高考语法专题：名词性从句.ppt

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1、高考专题复习概念：名词性从句是由 if,whether,that 和各种疑问词充 当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样，可 在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同 位语。主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 从属连词 that,if,whether，as if，as though（不充当成分）连接代词 who,what,which,whose,whom,whichever,whatever,whoever,whomever,how many/much(主语、宾语、表语、定语）连接副词 when,where,how,why,how soon/often/long（状 语）主 语 从 句 在句中作主

2、语，一般可置于谓语之前，但多数情况，由it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于主句之后(if不能放 句首，that不可省)What you need is more practice.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.That she was chosen made us very happy.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.Whether or not he will go is up to him to decide.It is not known whether/if

3、 he will come.常用 常用it it 作形式主语的结构 作形式主语的结构1.It is 名词(a pity/shame,a fact,an honor,a pleasure)从句Itsashamethatshedidntcomewithus.Itssuchapleasurethatyouarehere.2.It is 形容词(clear,obvious,possible,important,necessary,true,strange)从句Itisstrangethatheshouldnotattendthemeeting.ItisimportantthathespeakEngli

4、sheverday.3.It 过去分词 从句 Itissaidthatsheisthebeststudentinourclass.ItiswellknownthatTaiwanbelongstochina.4.It doesnt matter+wh-从句Itdoesntmatterwheretheyhavegone.Itdoesntmatterwhatpeoplethinkofme 宾 语 从 句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓 语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。I heard(that)be joined the army.She did not know what h

5、ad happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me(that)she would accept my invitation.1.作动词的宾语2.作介词的宾语Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another 3.作形容词的宾语 I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.A.it 可以作为形式宾语 Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.B.否定的转

6、移 若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.1C.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 1.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省.Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.2.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省.Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandtha

7、thewouldcomeontime.表 语 从 句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。例如：1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2.Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4.Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolisth

8、athemissedtheearlybus.注意:如主语是reason 或why 引导的主语从句时,表语从句常用that引导,不用because 或why 引导同 位 语 从 句 同 同位 位语 语从 从句 句就 就是 是在 在复 复合 合句 句中 中作 作名 名词 词(fact,news,promise,idea,truth,hope,belief,thought,doubt)的同位语的名词性从句。的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that,whether,when,how,where,why引导，例如：1)The king

9、s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.3)I have no idea when we should go.2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成 分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的 that是连词，只起连 接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyearThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）(同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分）2)When,where,why 引导的同位语从句于定语从句的区别 I still remember the days when we worked together.I have no idea when we should go.