高考英语定语从句及高考考点分析.ppt

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1、高考第一轮复习专题高考第一轮复习专题定语从句定语从句(Attributiveclause)定语从句及相关术语定语从句及相关术语1.定定语语从从句句：修修饰饰一一个个名名词词或或代代词词的的从从句句称称为为定定语语从从句句，(一一般般紧紧跟跟在在它它所所修修饰饰的的先先行词后面。行词后面。)2.关系词关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词引导定语从句的关联词为关系词 关系词有关系词有关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词。关系代词关系代词有有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；等；关系副词关系副词有有where,when,why等。等。定语从句分类定语从句分类定定语语从从句句

2、The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句一一.限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.I visited the school where I studied.The day came at last when I went to college.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词1.从句的从句的位置位置:2.从句的从句的翻译翻译:3.从句的从

3、句的构成构成：先行词之后先行词之后“.的的”关系词关系词注意注意事项事项一）一）.关系代词和先行词的关系关系代词和先行词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是

4、先行词的所有格指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略定语定语何时可何时可以省略以省略？关系代词的用法关系代词的用法练习练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefrien

5、dwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of whic

6、h is brokenof which the window is broken二）、关系副词和先行词的关系二）、关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=why小注：关系副词小注：关系副词=介词先行词介词先行词?关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从

7、句n1.when指时间，在从句中做时间状语指时间，在从句中做时间状语n I still remember the day when/on whichn I first came to the school.2.where指地点，在从句中做地点状语指地点，在从句中做地点状语n Shanghai is the city where/in which I was born.n3.why指原因，在从句中做原因状语指原因，在从句中做原因状语n Please tell me the reason why/for which you missed the plane.关系副词关系副词=“介词介词+关系代词关

8、系代词”介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?注意介词注意介词的位置变的位置变化！化！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences righ

9、t?注意介词注意介词的位置变的位置变化！化！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?注意介词注意介词的位置变的位置变化！化！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these

10、 two sentences right?可见：可见：可见：可见：whowho、that that 不能不能不能不能用于介词之用于介词之用于介词之用于介词之后！后！后！后！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?在固定短在固定短语中语中介词介词不能提前！不能提前！1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepa

11、id$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhich介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习注意

12、：如何判断介词注意：如何判断介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配3、根据介词与先行词搭配、根据介词与先行词搭配eg.Hegavemesomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with二二.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句3、The town where I live is beautiful.4、Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.1、Teachers who are kind are popular with the stud

13、ents.2、Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 关系词关系词限制性定限制性定语从句语从句修饰限定修饰限定 不能不能可用可用THAT非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分 补充解释补充解释 能能不可用不可用THATPlease compare:The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语限制性定语从句省略后从句省略后主语所指就主语所指就

14、不明确，所不明确，所以不能省略以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.3.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.4.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that Who/that?as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is rou

15、nd,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is roundwhich/as Asas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 和和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子一样可以代表前面的整个句子as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the sa

16、me pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asth

17、atPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)一、看先行词一、看先行词二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分三三.关系词的选择（重点）关系词的选择（重点）1.Theman_cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl_ImetisLucy.()3.Achild_parentsaredeadiscal

18、ledTom.()4.Ilikethebook_youboughtyesterday.()主语主语who宾语宾语(that/who/whom)定语定语whose宾语宾语(that/which)5.Iliketheperson_youjusttalked.()6.Weshallneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.()7.Weshallneverthedays_welivedtogether.()介宾to whom宾语(that)状语状语when三三.关系词的选择（练习）关系词的选择（练习）e.g.8.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearsher

19、eturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when9.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when三三.关系词的选择（练习）关系词的选择（练习）四四.难点分析难点分析一）一）区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句1 1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句补充说明先行词的具体内容句补充说明先行词的

20、具体内容.n2定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词在在句句中中充充当当成成分分，有有时时可可省省；同同位位语语从从句句主主要要由由that引引导导，在在句句中中不不做做成成分分；也也可可由由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分等词引导，充当成分3.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可用同位语从句和先行词一般可用bebe动词发动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedis

21、true.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.定语同位语同位语定语定语同位语同位语二）区分区分where引导的定语从句和状引导的定语从句和状语从句语从句Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是定语从句，否则是状语从句。1.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestio

22、ns.2.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.五五.定语从句高考考点分析定语从句高考考点分析（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，谓谓语的单复数由先行词决定语的单复数由先行词决定eg.1.The man who_(live)downstairs speaks English fluently.2.The students who _(be)in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3.He is one of the stud

23、ents who_ (have)finished the homework.4.He is the only one of the students Who_ (have)finished the homework.livesare havehas 1.当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰修饰时时,如如:all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等等（二）只能用（二）只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,lit

24、tle,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时 3.当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时 4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthi

25、ng_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中（三）只用（三）只用which 不用不用that的的情况情况 在介词后面在介词后面先行词是整个分句先行词是整个分句e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartinto

26、hermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Azooisaparkin_manykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itthat,which,whose,whomorwho?1.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.2.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_ sataboy.3.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.4.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbrought

27、upbyhisfather.whichwhich whomwhose （四）先行词是the way时n(1)The way(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.n注意下面俩个句子的不同，n(1)The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.n(2)The way(that/in which)he explained it to us was not difficult to understand.历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(1)1Dorothy was al

28、ways speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the other unhappy.(2000)Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 2.-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right,just the one_you know I used to work for years.(FUJIAN05)A.that B.which C.where D.what3.The journey around the world took the old sailorni

29、ne months,_the sailing time was 226 days.(GX04)A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(2)4._ is often the case,we have worked outthe production plan.(JS04)A.Which B.When C.What D.As5.He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.

30、have been D.has been6.York,_last year,is a nice old city.A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D.in which I visitedDDBCorrect the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1

31、,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉去掉)which_totheoneCorrect the sentences:5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_that/whichCorrect the sentences:8.This is the last time

32、 when Ive given you lessons.9.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.10.We heard the news which our team won the game.11.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_that _whyit_Correct the sentences:12.That was the reason because she looked old.13.Miss Che

33、n is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.14.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.as_giveswhyCorrect the sentences:15.It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently.16.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.17.Which

34、 is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky.18.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_hasAsthat_Correct the sentences:19.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.20.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.21.Who is th

35、e worker who took some pictures of the factory.22.The bike by which I travelled was his.as_whose_that_on_ 定语从句高考点例析Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you

36、bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语Have a try5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.()6.I like the person to whom you just talked.()7.We shall never forget the days(that)we spent together.()8.We shall never the days when we lived together.()定语介宾宾语状语考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich以下情况，

37、引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：that和和which3.先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修修

38、饰时，用饰时，用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.4.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。e.g.We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用需用thatthat。e.g.A plane is a machine that can fly.考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可

39、是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it B B 考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词*“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、可用来限

40、定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 2.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which DD关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先

41、行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.关系代词前

42、介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用词的一部分时，可用“数词数词/代词代词 +of+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，型，如：如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the sout

43、h.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best st

44、udent in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithout考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时的先行词是时间名词，间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。语从句中做状语。e.g.1.After living in Par

45、is for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when 2.It was an exciting moment for these people this year,_ for the first time their team won the World Cup.A.that B.while C.which D.when B D考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定

46、语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用反之则用which。e.g.She has ma

47、rried again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.Go on please!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made

48、us happy.Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._which_totheoneCorrect the sentences:5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with t

49、hem.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)Correct the sentences:9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10.Soon they came to a

50、farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11.We heard the news which our team won the game.12.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_that _whyit_Correct the sentences:13.Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14.That was the reason because she looked ol