高级英语第二册第一课课件.ppt

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1、Lesson OneFace to Face with Hurricane Camilleby Joseph P.BlankBackground Knowledge1.About the author:Joseph p.Blank（约瑟夫布兰克）,the writer published Face to Face with Hurricane Camille in the Readers Digest,March 1970.2.Hurricane Camille（卡米尔号飓风）（卡米尔号飓风）:In the United States hurricanes are named alphabet

2、ically and given the names of people like Hurricane Camille,Hurricane Betsy,and so on;whereas in China Typhoons are given serial numbers like Typhoon No.1,Typhoon No.2 and so on.3.The Salvation Army（救世军）（救世军）:A Protestant religious body devoted to the conversion of,and social work among the poor,and

3、 characterized by use of military titles,uniforms,etc.It was founded in 1878 by General Booth in London;now worldwide in operation.救世军，国际基督教慈善组织，其职能是扶危济困。为救世军，国际基督教慈善组织，其职能是扶危济困。为提高工作效率，其组织形式和活动方式均拟军队形式，提高工作效率，其组织形式和活动方式均拟军队形式，有军衔、军服。救世军组织现已遍布有军衔、军服。救世军组织现已遍布8080多个国家，国际多个国家，国际总部设在伦敦。该组织创世人是卫理工会牧师、后成

4、为总部设在伦敦。该组织创世人是卫理工会牧师、后成为救世军总司令的救世军总司令的“布斯将军布斯将军”。4.Red Cross（红十字会）（红十字会）:an international organization(in full Internation Red Cross)founded in 1864 with headquarters and branches in all countries signatory to the Geneva Convention,for the relief of sufferingt in time of war or disaster.红十字会，据红十字会，

5、据18641864年日内瓦公约的规定照顾年日内瓦公约的规定照顾在战争中受伤、有病和无家可归的人的一个国际在战争中受伤、有病和无家可归的人的一个国际组织，现也在自然灾害发生时或之后进行救助。组织，现也在自然灾害发生时或之后进行救助。-4.National Guard（国民警卫队）（国民警卫队）：Each state has its own organization of the National Guard.It is composed of ordinary citizens who may be called to duty at any time.-5.Civil Defense Unit

6、（民防队民防队）play much the same role,but are not military in nature.The Beaufort ScaleAfter Sir Francis Beaufort(1774-1857),Brit naval officer who devised this original scale(1806),a scale of wind force and speed.蒲福风级蒲福风级:英国海军将领英国海军将领 Francis Beaufort(1774-1857)拟订拟订,分分0-12级级The Beaufort ScaleNumber Descr

7、iption m.p.h.0 clam breeze 无风 01 light breeze 软风 1-32 slight breeze 轻风 4-7 3 gentle breeze 微风 8-12 4 moderate breeze和风 1318 5 fresh breeze清风 1924 6 strong breeze强风 25-31 7 moderate gale疾风 32-38 8 fresh gale 大风 39-46 9 strong gale 烈风 47-54 10 whole gale 狂风 55-63 11 storm 暴风 64-75 12 hurricane 飓风 over

8、 75 mph=miles per hour风级歌零级烟柱直冲天；一级轻烟随风偏；二级轻风吹满面；三级叶动红旗展；四级枝摇飞纸片；五级带叶小树摇；六级举伞步行难；七级迎风走不便；八级风吹树枝断；九级屋顶飞瓦片；十级拔树又倒屋；十一二级陆少见。typhoon,cyclone,hurricaneTyphoon:Storms over the West Pacific Ocean and China seas.Cyclone:Storms over the Indian Ocean.Hurricane:storms over North Atlantic Ocean,the Caribbean Se

9、a and Gulf of Mexico;a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rains.Four kinds of writing styles1)narration 记叙文2)description 描写文3)exposition 说明文4)argumentation 议论文Detailed introduction to narrationprotagonists vs.antagonistsactionssusp

10、ense/tensionclimaxdemouementThe literary styleA piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequence.The writer tells the readers what happens first,what next.chronological developmentnarration-story tellingextended narration-novels histories biographies autobiographies travelogues 1.c

11、haracters2.plotA good story has a beginning,a middle,an end,even though it may start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.The essentials of narrationNarration is concerned with action.It goes around people called characters in some kind of st

12、ruggle or conflict against other people,nature,society or themselves.protagonist-leading character antagonist-the people or forces protagonist fights against suspense-a state of uncertaintyinterposition-a passage which is put between the action.插叙插叙The purpose is to add more information to create su

13、spenseflashback-interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of event of earlier occurrence倒叙倒叙climax-the most exciting,important interesting part on the story,denouement -the ending of a storyclimaxfalling action denouementrising actionconflict suspense endingbeginningCompounds1.televisio

14、n=tele+vision,a combining form tele-plus a noun vision.Eg.telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.2.northwestward=north+west+ward or northwest+ward.-ward is a suffix meaning“in a(specific)direction or course.eg:eastward.westward.backward,upward,inward,outward,seaward,ho

15、me-ward.etc.Compounds3.motel=motorist+hotel,a blend word formed by combining parts of other words.eg:smog=smoke+fog,smaze=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop+triumph,etc.4.bathtub=bath+tub,a compound word formed by combining two nouns.eg:bathrobe,bathroom.bedroom,roomm

16、ate,butterfly,dragonfly,football,housekeeper,etc.5.returnees=return+ees,a verb plus a noun forming suffix-ee designating a person in specified condition.eg:employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nominee,interviewee,divorcee.Theme manvs.natureThe detailed study of the textRadio and television.as C

17、amille lashed.Mexico.（Para.1,line 3）lash-to strike with great force;to move violently or suddenly.Eg.The waves lashed the racks.Eg.The rain was lashing against the windows.It was certain to pummel Gulfport,Miss.,where the Koshaks lived.(Para.1,line5)pummel(pommel).-to beat suddenly or attack vigorou

18、sly;to hit with repeated blows.Eg.The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd.Miss.=Mississippi的缩写Gulfport,加佛港，美国密西西比州东南部城市，位于比洛克西以西的墨西哥湾内。1891年起有移民定居，当时作为一个铁路终点站，1902年后发展为一个港口。Trying to reason out the best course of action(para.2,line 1)reason out:推断出，合乎逻辑的表达。eg.The expert reasoned out a so

19、lution to the problem.这位专家分析推断出解决这个问题的方法。2.Set forth facts and reason things out.摆事实，讲道理a course of action：行动方针，行动策略，方法Las VegasLas Vegas city（拉斯维加斯）（拉斯维加斯）is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada.In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people.Revenue from hotels,gambling,entertainment and other t

20、ourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegass economy.Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous.The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area.In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California.In 1867,Las Vegas was detached from t

21、he Arizona territory and joined to Nevada.Las Vegas(para.2,line5)拉斯维加斯，世界著名拉斯维加斯，世界著名赌城赌城，在美国内华达州东南部，为克拉克县县城所在地。是美在美国内华达州东南部，为克拉克县县城所在地。是美国国内华达州内华达州的最大城市，以赌博业为中心的庞大的旅游、的最大城市，以赌博业为中心的庞大的旅游、购物、度假产业而著名，是世界知名的度假圣地之一，购物、度假产业而著名，是世界知名的度假圣地之一，城内多豪华旅馆，夜总会，赌场及异域风情游乐设施。城内多豪华旅馆，夜总会，赌场及异域风情游乐设施。自自19311931年实施赌博合

22、法化以来，该城吸引了大量游客，年实施赌博合法化以来，该城吸引了大量游客，市区人口和经济增长速度极快。市区人口和经济增长速度极快。Four years earlier,Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport.（para3，line 5）四年前，四年前，倍特西飓风摧毁了他从前在加佛港西部以西几英倍特西飓风摧毁了他从前在加佛港西部以西几英里的家。里的家。Hurricane Betsy:倍特西飓风，倍特西飓风，19651965年年9 9月月710710日横扫了美国的弗罗里达州，密西西比州和路

23、易日横扫了美国的弗罗里达州，密西西比州和路易斯安那州，造成斯安那州，造成7474人死亡。人死亡。demolish，destroy,raze,annihilate见课后题第七题destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被摧毁，如常用引申义，指任何复合体的被摧毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments

24、,意即意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”，而，而raze几乎几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是面意思是“化为乌有化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤，如的严重损伤，如annihilate an enemy force,是指使敌是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力，而且没有招架之功。军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力，而且没有招架之功。如说如说annihilate ones opponent in a

25、 debate，是指彻，是指彻底驳倒对手。底驳倒对手。and were a good 250 yards from the sea（para.3,line10）a good:at least;fullWe can batten down and ride it out(Para.4,line2)：we can make the necessary preparations and survicve the hurricane without much damage.（课后题4.3）to batten down-metaphor to secure with battens The elder

26、Koshak is talking about preparing and securing the house for the storm to come.ride out:安然度过（大风，风暴等），经受住。Gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind.(Para.6,line 1)The speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the storm is approaching.A neighbor,whose husband was

27、 in Vietnam,asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks:（课后题6.2）卡米尔飓风发生时的1969年正值美国陷入越南战争的泥潭，邻居的丈夫当时正在越南打仗sit out:stay till the end of(a performance,etc.)Another neighbor came by on his way inlandwould of his dog?(para6,line5)（课后题6.3）another neighbor paid a visit on his

28、 way inland。came by:pay a visit（American English）Next time youre over this way,come by.句中的破折号表示有些部分省略了，标准说法应为：Another neighbor came by on his way inland and asked if the Koshaks would mind would taking care of his dog.文中此句破折号后的部分既非直接引述邻居的原话又没文中此句破折号后的部分既非直接引述邻居的原话又没有按间接引述的语法要求转述邻居的问话，而直接保留有按间接引述的语法要

29、求转述邻居的问话，而直接保留问话形式，目的在于既问话形式，目的在于既节省文字节省文字又从中显出邻居行色匆又从中显出邻居行色匆匆，慌不择言，让人感到一种匆，慌不择言，让人感到一种紧张迫切的气氛，也烘托紧张迫切的气氛，也烘托出即将来临的这场飓风的凶猛可怕。出即将来临的这场飓风的凶猛可怕。Wind and rain now whipped the house(para7,line1)修辞手法：metaphor全句真正含义是：Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.The French doors in an upsta

30、irs room blew in with an explosive.windows disintegrated.(Para.8,line 5)French door-法兰西式两用门，门为双扇，上有法兰西式两用门，门为双扇，上有玻璃格子，似窗玻璃格子，似窗,或或 French windows落地窗。落地窗。blow in:burst open by the stormdisinterate,decay,rot,spoil,molder,decompose（见课后题第七题）decay 常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth have begun to decay.他的牙齿开始老化

31、变坏。rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果)spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如Fish spoils quickly in summer.鱼在夏天极易变质。molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away.老房子渐渐腐烂了。disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如Rocks disintegrated by frost and rain.被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石。decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如Water can be decompose(d)in

32、to hydrogen and oxygen.水可以分解成氢和氧。该词还可以用来代替rot,使语气略显委婉。The generator was doused(Para.9,line4)(见习题6.5)douse-put out(a light，fire，generation,etc.)quickly by pouring water over it熄灭（灯或火）The electrical systems had been killed by water.(para11,line3)(练习6.6)kill-(American English)to cause(an engine,etc.)to

33、 stopand the water was rising by the minute(para.9,line7):水时刻都在涨by:in the amount of 按计算Eg.Rent a house by the monthEverybody out the back door to the cars!(Para.10,line1)无动词祈使句无动词祈使句。常常以介词替代谓语的动作，亦。常常以介词替代谓语的动作，亦可看作是谓语动词省略的情况可看作是谓语动词省略的情况(即即elliptical).“everybody go out the back door and go to the c

34、ar”。本文其他此类句子：。本文其他此类句子：Everybody on the stairs!(=Everybody go and sit on the stairs)(Para.12,line1)Up the stairs!(=Go up the stairs!)Into our bedroom!(=Go into our bedroom)Into the television room!(=Go into the television room!)The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away:(para

35、.13,line1)修辞手法：修辞手法：simile把把the sound of the wind 比作比作the roar of a passing trainWe can prop it up with our heads and shoulders.(Para.25,line 3)sentence meaning:我们可以用头和肩膀把它支撑起来！Prop up:use a prop or props to raise sth.And prevent it from falling;support支撑；支持例：The patient lay with his head propped up

36、 on three pillows.病人躺着，用三个枕头垫着头。A third wall gave way.(Para.26,line 6)Sentence meaning:Another wall collapsed.又一面墙倒塌了。Give way:collapse from or as if from physical pressure 倒塌例：The ladder gave way.梯子倒塌了。and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs,cats cattle.(Para.28,line 4)Sentenc

37、e meaning:海滩和公路的一些地方散落着死狗、死猫、死牛。Strew:v.spread here and there;scatter 撒，使散落Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.(Para.28,line5)被撕成布条的衣服挂在树上，像是用花彩来装饰树。修辞手法：metaphor。Camille,meanwhile,had raked its way northward across Mississippi:（Para.32,line 1）sentence meaning:与此同时，卡米尔飓风已经向北横扫了密西西比州。rake

38、:v.(fig.)pass over or through a surface or medium with a continuous movement;lash（比喻）掠过，扫过，席卷Eg.The typhoon raked its way over South China sea.台风横扫了南海。.causing rampaging floods:.bringing about violent floods.（Para.32,line 3）引发了洪水泛滥rampage:v.move about widly or violently暴跳，横冲直撞例：Efforts were made to

39、prevent the buffalo rampaging through the village.人们努力制止水牛在村子里横冲直撞。.and he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all（Para.33,line 5）sentence meaning:他和美国海军修建营成他和美国海军修建营成员一道努力投入到所有志愿者工作中最艰员一道努力投入到所有志愿者工作中最艰苦的工作。苦的工作。Seabee:美国海军修建营成员，包括机匠、美国海军修建营成员，包括机匠、木工、电焊工及其他建筑工人，其主要任木工、电焊工及其他建筑工人

40、，其主要任务是修建海军航导基地和设施，一般不参务是修建海军航导基地和设施，一般不参加战斗。加战斗。But the blues did occasionally afflict all the adults:（para.36,line 1）但是忧郁的情绪不时地折磨所有的成年人。The blues:1.(pl.)(used with a sing.Or pl.verb)a state of depression or melancholy(复数形式)（与单数或复数动词连用）忧郁，郁闷例：The blues has finally gotten me today.忧郁的情结今天最终还是降临到我心头。

41、2.（音乐）蓝调音乐布鲁斯：一种源于美国南部黑人通俗歌曲的音乐风格，通常表现为音速低缓，演奏第三和第七音节的降音调。Organizational patternSect I.para 1-6 introduction the setting of the story background information time place characters reasons actionsSect II para 7-26-How the family was brought face to face with the hurricane.-How the family was fighting

42、against it and survived.-How many onslaughts did the hurricane make on the Koshaks?4 onslaughts1.(p7)on the first floorthe house was leaking.They used all kinds of utensils to fight against the water.2.(p 8-13)on the staircaseWhen the sea water reached the house,they retreated to the staircase4 onsl

43、aughts3.(p 14-21)in the bedroomWhen the stirs were broken,they retreated to the bedroom.(p 19-20)interposition(插叙)1.giving additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane,implying if anyone could survive,it must be a miracle.2.creating suspense4.(p22-26)in the TV roomWhen the bed

44、room walls collapsed,they had to retreat to the TV room.para1920Twoparaswereputintoprovidefurtherofficialaccounttoshowhowstrongandforcefulthehurricanewas.Theywereconvincing.Dear Lord,give me.Why no quotation marks?The writer wants to make his account smooth.He purposely omits quotation marks.The act

45、ion is quickened and smooth.Organizational patternSect.III para 2739 conclusion(a bit too long)the scene after the storm the relief work done by the state the relief work done by the KoshaksOrganizational pattern1.Themostimportantpartisthelastpara.Irealizewelostnothingimportant.2.Whatsthepurposebehi

46、ndthestorybygivingusareflectionfromgrandmother?Humanbeingsaremoreimportantthananythingelseintheworld.(thematerialthings)Language features1.the effective use of verbs The effective use of verbs is the only way to focus on action,esp.one syllable verbs,because one syllable verbs save time.lash,lap,ski

47、m,scud,yell,dump,shot,snap,hit,whip2.short elliptical sentences a)increase the tempo of action b)create the atmosphere of tension,danger and urgency3.successful achievement of chronological developmentChronological development is achieved by:connectors-so,then,but.transitional phrases-seconds later,

48、after that,for an instant,by this time,etc.4.the words with which vividly describe the violence of the hurricane.-quick,unpleasant effect lash,crack,snap,slashing,smash,shatter,rampage,collapse,lap3.Because salty water was sea water.It showed that the sea water had reached the house.they were in rea

49、l trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4.She feared death would soon come,and she wanted to remind her husband of her undying love.This would help to encourage each other and make them feel better to face the death.5.Because he had not been cautious enough to move the fami

50、ly away from the danger zone before the storm arrived.6.In order to get their minds off the storm and make them feel less afraid.7.John was trying his best to comfort and encourage his wife,for he also felt they were going to die.Exercise III1.Background and historical facts about the Koshak family