2023年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案1.docx

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1、 2023年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版)历年语文高考真题与答案推举度：新高考I卷英语真题和答案推举度：高考语文全国乙卷真题和答案推举度：新高考I卷数学真题和答案推举度： 2023年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案(word版) 2023职称英语理工B真题及答案(代码22) 第一局部：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线局部意义最相近的词或短语。 1. The majority of people around here are decent. A. real B. honest C. normal D. w

2、ealthy 答案：D 2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A. hidden B. traditional C. inflexible D. official 答案：C 3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize 答案：A 4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A. excitemen

3、t B. disappointment C. anger D. calm 答案：B 5. Several windows had been smashed. A. cleaned B. replaced C. fixed D. broken 答案：D 6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results 答案：A 7. London quickly became a flourishing port. A. major B. large C. successful

4、D. commercial 答案：C 8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A. homework B. justice C. model D. act 答案：D 9. He led a very moral life. A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honourable 答案：D 10. His stomach felt hollow with fear. A. sincere B. respectful C. empty D. terrible 答案：C 11. It

5、was a majic night until the spell was broken. A. time B. charm C. space D. opportunity 答案：B 12. His professional career spanned 16 years. A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted 答案：D 13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. A. discover B. prove C. consider D. imagine 答

6、案：A 14. His knowledge of French is fair. A. very useful B. very limited C. quite good D. rather special 答案：B 15. The group does not advocate the use of violence. A. limit B. regulate C. oppose D. support 答案：D 其次局部：阅读推断 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出推断：假如该句供应的”是正确信息，请选择A;假如该句供应的是错误信息，请选择B;假如该句的信息文中没有提

7、及，请选择C。 So Many Earths The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support lifethats the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASAs topplanet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Keplerhad playe

8、d a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its datahave been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. Thetelescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those onEarth. The authors of a study,published in The Proceedin

9、gs of the National Academy ofsciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass andtemperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earths, but no more than twicethat big . The

10、planet also would have to orbit in a stars habitable zone. Thats where thesurface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes fromstudying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scien

11、tists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that thetelescope could not see . The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it woulddefine as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as faraway as Mars. Neither planet

12、 is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distantpast). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sunli

13、ke stars doesnt sound like a big number. It would mean,however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with achange for life. 16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：C 17. The main task of the Kepler space

14、telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earths. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：A 18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：B 19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Suns habitable zone. A. Right B

15、. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：A 20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：B 21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：A 22. This is the fi

16、rst research finding about the planets with a chance for life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案：C 第三局部：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Climate Change : The Long Reach 1 . Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There s more

17、 carbon in the air, and Arctic iceis melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment tobetter gauge (评估) .Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time . 2 . People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. Tha

18、t burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas . In the air , this gas traps heat at Earths surface . And the more carbon dioxidereleased , the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow ,the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more seve

19、re than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3. Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so .During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge(推动)

20、global warmingeven higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach- and warm the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the airtemperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggerationof impacts is called a fa

21、st feedback. 4. Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they re limited.From a climate change perspective, This century is the most important time for the nextfew generations, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his newstudy. Zeebe how focuse

22、s on “slow feedbacks”. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life - as they relocate to more comfortable areas - are two examples ofslow feedbacks. 5. Zeebe gathered inform

23、ation from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Thenhe came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks p

24、redict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degreeFahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 -for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years afterpeople run out of fossil fuels to burn. 23

25、. Paragraph 2 _ 答案：B 24. Paragraph 3 _ 答案：C 25. Paragraph 4 _ 答案：F 26. Paragraph 5 _ 答案：A A. A prediction of future climate change B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks D. Unpredictability of feedback processes E. Rising of sea levels F. Slow feedbacks 27. Arctic ice has never been mel

26、ting so fast in _ 答案：F 28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _ 答案：E 29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _ 答案：D 30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _ 答案：B A. rapid exaggeration of impacts B. a very long time C. the extra h

27、eat D. previously published studies E. the exposed ground F. recorded history 其次篇 The Mir Space Station The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2023 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space fl

28、ight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international sp

29、ace station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 millio

30、n the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its

31、 existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow whe

32、at in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 7

33、47.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer sys

34、tem broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined. Mirs setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir

35、was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great d

36、ebt to Mir. 36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station A. was designed to last over 5 years. B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries. C. was visited only by Americans. D. was built by Russians. 答案：D 37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it A. he

37、lp astronauts get close to Mars. B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment. C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space. D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive. 答案：C 38. What happened to Mir in 1997? A. it ran out its fund. B. it was complet

38、ely damaged by fire. C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures. D. its main computer system broke out. 答案：D 39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A. space exploration will not experience setbacks. B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mirs success. C. Mir is the b

39、est long-term human habitation in space in history. D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments. 答案：D 40. What is the authors attitude toward Mir? A. indifferent. B. ironic. C. favorable. D. negative 答案：C 第三篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It bays to be smart, but we

40、 are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is

41、 one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences . Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental a

42、bility do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence

43、.The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the bra

44、in . Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person o

45、utside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the