商务英语综合教程unit.ppt

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1、TheBusinessofLanguageandtheLanguageofBusinessUnit1TheBusinessofEnglishThedevelopmentofEnglishThedifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishTheinfluenceofEnglishResearchanddiscussionJuliusCaesarDukeofNormandyOldEnglishLatinFrenchMiddleEnglishATableAlphabeticallSamuelJohnsonWebsterOxfordThediffe

2、rencebetweenBEandAEspellingpronunciationvocabularygrammarSpellingprogrammecataloguehonourtheatreoffenserecognisemarvellousreflexionprogramcataloghonortheateroffencerecognizemarvelousreflectionaestheticscepticalchequemoustachepyjamaslikeablejudgementestheticskepticalcheckmustachepajamaslikablejudgmen

3、tPronounciationBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishaskskskdancednsdnsfastfstfstpathppcantkntkntBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishboxbksbkscropkrpkrphoththtspotsptsptironicarnkarnkBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishcarka:kardoorddrpartyptprtiboardbdbrdmorningmnmrnBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishdictionarydk()n()rdknrilab

4、oratorylbr,t()rlbrtrinecessarilyness()rl,nssrlipreparatoryprprt()rprprtrisecretarysekrt()rskrtrBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishfertileftalftlfragilefrdalfrdlhostilehstalhstlmissilemsalmslBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishclerkklkklrkeitherairfigurefgfjissuesjuuleisureleli:neithernani:scheduleedjulskdulGramm

5、arTenseSubjunctivemoodCollectivenounsModalverbsPrepositionsBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishIvejusthadlunch.Ijusthadlunch.Haveyouwashedyourhands?Didyouwashyourhands?BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishShesuggestedthatheshouldquitsmoking.Shesuggestedthathequitsmoking.Thejudgeorderedthatthemoneyshouldbereturneda

6、tonce.Thejudgeorderedthatthemoneybereturnedatonce.BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishTheteamareexcited.Theteamisexcited.Thegovernmentareannouncinganimportantdecision.Thegovernmentisannouncinganimportantdecision.BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishShedarednotstayinthedark.Shedidntdaretostayinthedark.Youneedntgowi

7、ththem.Youdontneedtogowiththem.BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishattheweekendontheweekendathomehomeThedoctorfeltofmypulse.Thedoctorfeltmypulse.TheplayopensonThursday.TheplayopensThursday.Illwritetohim.Illwritehim.FormattingofdatesandnumbersBritishEnglishAmericanEnglish20thMarch,2015March20,2015Onehundred

8、andseventyfiveOnehundredseventyfiveAsmanyDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iasmany:ofthesamenumberTherewontbeasmanyfireworksthisyear.MorethanonehundredAmericancollegesanduniversitiesnowhaveeducationalexchangeswithnearlyasmanyChineseinstitutions.notasmanyaswehadlastyearorpreviousyearswithmoreorle

9、ss100Chineseinstitutionsbeexposedto1.Make(something)visiblebyuncoveringite.g.Atlowtidethesandsareexposed.e.g.weneedtoexposeourweaknessesinordertolearnfromthemandgrowasaresult.2.Revealthetrue,objectionablenatureof(someoneorsomething)e.g.Hehasbeenexposedasaliarandatraitor.3.Ifsomeoneisexposedtosomethi

10、ngdangerousorunpleasant,theyareputinasituationinwhichitmightaffectthem.e.g.Mostpeopleintheworldarenon-smokersandhavearightnottobeexposedtootherpeoplessmoke.4.Ifsomeoneisexposedtoanideaorfeeling,usuallyanewone,theyaregivenexperienceofit,orintroducedtoit.e.g.Hewantshischildrentobeexposedtoallsortsofpe

11、oplewithdifferentvaluesandbeliefs.proficientDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iproficient:a.tobeproficientinsthaproficientspeakerAnt.clumsy,incompetent,unskilledn.proficiency proficiencyinmusicCanyounamesomecommonproficiencytestsinChina?TrulythetonguespokenbackDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTE

12、XT ITruly,thetonguespokenbackinthe1300sonlybythe“lowpeople”ofEnglandhascomealongway.Paraphrasethesentence.Indeed,thelanguagespokenasearlyas1300sbythenativepeopleinEnglandhasdevelopedforalongtime.peopleofthelowerclass,thosewhowereatthebottomofthesocietyTextI_BG_2.1Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundWha

13、tdotheselanguageshavetodowithEnglishRomance,Germanic,Norse,Celtic?TheEnglishlanguagederivesfromorisinfluencedbythem.Romance:e.g.French,Italian,Spanish,PortugueseGermanic:e.g.German,SwedishNorse:languagespokenbyScandinavianinhabitantsCeltic:mainlyspokeninWales,Scotland,Ireland,CornwallandtheIsleofMan

14、TEXT IButitselasticitymakesitmessierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IButitselasticitymakesitmessier,aswellasstronger.WhatrepresentstheelasticityofEnglish?e.g.Itabsorbswordsfromotherlanguagesandacceptscreatedones,thusamuchlargervocabularythanmanylanguages.Initshistory,itaccepts,bothinspokenandw

15、rittenform,influencesfromotherlanguages,religion,lawandscience.flexibility,adaptabilityButitselasticitymakesitmessier2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IHowdoestheelasticityofEnglishmakeitmessierandstronger?messier:TherearemanyvarietiesofEnglish,differencesamongtheminpronunciation,vocabulary,gra

16、mmarandsoon,whichcanbeveryconfusingsometimes.Stronger:Englishcanbeusedinmanyfieldsandsoitbecomesalingualfranca,andenjoysadominantstatus.WhenitcomestoDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IWhen it comes to saving the planet do celebritiespracticewhattheypreach?When it comes to renting or buying,youll

17、 spendaboutthesameamount.Whenitcomestoasregardsn.b.“to”isnotfollowedbyaninfinitive,butanounornounphrase.barrierDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ibarrier:n.(to)obstaclelanguagebarrier,tradebarriertoremovebarrierstosuccesssetbarrierstocommunicationSyn.obstaclehindranceAhostofDetailed ReadingWarm-

18、upBackgroundTEXT IahostofagreatnumberofahostofbillsahostofnewdevicesOthersimilarphrases:a crowd of,a throng of,a swarm of(ants,bees,locusts),aflockof(sheep,birds),Angst-freeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IAngst-free:a.withoutangerorworryWord Formation-free:notcontainingaspecifiedsubstance(oft

19、enusedincombination)tax-free,asugar-freesoftdrinklaisser-faireattitude:laisser-faireoftenreferstotheprinciplesoffreetrade,allowingforfreedomtoagreatdegree.HereitmeanshardlyanyrestrictionintheuseanddevelopmentofEnglish.ToseeacommitteeseuptoregulatethelanguageDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Itos

20、eeacommitteesetuptoregulatethelanguagetoseedone:tomakesureYouwillseetheworkdoneproperly.Heisalwaysthelasttogotobedtoseeallthedoorslocked.TohavelittletodowithDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Itohavelittletodowith:Othersimilarphrases:tohaveeverythingtodowithtohavesomethingtodowithtohavemuchtodowi

21、thtohavenothingtodowithThus2Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT ITranslatethefollowingsentences.1.Ifyouthrowtheballthus,asImshowingyou,youllhavebetterluckhittingthetarget.如果你像我这样扔球，命中的机会更大些。2.IhaveallthetoolsIneed.ThusIshouldbeabletofixthebikemyself.我有所有必要工具所以应该自己把自行车修好。3.Registeryourphonerightaft

22、erpurchasethusenablingustoprovideyouevenbetterserviceincaseofquestionsorincaseofawarrantyclaim.购 买 后 请 立 即 登 记 你 的 电 话，以 使 我 们 在 你 万 一 提 出 保 修 要求时能提供更好的服务。tr.tr.tr.All-engulfingDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iall-engulfing:all-knowing:knowingeverythingall-important:ofgreatestimportanceall-pow

23、erful:havingunlimitedpowerengulf：Ifonethingengulfsanother,itcompletelycoversorhidesit,ofteninasuddenandunexpectedway.e.g.Aseven-year-oldboywasfounddeadafteralandslideengulfedanapartmentblock.ThoughthelanguagethatnowsweepstheDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IParaphrasethesentence.though the lang

24、uage that now sweeps the world iscalledEnglish,theculturecarriedwithitisAmerican.DifferentfromthehistoryofEnglishwhenEnglishwasspreadthroughthepoweroftheBritishEmpire,nowitisspreadthroughthecultureofadifferentpowerfulcountrytheUSA.Americanizationisequivalenttoglobalizationtoalargeextent.aspireDetail

25、ed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Iaspire:v.(to)desire,hopeHumanbeingshavethepowertoaccomplishwhatevertheyintenselyaspiretoaccomplish,providedtheyadheretothemethodadvocated.n.aspirationWhatisthelife-longaspirationofthefootballplayer?a.aspiringambitiousToday,e-learningisturningouttobeagreatbusinessprop

26、ositionfortheaspiringentrepreneurs.Asthe20thcenturydrewonDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IAs the 20th century drew on,however,and Englishcontinued to encroach,French was driven on to thedefensive.Paraphrasethesentence.Asthe20thcenturywasapproaching,andEnglishkeptonexpandingbeyondlimits,Frenchw

27、asputinacorneredposition,havingtofightforprotection.toadvancebeyondproper,established,orusuallimitsGointoeffectDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IgointoeffecttobecomeeffectiveThenewtaxlawswontgointoeffectuntilnextyear.Otherusesofeffect:To bring/put/carry a plan into effect 使一个计划付诸实施She disapprov

28、ed of the proposal and wrote to that effect.她不赞成此提议，并以书面形式表达此意。His silence was in effect a confirmation of the rumor.他的沉默实际上是证实了谣言。The prescribed medicine failed to take effect.医生开的药没能起作用。aspireDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Ioblige:v.(to)Thestormgotworseandworse.Finally,Iwasobligedtoabandont

29、hecarandcontinueonfoot.n.obligationWhenteachersassignhomework,studentsusuallyfeelanobligationtodoit.TheUnitedStateswilldothatwhichisnecessarytomeetitsobligationstoitsowncitizens.Ifyouareobligedtodosomething,asituation,rule,orlawmakesitnecessaryforyoutodothatthing.InindiasomepeopleseeenglishasanDetai

30、led ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IInIndiasomepeopleseeEnglishasanoppressivelegacyofcolonialismthatshouldbeexterminated.Paraphrasethesentence.IndiawasonceregardedastheJewelintheCrownoftheBritishEmpire.PeopleinIndiawouldthinktheEnglishlanguageremindsthemoftheperiodofcolonialism,whichshouldbewipedout.B

31、utformanypeoplesthetriumphofDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IButformanypeoplesthetriumphofEnglishisthedefeat,ifnotoutrightdestruction,oftheirownlanguage.Paraphrasethesentence.ButformanypeoplesthesuccessorthewidespreadofEnglishmeansthedefeat,ifnotacompleteextinction,oftheirownlanguage.TextI_BG_

32、2.1Detailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundWhatishomogenisation?Homogenization,awordusedinmanyfields,meansmakingeverythingthesame.Thistextusesthetermtorefertohomogenizationoflanguage,toshowthatEnglishhasbecomethedominantlanguageoftheworldwhileatthesametimemanyotherlanguagesfaceextinction.TEXT Ihomo-:beingt

33、hesameorlikehomonymhomophonehomographhomogenoushomogenizehomosexual同音同形异义词同音词同形异义词同质的，同类的使类同同性恋的，同性恋者multilingualismDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Imultilingualism:n.usingorabletospeakseveralormanylanguageswithsomefacilitya.multilingualamultilingualdictionaryamultilingualpersonWordFormation(p

34、refix)many,muchrelatingtolanguagemultilingualmultinational,multi-colored,multimediamultiply:v.BackgroundListeningDetailed ReadingTextII_BG_4.2Whataretheserhetoricaldevices:humor,metaphors,analogies,andliteraryallusions?humor:TEXT IIbeingfunny,thespeechorwritingwithingenuity,verbalskill,orincongruity

35、thatmayevokelaughtermetaphor:afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphraseisappliedtoanobjectoractionthatitdoesnotliterallydenoteinordertoimplyaresemblanceanalogy:a comparison between two situations,processes etcthatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilarHeusestheanalogyofthefamilytoexplaintheroleofthestate.Anan

36、alogyattributedtoSamuelJohnsonis:“Dictionariesarelikewatches;theworstisbetterthannone,andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue.”BackgroundListeningDetailed ReadingTextII_BG_4.2TEXT IIliteraryallusion:a figure of speech that makes a reference to,orrepresentationof,aplace,event,literarywork,myth,orwork

37、ofart,eitherdirectlyorbyimplication.Inthestockmarket,hemethisWaterloo.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,alludedtotheGettysburgAddressinstartinghisIHaveaDreamspeechbysayingFivescoreyearsago.;hishearerswereimmediatelyremindedofAbrahamLincolnsFourscoreandsevenyearsago,whichopenedtheGettysburgAddress.Kingsallusionef

38、fectivelycalledupparallelsintwohistoricmoments.multilingualismDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Icircumlocution:n.anindirectwayofspeaking,roundabout,ambiguousWordFormation(prefix)roundabout,aroundcircumlocutionaparticularformofexpression;aword,phrase,expression,oridiom,especiallyasusedbyaparticu

39、larperson,group,etc.multilingualismDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT IOtherwordsstartingwithcircum-circum+vent:togoaroundorbypasscomecircum+spect:cautiouslookcircum+scribe:drawalinearoundwriteBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTextIII_Bg_3_popThestoryofthetowerofBabelisfoundinGenesis11:1-

40、9:“Andthewholeearthwasofonelanguage,andofonespeechAndtheysaid,Goto,letusbuildusacityandatower,whosetopmayreachontoheavenAndtheLordsaid,Behold,thepeopleisone,andhaveallonelanguage;andthistheybegintodo;andnothingwillberestrainedfromthemletusgodownandthereconfoundtheirlanguagethattheymaynotunderstandon

41、e anothers speechTherefore is the name of itcalledBabel”.WhatdoyouknowaboutthestoryoftheBabel?TEXT IIIBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTextIII_Bg_3_popHerethetowerisasymbolofmansaspiringarrogance,rebukedbyGod.BabelinmodernEnglishsimplymeansanoisyconfusion.WhatdoesthetowerofBabelreferto?TEXT

42、 IIImanageBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIImanage:v.(usedwithobject)1)tobringaboutorsucceedinaccomplishing,sometimesdespitedifficultyorhardshipTranslatethefollowingsentences.tr.工作和家庭都需要付出很多，她怎么都能做得这么好？Work and Family are big commitments.How does she manage it all?tr.尽管两人没有见过面，但是他们还是

43、从人群中找出了对方。Although they have never met,they managed to identify each other among the crowds.Manage2BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT III2)totakechargeorcareofTranslatethefollowingsentence.tr.他决定自己来掌管投资事物。He decided to manage his investments by himself.tr.3)tohandle,direct,govern,orcontr

44、olinactionoruseTranslatethefollowingsentence.tr.对于经验不足的水手来说，在大风中控制好船帆是很困难的事。For less experienced sailors it is difficult to manage the sail in strong winds.Manage3BackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT III(usedwithoutobject)4)tocontinuetofunction,progress,orsucceed,usuallydespitehardshipordi

45、fficulty;getalongTranslatethefollowingsentences.tr.这是艰苦的年代，但是我们挺过来了。It was a rough time,but we managed.tr.他的太太要出差了，他既要接送小孩还要买菜做饭。他怎么办啊？His wife will be away on business,so he has to send and pick up the kids and do the shopping.How will he manage?perceptivelyBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed Readin

46、gTEXT IIIperceptively:adv.keenly,sensitivelyOtherformsoftheword:对问题深入透彻的分析aperceptiveanalysisoftheproblemsinvolvedperceptive:a.havingorshowingkeennessofinsight,understandina.g,orintuition察觉到危险临近perceivetheapproachofthreatperceive:v.tobeawareof,know在能预见到的未来intheperceivablefutureperceivable:a.canbeper

47、ceived,canbeseenFilteroutBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIIfilterout:toremoveorseparatesthbytheactionofafilterThe software magnate has almost an entiredepartmentworkingtofilteroutunwantedmails.filteroutthedirt过滤出脏东西filteroutimpurities滤除杂质LondonsrichlinguisticmedleyBackgroundGroup Ass

48、ignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIILondonsrichlinguisticmedleypassesthrough,andisconnected by,English but since the English dontspeak different languages,cosmopolitanism is inLondonbutnotreallyofit.Canyouparaphrasethesentence?InLondonthereisalargevarietyoflanguagesused,togetherwithEnglish,andisconnected

49、bythiscommonlanguage.ButtheEnglishpeoplecanspeakonlyonelanguage,soLondonisnotarealinternationalcityalthoughitappearsorsoundsso.NowaboveallwhatoncesoundedBackgroundGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingTEXT IIINow,aboveall,whatoncesoundedlikeajoyousbabelcantakeonamoresinisterring.Canyouparaphrasethesentenc

50、e?ThesentencereferstotheprevioussentencethatregardsEnglishas“atwo-edgedsword”.Beingthenativespeakeroftheworldlanguage,English,usedtobebliss.Nowithasbecomeacursewhentheydonotunderstandanyotherlanguages.Laisser-faireattitudeDetailed ReadingWarm-upBackgroundTEXT Idebilitate:v.1.Ifyouaredebilitatedbysom