingopenedandclosedCC1.ing作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：1在表示比较抽象的一般的多次行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。2.动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。如：Smokingisforbiddenhere.（泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。Itsnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.（指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。Myjobisteaching.我的工作是教书。MyjobistoteachyouEnglisht

48、histerm.我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。1).Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohaveB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2).Infact_isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itDD下列句型中常用动名词作主语:Itis/w

49、asnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.2.有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing分词，含义有所不同。如：forget,remember,regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如：Doyourememberseeingmebefore?你记得以前见过我吗？Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.离开时要记得锁门。动词mean,stop,try,goon等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如：Itrynottot

50、hinkaboutthat.我尽量不去想那件事。Wouldyoupleasetrydoingthatagain?请你再试一次好吗？Imeantochangeitforanotherone.我想换成另外一个。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。Havingfinishedtheexercises,wewentontolearnthenewwordsinthenextunit.Afterashortrest,theywentonworking.Hestoppedtalkingwhenthebellrang.Whilew